食物中膳食纤维含量及其组成特点

用洗涤剂方法测定北京市34种常见食物中膳食纤维含量,包括中性洗涤剂纤维、酸性洗涤剂纤维、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,以干样计,蔬菜膳食纤维含量与蔬菜种类有关,嫩茎、叶、苔、花类含量高,含淀粉较高的根茎类则低,其它根茎类居中。各类食物的膳食纤维的组成成分也不同,蔬菜、干豆类以纤维素为主,谷类绝大部分以半纤维素为主,除蒜苗外,所有样品中以木质素含量为最低。     

胡萝卜渣膳食纤维调节血脂的作用

<正>胡萝卜资源丰富,加工成胡萝卜汁和胡萝卜浆等产品时,伴随着产生大量胡萝卜残渣。本研究探讨胡萝卜渣膳食纤维调节血脂的功能,为进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

膳食纤维与结肠癌

近十几年来,膳食纤维的研究日益受到人们的重视。各国学者正广泛而深入地探讨其理化性质、生理功能及其与人体健康的关系。现仅就膳食纤维与结肠癌的关系及有关机理综述如下。一、膳食纤维与结肠癌发病的关系由于对膳食纤维在人体内的消化过程、降解程度、消化部位认识不一,故定义各异。目前为多数学者所接受的概念是:膳食纤维是植物性食物中不能     

膳食纤维与健康

近年研究发现，膳食纤维具有防治先天性儿童慢性便秘、控制体重、控制和改善糖尿病预后、抑制肿瘤生长、改善肠道微环境和提高机体免疫力的作用，并提出了膳食纤维供应能量的结肠消化的概念，本文拟对此进行阐述。     

膳食纤维与肠内营养

膳食纤维（ｄｉｅｔａｒｙｆｉｂｅｒ，ＤＦ）一词始见于Ｈｉｐｓｌｅｙ（１９５３）“膳食纤维与妊娠毒血症”一文，其称经流行病学调查，证实妊娠毒血症与膳食中的植物细胞壁（含ＤＦ）有关。当时并未引起人们普遍的关注。以后，陆续发现富含水果与蔬菜的膳食具有降低胆...     

膳食纤维与无机盐的吸收

无机盐的吸收直接影响体内无机元素状态,它是一个复杂的生理过程,受许多因素的影响。近年来关于膳食纤维影响无机盐吸收的研究渐多,但未形成结论。膳食纤维是指植物细胞中不被人类消化酶消化因而不能被小肠吸收的部份,它包括:木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、树胶、粘胶等。膳食纤维主要存在于谷类、蔬菜和水果中。     

膳食纤维的保健功能

长期以来，许多人对膳食纤维毫无所知或知之不多，膳食纤维的保健作用一直没有在大众心目中引起足够的重视。因此，让更多的人了解膳食纤维的情况是有必要的。     

53例糖尿病患者膳食中膳食纤维的摄入量调查

目的调查糖尿患者总膳食纤维、可溶及不可溶性膳食纤维的摄入量,为糖尿患者膳食纤维营养状况的研究提供重要基础数据。方法通过不同实验室间的比对研究建立膳食纤维酶重量分析方法。采用称重法和食物计量图片法登记53例糖尿患者连续3d每餐的食物摄入种类和重量,利用酶重量法建立的食物中膳食纤维数据库计算膳食纤维摄入的数量和种类。结果3个实验室测定膳食纤维数据的相对标准偏差在2.63%~9.67%之间。调查对象蔬菜类食物摄入量最多,是膳食纤维的主要来源。调查对象总膳食纤维摄入量为(26.5±9.8)g/d,不可溶性膳食纤维摄入量为(14.6±5.8)g/d,可溶性膳食纤维摄入量为(10.4±4.4)g/d。结论本次调查对象的总膳食纤维日摄入量处于美国糖尿病协会推荐摄入量范围内。     

039 膳食纤维与健康

近年研究发现,膳食纤维具有防治先天性儿童慢性便秘、控制体重、控制和改善糖尿病预后、抑制肿瘤生长、改善肠道微环境和提高机体免疫力的作用,并提出了膳食纤维供应能量的结肠消化的概念,本文拟对此进行阐述.     

Diabetes and Dietary Fiber

Eight insulin-requiring diabetics demonstrated a significantly lower plasma glucose while eating a high- fiber diet.     

膳食纤维与癌肿

高膳食纤维饮食同部分癌肿发病率之间呈负相关关系。其可能机制：（1）膳食纤维可以吸收水分、稀释致癌物质浓度、促进排出；（2）膳食纤维可在结肠内酵解产生短链脂肪酸－丁酸，可以调节细胞凋亡、影响原癌基因表达，以及发挥促进正常细胞增殖、抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用。膳食纤维还有利于化疗引起的肠道炎症恢复。尚需进一步研究了解膳食纤维在体内的作用机制。     

Individual Sugars, Soluble, and Insoluble Dietary Fiber Contents of 70 High Consumption Foods

As part of the continuous efforts of the Nutrient Data Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), USDA in updating and expanding the carbohydrate data in its database, foods were selected based on dietary fiber content and frequency of consumption. They were analyzed by a commercial testing laboratory under a USDA contract. Individual sugars, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber values of 70 foods in six food groups were reported. Foods included 14 baked products, 10 cereal grains and pastas, 19 fruits, seven legumes, 10 cooked vegetables, and 10 raw vegetables. Except for cereal grains/pasta and legumes, most other foods contained fructose and glucose; sucrose was found in almost all except baked products, which were the most predominant source of maltose. Fruits contained the most total sugar and cereal, grains/pasta the least. Legumes contained the highest amount of total dietary fiber. All these commonly consumed foods, with the exception of cooked white rice, contained both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The percent of soluble and insoluble fiber varied across food groups, even within each group. Comparison of data from the commercial laboratory with those of the same food analyzed in the Food Composition Laboratory using different methods indicated there was good agreement between high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods for the determination of individual sugars. Total dietary fiber as calculated from the sum of soluble and insoluble fiber according to AOAC Method 991.43 and total dietary fiber from direct analysis using a single enzyme-gravimetric method showed high variability (r²<0.8) for three of the six food groups, but good agreement for others.     

