山西省介休市风疹筛查及相关知识态度行为调查

目的：检测育龄妇女和儿童风疹的自然感染率,调查育龄妇女对风疹认知、态度、行为,为山西省实施风疹的疫苗干预提供参考依据。方法：采集2008年1月-6月在介休市计划生育妇幼保健中心进行健康检查,未接种过风疹疫苗的育龄妇女和学龄前儿童的血清,进行IgM与IgG抗体检测,对来该中心接受优生知识培训的育龄妇女进行风疹知识、态度、行为调查。结果：育龄妇女IgG阳性率为69．1％,IgM阳性率为0．34％;儿童IgG阳性率为72．3％,IgM阳性率为0．99％。问卷调查显示,受访对象中96．3％认为孕妇感染风疹会对胎儿造成危害,86．2％认为孕妇不能接种疫苗,愿意免费接种风疹疫苗的占76．4％,若感染了风疹会采纳医生建议引产的占86．5％,产前接受过风疹感染相关检查的占1．6％,接种过风疹疫苗的占5．7％。妇女的教育水平、经济收入都会对风疹的认知、态度、行为产生一定的影响。结论：育龄妇女经过宣传教育,对有关风疹的认知、态度上取得了一定的成效,但在行为上还存在不足,应加强行为方面的宣传教育和有针对性的专题培训。     

上海市黄浦区正常人群及孕妇风疹病毒抗体水平调查

目的了解中心城区人群风疹病毒抗体的阳性率。方法采用间接ELISA法测风疹IgG抗体和IgM抗体的阳性率。结果不同年龄组风疹抗体水平,3个年龄组中抗体阳性率最高的是18~24年龄组,为83.00%;最低的是35~44年龄组,为78.91%。不同性别风疹抗体水平,本次调查25~34岁中男性71人,风疹抗体阳性率为81.61%;女性96人,风疹抗体阳性率为79.34%。怀孕早期(1-3个月)的孕妇的风疹抗体水平78名被调查者中IgM抗体阳性2人,阳性率1.28%;IgG抗体阳性61人,阳性率78.21%;风疹抗体阴性16人,阴性率20.51%。结论将大年龄组或育龄期妇女接种风疹疫苗纳入到风疹免疫程序中去。     

兰州地区孕产妇及新生儿中巨细胞病毒感染的研究

为调查兰州地区妊娠妇女中CMV感染状况及CMV母婴传播问题,利用ELISA方法对216例早孕妇女、238例产妇及其中的215例新生儿血清中的CMV特异性抗体IgM、IgG进行检测。结果:产妇静脉血清中CMV抗体阳性率IgM为3.8％,IgG为96％;新生儿脐带血中CMVIgM阳性率为1.9％;早孕妇女血清中CMV抗体阳性率IgM为4.2％,IgG94％。提示:兰州地区妊娠妇女中CMV感染相当普遍,其CMV活动性感染状况与全国其它地区感染水平基本一致。     

第6型人类疱疹病毒（HHV-6）母婴感染血清学的初步研究

本文报告对北京市海淀区城市孕妇20例及其新生儿进行HHV-6感染的血清学研究。用IFA法分别检测孕妇血清及脐血的IgG和IgM抗体。孕妇血清IgG抗体的阳性率为65%，IgM为55％．婴儿脐血IgG抗体为60％，IgM为5%，提出HHV-6能经胎盘使胚胎感染，     

2006年山东省风疹暴发地区孕妇风疹病毒早期感染状况调查

[目的]了解风疹暴发地区孕妇风疹病毒早期感染状况,为监测与预防先天性风疹综合症（CRS）提供依据。[方法]2006年4月,在山东省5处近期风疹暴发地区采集部分未发生风疹的孕妇血清,检测风疹IgM抗体,并对阳性孕妇所生儿童进行追踪观察。[结果]调查孕妇1030名,风疹IgM抗体阳性5例,阳性率为0．49％;5例孕妇孕周分别为16周、19周、20周、21周和40周,其中2例（孕周16周、20周）流产,3例均顺利生产,跟踪观察1年,儿童未发现出生缺陷。[结论]山东省风疹暴发地区孕妇风疹病毒早期感染率不高。     

汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染调查分析

目的了解汕尾地区妊娠妇女TORCH感染状况。为预防TORCH感染、降低新生儿出生缺陷发生率提供参考资料。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对476例妊娠妇女进行TORCH-IgM及IgG抗体检测。结果TORCH的10项检测结果包括Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的IgM阳性率分别为3．36％、0．84％、2．73％、1．26％和1．68％,Tox、RV、CMV、HSV-I和HSV-Ⅱ的kG阳性率分别为11．10％、86．10％、81．90％、38．40％和15．30％。结论汕尾地区妊娠妇女弓形虫感染率最高．其次是巨细胞病毒。为减少因TORCH感染而导致新生儿出生缺陷,建议妊娠妇女尽可能进行TORCH筛查;孕期TORCH感染者应采取一定的干预治疗措施．必要时终止妊娠．促进优生优育．提高人口素质。     

大连地区93例孕妇弓形虫感染情况调查

目的 调查大连地区孕妇弓形虫感染情况。方法 用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA），检测受试者血清中的特异性抗体IgG、IgM和循环抗原CAg。结果 孕妇弓形虫IgG、IgM和CAg阳性率分别为23．66％、13．98％、9．68％．经X^2检验，IgG和IgM差异显著，CAg无显菩差异，三项指标均高于对照组（P〈0．01），差异极显著；正常分娩与异常妊娠比较，差异显著。结论 孕妇产前应追踪进行弓形虫血清学检测。     

学生风疹血清学流行病学调查

目的：了解永嘉县学生风疹抗体水平,为控制风疹流行提供科学依据。方法：选取辖区13所学校出现风疹暴发疫情班级的所有学生,共494人,采集学生静脉血,检测风疹病毒特异性IgM、IgG抗体,判断学生风疹病毒既往感染史、近期感染和未感染情况。结果：学生既往感染率为36．84％,近期感染率为56．48％,未感染率为6．68％。初中生既往感染率明显低于小学、高中,而近期感染率明显高于小学、高中。结论：近期内风疹病毒感染率非常高,风疹暴发疫情比较严重,初中生已经获得风疹免疫力的人数较少,提示要重视初中生年龄段的防控工作,防止风疹疫情进～步蔓延。     

不同人群风疹病毒抗体水平监测及风疹疫苗免疫效应观察

[目的]了解不同人群风疹免疫状况及国产风疹暖苗的免疫效应,为科学使用疫苗提供依据。[方法]采用ELISA法,检测深圳市盐田区部分孕妇、新生儿、〈1岁儿童的风疹病毒特异性抗体IgG水平及1岁左右无风疹免疫史的儿童;观察国产风疹疫苗免疫前后IgG水平。[结果]风疹病毒IgG抗体阳性率：孕妇为87．9％,新生儿86．2％,婴儿3月龄75．0％,6月龄56．0％;国产风疹疫苗免疫成功率为96．1％。[结论]婴儿出生6个月后IgG抗体即下降至56．0％,母体抗体水平维持时间较短,说明低龄儿童和青少年是风疹疫苗接种的主要对象。国产风疹疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,能产生较好的免疫效应。     

呼伦贝尔市2001-2003年麻疹疑似病例M抗体测定结果分析

对内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市13个旗（市）2001—2003年送检的麻疹疑似病例血清标本进行检测，对部分病例测定风疹IgM抗体。血清标本由呼伦贝尔市疾病预防控制中心检验中心实验室用ELISA法测定麻疹IgM和风疹IgM抗体。共检测麻疹IgM抗体325例，阳性165例，阳性率50．77％；检测风疹IgM抗体244例，风疹IgM抗体阳性率67．21％。     

酶联免疫法检测风疹病毒急性感染结果分析

目的探讨酶联免疫法在诊断风疹病毒急性感染中的应用。方法对2100例无偿献血者血浆样本分别检测风疹病毒IgM抗体、IgG抗体,对IgM抗体阳性和IgM抗体阴性且IgG抗体阳性的样本检测其IgG抗体亲合力。结果 2100例样本中,风疹病毒IgM抗体阳性率为0.76%,IgG抗体阳性率为78.67%,447例样本个体风疹病毒IgM抗体和IgG抗体均为阴性。在对IgM抗体阴性且IgG抗体阳性的样本进行IgG抗体亲合力检测时,有19例样本为低亲合力,可判定为原发性感染。在对IgM抗体阳性的样本进行IgG亲合力检测时,样本SZ0259和SZ1490IgM抗体为可疑值,IgG抗体阳性,IgG抗体高亲合力,可能由于IgM抗体常年保持低水平,并非正处于风疹病毒急性感染期。最终确定风疹病毒急性感染的样本为33例,感染率1.57%。结论可同时检测风疹病毒IgM抗体和风疹病毒IgG抗体亲合力来诊断风疹病毒感染,IgM抗体阳性或IgG抗体低亲合力的样本均可判定为风疹病毒急性感染。     

Rubella infection during pregnancy in the 1985–86 epidemic: Follow-up after seven years