Rosa roxburghii supplementation in a controlled feeding study increases plasma antioxidant capacity and glutathione redox state

Summary Background Rosa roxburghii (RR) is a plant of which the fruit juice has been used as a medicinal remedy for a variety of diseases. It has been proposed that the putative beneficial properties are related to its antioxidant potential. Aim of study We investigated the contribution of a supplemented RR fruit sample on the antioxidant status in a cohort of healthy humans. Methods A total of 36 young, healthy and non–smoking individuals were recruited for this randomised placebo–controlled, single–blind trial. The study was diet controlled over a five–week period with a two week run–in period before participants daily received a placebo or an encapsulated supplement of RR sample. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione redox state, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and 8–OHdG levels were measured. Results RR supplementation significantly increased plasma antioxidant capacity (p = 0.04) and GSH:GSSG ratios in blood (p = 0.03). No significant changes in 8–OHdG levels, total glutathione levels or antioxidant modulating enzymes were detected suggesting that the observed shift of the glutathione redox state probably occurs via the antioxidant mediated protection of GSH. Conclusions We conclude that these findings support the putative beneficial properties that have been linked to Rosa roxburghii as a dietary supplement that can enhance antioxidant status.     

Importance of Dietary Fiber in Childhood

Dietary fiber has important health benefits in childhood, especially in promoting normal laxation. Currently, children consume amounts of dietary fiber that appear to be inadequate for optimal health promotion and disease prevention. It is prudent to recommend that children older than 2 years of age increase dietary fiber intake to an amount equal to or greater than their age + 5 g/day. According to the “age + 5” rule dietary fiber intake would increase from 8 g/day at age 3 years to 25 g/day by age 20 years. After age 20, dietary fiber levels of 25 to 35 g/day are recommended. Dietary fiber intake should be increased gradually in childhood by increasing consumption of a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, and other whole-grain products. Although very high fiber intake in childhood could have adverse effects, the potential health benefits of a moderate increase in dietary fiber substantially outweigh the possible risks, especially in highly industrialized countries such as the United States. A safe range of dietary fiber intake for children may be between age + 5 and age + 10 g/day. This range is considered safe even for children and adolescents with marginal intakes of some vitamins and minerals; should provide enough dietary fiber for normal laxation; and may provide enough added dietary fiber to help prevent chronic diseases.J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 1140-1146, 1149.     

阿鲁科尔沁蒙古族食用野果小叶茶藨的营养成分

小叶茶 ( Ribespulchellum Turcz.) ,又称美丽茶、碟花茶子、酸麻子 ,为虎耳草科 ( Saxifra-gaceae)落叶灌木 ,高 1～ 2 m,生于山坡与沟谷 ,分布于北温带地区 ,我国东北、华北及西北地区较为常见 ;在内蒙古 ,主产于兴安盟、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟以及大青山、蛮汗山、乌拉山、贺兰山等地 [1]。阿鲁科尔沁旗位于内蒙古自治区赤峰市东北部 ,地处大兴安岭南端东麓山地丘陵与西辽河上游平原覆合截接部位 ,总面积 1 42 2 7km2 [2 ] 。阿鲁科尔沁蒙古族是该地区的原住民族。当地牧民的传统食物以肉、乳为主 ,辅以谷物 ,食物结构似乎不合理。…     

不同膳食纤维对大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响

考察了３种不同膳食纤维——纤维素、麦麸、果胶对高脂膳食大鼠体内脂质过氧化程度的影响。４０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠被随机分为４组，其中３组分别给与１０％的３种膳食纤维，喂养３个月后发现，膳食纤维组大鼠粪便中脂肪排出量增多，血清中及红细胞膜ＭＤＡ水平均显著地低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），红细胞膜的流动性显著地高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明３种膳食纤维均可降低大鼠体内的脂质过氧化水平，减少自由基对生物膜的损伤。     

RNA-Seq Analysis of Protection against Chronic Alcohol Liver Injury by Rosa roxburghii Fruit Juice (Cili) in Mice

Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit juice (Cili) is used as a medicinal and edible resource in China due to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials. The efficacy of Cili in protecting alcohol-induced liver injury and its underlying mechanism was investigated. C57BL/6J mice received a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol to produce liver injury. After the mice were adapted gradually to 5% alcohol, Cili (4 mL and 8 mL/kg/day for 4 weeks) were gavaged for treatment. The serum enzyme activities, triglyceride levels, histopathology and Oil-red O staining were examined. The RNA-Seq and qPCR analyses were performed to determine the protection mechanisms. Cili decreased serum and liver triglyceride levels in mice receiving alcohol. Hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis were improved by Cili. The RNA-Seq analyses showed Cili brought the alcohol-induced aberrant gene pattern towards normal. The qPCR analysis verified that over-activation of CAR and PXR (Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10 and Abcc4) was attenuated by Cili. Cili alleviated overexpression of oxidative stress responsive genes (Hmox1, Gsta1, Gstm3, Nqo1, Gclc, Vldlr, and Cdkn1a), and rescued alcohol-downregulated metabolism genes (Angptl8, Slc10a2, Ces3b, Serpina12, C6, and Selenbp2). Overall, Cili was effective against chronic alcohol liver injury, and the mechanisms were associated with decreased oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through modulating nuclear receptor CAR-, PXR-and Nrf2-mediated pathways.