The study covered 310 pregnant women from southern Poland who were exposed to rubella during the 1985–86 epidemic, none of whom had been vaccinated against rubella. Rubella specific antibodies were detected by hemagglutination –inhibition (HI) tests, and IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) (Organon Teknika). Clinical symptoms according to anamnesis were recorded. The consequences of serologically confirmed maternal rubella on the course of pregnancy and on fetal outcome were evaluated. IgM antibodies could be examined in only 10 newborns at delivery or in the first days of life. After seven years, follow-up studies of children born to infected mothers were done. The mental development of 14 of these children was evaluated with Terman-Merrill test. Among 310 women examined during pregnancy, rubella infection was confirmed serologically in 46 cases (14.8%). All but 3 of those had clinical symptoms. The course of pregnancy was observed in 36 of the infected mothers. Only 5 women (22.7%) who had the infection in the first trimester of pregnancy delivered a healthy child. The rate of complications in pregnancy among women infected in the second trimester was lower, and 8 (66.7%) bore healthy children. All the children born to mothers infected in the third trimester were healthy. Eight of the 10 newborns examined at delivery were IgM positive. Of 29 children congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) was confirmed in 5 cases, CRS compatible or CRS possible in 7 and 3 had congenital infection only confirmed serologically (IgM-positive) without defects or symptoms. Seventheen (58.6%) children were found healthy including the 3 who had congenital infection only. The mental development of 14 children at age 7 was assessed; 10 cases (72%) fell within rank II 130-85, and 4 (28%) were of borderline intelligence. The study indicates that congenital rubella is still a serious problem in Poland. Immunization was introduced only in 1988–89, for 13-year-old girls. Women of child- bearing age should be screened for rubella antibodies and those susceptible to rubella infection should be vaccinated.     

杭州地区3621例育龄妇女TORCH感染现状分析

目的对杭州地区育龄期妇女TORCH筛查结果进行分析,为预防TORCH感染和做好优生优育工作提供临床指导。方法选取2017年1月-2018年1月在杭州师范大学附属医院进行孕前筛查和孕期普查的育龄妇女共3621例,应用化学免疫法测定血清中弓形虫IgG抗体(TOX-IgG)、弓形虫IgM抗体(TOX-IgM),风疹IgG抗体(RUV-IgG)、风疹IgM抗体(RUV-IgM),巨细胞IgG抗体(CMV-IgG)和巨细胞IgM抗体(CMV-IgM)。结果在IgM中CMV-IgM阳性率最高,为1.13%;TOX-IgM和RUV-IgM阳性率分别为0.08%和0.69%;TOX-IgG、RUV-IgG和CMV-IgG阳性率分别为2.04%、45.90%和91.49%。在育龄人群各年龄组间,20岁~29岁低龄产妇RUV-IgM、RUV-IgG、CMV-IgM和CMV-IgG阳性率最高。结论杭州市育龄妇女人群中存在一定比例的TORCH现状感染及较高CMV-IgM、CMV-IgG阳性率,建议育龄妇女孕前进行TORCH筛查。     

鲁西地区育龄期妇女TORCH感染调查分析

目的探讨鲁西地区育龄期妇女孕前弓形虫(TOX)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、风疹病毒(RV)的感染状况,为预防TORCH感染和做好优生优育工作提供依据。方法选取2015年12月-2018年6月间来东昌府区妇幼保健院进行免费孕前筛查的妇女共8275例,采用化学发光法检测CMV、TOX、RV的IgG、IgM浓度。结果CMV-IgM阳性率为0.33%,TOX-IgM阳性率为0.22%;CMV感染以春秋两季为高发期,与夏冬两季比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TOX感染春、秋两季与夏、冬两季比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CMV感染四个年龄段(≤25岁、26~35岁、36~45岁、>45岁)的阳性检出率分别为0.11%、0.28%、0.48%、1.83%,TOX感染四个年龄段的阳性检出率分别为0.32%、0.15%、0.37%、0.00%;CMV-IgG的阳性率(95.53%)最高,其次为RV-IgG,阳性率为80.48%,TOX-IgG阳性率最低,仅为0.40%。结论鲁西地区育龄期妇女TORCH感染率较高,尤其以CMV感染率最高,且CMV感染有一定的季节性,以春、秋两季高发。育龄期妇女孕前应及早进行TORCH筛查,旨在有效预防胎儿出生缺陷和患病,改善优生优育。     

南宁地区孕妇TORCH感染的检测与分析

目的探讨南宁地区孕妇感染TORCH[刚地弓形虫(toxoplasma gondii,TOX)、风疹病毒(rubella virus,RV)、巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)、单纯性疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)]检出率,做好优生优育并为临床医生提供实验依据。方法对广西壮族自治区妇产医院2014年1~2月2 155例孕妇采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血清中特异性TORCH-IgM进行分析,同时对其中978例进行TORCH-IgG抗体检测,对350例有不良孕产史的孕妇和1 805例正常妊娠孕妇的检测结果进行比较。结果检测发现TORCH-IgM总阳性率为7.61%,其中CMV-IgM、TOX-IgM、RV-IgM、HSV1-IgM、HSV2-IgM阳性率分别为2.01%、1.11%、1.62%、1.48%、1.30%。TOX-IgG、RVIgG、CMV-IgG、HSV1-IgG、HSV2-IgG阳性率分别为4.60%、89.2%、94.9%、87.8%、14.4%。有不良孕产史孕妇血清TORCH-IgM总阳性率为14.57%,高于正常妊娠孕妇(P0.05)。结论 TORCH感染导致不良妊娠结局,应加强对育龄妇女孕前和孕期TORCH筛查。     

Outcome of asymptomatic infection with rubella virus during pregnancy.

We have tried to detect prenatal infection in 34 infants whose mothers were re-infected with rubella virus during pregnancy and in six infants whose mothers had primary subclinical rubella during pregnancy. Two methods of assessment were used: first, serum obtained soon after birth was tested for IgM antibody; secondly, serum obtained after the age of 8 months was tested for specific IgG. The 34 women with re-infections had increases in IgG antibody titre but no IgM response. No evidence of prenatal infection was found in 33 of their 34 infants. One infant was found to have IgG antibody at the age of 11 months. This infant was IgM-negative at birth and had a rubelliform rash at the age of 5 1/2 months; it therefore probably contracted post- rather than pre-natal infection. Fetal infection from maternal re-infection during pregnancy is probably rare. The six women with primary subclinical rubella produced both IgG and IgM classes of antibody. Three of their six infants showed serological evidence of intrauterine infection. One, infected when its mother was 8 weeks pregnant, had clinical evidence of congenital rubella. Primary subclinical rubella during pregnancy therefore carries a significant risk of fetal infection. Because of the difference in outcome, great care should be taken to distinguish between primary infection and re-infection when investigating symptomless increases in antibody titre after contact with rubella during pregnancy.     

妊娠早期妇女原发风疹感染率的研究

Rubella virus is the common agent of prenatal infection. Congenital malformation rate is very high among pregnant women who are infected rubella primarily during the first trimester of pregnancy. Sera were taken from 10412 early pregnant women in 4 cities and 4 countries of 6 Provinces in 4 districts of China from April 1990 to October 1991 for detection of special IgM antibodies against rubella with Capture-EIA test. The results showed that the primary infection rate was 0.318% of those women without clinical symptoms of rubella during their early pregnant period. A high infection rate of 1.477% was found in those women with clinical symptoms, 4.7 times the former rate. The total infection rate of 10,412 women was 0.461%. By this rate at least some 40 thousand CRS infants will be born each year in China. This figure is more than the sum of patients suffering from poliomyelitis and Japanese encephalitis, and much more than the number disabled from these two infectious diseases. Some suggestions to prevent CRS were put forward in this paper.     

122对母婴风疹病毒抗体水平检测及意义

目的了解孕产妇及其新生儿血液中风疹病毒抗体水平,评估孕产妇及其新生儿对风疹病毒的易感性,为预防和控制先天性风疹综合征提供科学依据。方法随机采集2011年吉林大学第二医院妇产科住院部分孕产妇及其配对新生儿血液,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中风疹病毒特异性抗体。运用统计学软件SPSS对可能影响孕产妇及其新生儿风疹抗体水平的因素进行分析。结果 122名孕产妇风疹抗体免疫球蛋白G(IgG)阳性率为77.8%,新生儿风疹抗体IgG阳性率为82.6%。一对母婴风疹IgG抗体均>2 500 IU/ml,其母亲的风疹抗体免疫球蛋白M(IgM)阳性。母体内风疹病毒IgG抗体阳性率随年龄增加而下降。母传抗体增高的平均倍数为1.5倍,降低的倍数为2.0倍。结论及时监测孕产妇及其新生儿风疹IgG及IgM抗体,提高育龄妇女风疹免疫力,是减少先天性风疹综合征发病的有效手段。     

妊娠期TORCH筛查与妊娠结局探讨

目的了解本地区孕妇TORCH(弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒)感染状况及其与不良妊娠结局之间的关系。方法应用ELISA法检测1047例孕妇血清中TORCH-IgM和TORCH-IgG。结果孕妇血清中TOXO-IgM阳性率为0.39%,RV-IgM阳性率为0.38%,CMV-IgM阳性率为0.67%,HSV-I-IgM阳性率为0.58%,HSV-Ⅱ-IgM阳性率为0.69%:本次不良妊娠结局孕妇TORCH-IgM阳性率明显高于正常妊娠者,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论孕妇应常规、追踪进行TORCH血清学检测:孕妇TORCH感染严重影响妊娠结局。