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1.
AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine outcomes in adult life of binge drinking in adolescence in a national birth cohort. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal birth cohort: 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveys at 16 years (1986) and 30 years (2000). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 11 622 subjects participated at age 16 years and 11 261 subjects participated at age 30 years. MEASUREMENTS: At the age of 16 years, data on binge drinking (defined as two or more episodes of drinking four or more drinks in a row in the previous 2 weeks) and frequency of habitual drinking in the previous year were collected. Thirty-year outcomes recorded were alcohol dependence/abuse (CAGE questionnaire), regular weekly alcohol consumption (number of units), illicit drug use, psychological morbidity (Malaise Inventory) and educational, vocational and social history. FINDINGS: 17.7% of participants reported binge drinking in the previous 2 weeks at the age of 16 years. Adolescent binge drinking predicted an increased risk of adult alcohol dependence (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0), excessive regular consumption (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.1), illicit drug use (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), psychiatric morbidity (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9), homelessness (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4), convictions (1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.5), school exclusion (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 8.2), lack of qualifications (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6), accidents (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) and lower adult social class, after adjustment for adolescent socioeconomic status and adolescent baseline status of the outcome under study. These findings were largely unchanged in models including both adolescent binge drinking and habitual frequent drinking as main effects. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent binge drinking is a risk behaviour associated with significant later adversity and social exclusion. These associations appear to be distinct from those associated with habitual frequent alcohol use. Binge drinking may contribute to the development of health and social inequalities during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: This study investigates whether the association of job strain and insecurity with health differs by status. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2,249 employed workers aged 40-44 years conducted in two regions in south-east Australia in 2000 used a self-completed questionnaire to collect data. Multivariate analyses were used to compare depression, anxiety, physical health and general practitioner (GP) visits over 12 months across categories of job strain and insecurity for three status groups (high, middle and low). RESULTS: High job strain and job insecurity were independently associated with poor mental health, poor physical health and visits to the GP for all status groups when adjusted for confounders. High job strain was associated with depression (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.96-3.07), anxiety (OR = 2.56, 95% Cl 2.05-3.20), lower mean physical health scores (-1.11, 95% CI -1.98 - -0.23), and more visits to the GP (IRR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37). High job insecurity also showed significant associations with depression (OR = 3.03, 95% Cl 2.03-4.53), anxiety (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.81-3.91), and GP visits (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.60). There were no significant differences by status in the associations of job strain and insecurity with outcomes. CONCLUSION: High-status workers were just as likely as low-status workers to be exposed to adverse work conditions and both status groups showed similar health effects. IMPLICATIONS: Exposure to insecure and high-strain jobs is likely to rise as economies and labour markets respond to globalisation and political change. High status may not protect employees from either exposure or impact, thus widening the population health consequences of adverse work conditions.  相似文献   

3.
Aim

Describing the factors associated with the alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” by college students.

Subject and methods

Cross-sectional study carried out with 356 first-semester college students of a public educational institution at Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits (alcohol consumption, tobacco and illicit drugs use, exposure time on screens, and eating habits), and health conditions (weight, height, self-rated health, symptoms of anxiety, and depression) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® software version 13.0.

Results

The prevalence of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, binge drinking, and “binge drinking and tobacco use” were 73.9%, 17.4%, 43.5%, and 13.4%, respectively. Had no religious beliefs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86 95% CI 1.06–3.27), tobacco use (OR: 2.00 95% CI 1.06–3.78), and “binge drinking and tobacco use” (OR: 2.33 95% CI 1.09–4.96). Unhealthy eating habits was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 2.06 95% CI 1.06–3.97) and tobacco use (OR: 2.74 95% CI 1.33–5.68; OR: 0.75 95% CI 0.31–1.80). Illicit drugs was associated with alcohol consumption (OR: 8.55 95% CI 1.12–65.42) and tobacco use (OR: 3.19 95% CI 1.20–8.51). Self-rated health was associated with tobacco use, combined (OR: 2.93 95% CI 1.37–6.28) or not (OR: 2.46 95% CI 1.32–4.61) with binge drinking. Additionally, tobacco use was associated with white skin color (OR: 2.62 95% CI 1.35–5.07) and being homosexual (OR: 0.37 95% CI 0.18–0.75). Moreover, “binge drinking” was associated with being overweight (OR: 1.72 95% CI 1.03–2.84). Associations remained in the age and sex adjustment.

Conclusion

It was observed that some factors associated with alcohol consumption and tobacco use are modifiable risk factors. Therefore, we suggest strategic actions focusing on raising the population’s awareness to change these factors. Longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the causal relationship between studied variables and, thus, develop strategic actions to improve the life quality of this population group.

  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking in a representative sample of American adults. We also sought to determine ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking. METHODS: Data (n=4649) from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this investigation. Episodic heavy drinking was defined as the consumption of five or more and four or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion for men and women, respectively. Poor health was defined as answering fair or poor to the question: "Would you say your health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?" Odds ratio from the logistic linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risk for poor health that was associated with episodic heavy drinking. Statistical adjustments were made for age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, body mass index and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Overall, episodic heavy drinking was associated with increased odds of poor self-rated health in men and women. In men, episodic heavy drinking was independently associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07-1.82) increased odds of poor health. The corresponding value in women was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.05-2.28). In men, being Black was associated with approximately two-fold (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.89), and being Hispanic was associated with approximately four-fold (OR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.50, 5.14) increased odds of poor self-rated health relative to being White. The corresponding odds ratios in women were 2.97 (95% CI: 1.90, 4.64) and 5.18 (95% CI: 3.23, 8.30). Associations were greater among blacks (adjusted OR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.81-3.22) and Hispanics (adjusted OR=4.15; 95% CI: 3.12-5.52) than among whites. CONCLUSIONS: Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol consumption. Public health strategies to curb alcohol abuse may improve self-reported health status in these at-risk populations.  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解在新的治疗策略扩大之际,广州市尚未开始抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)阳性者的抑郁症和焦虑症现状,并按感染时间分层分析社会支持、社会歧视和自我歧视对其的影响作用。方法 在广州市六个区对尚未开始抗病毒治疗的HIV阳性者进行横断面调查,收集调查对象的社会人口学特征,HIV相关健康状况,抑郁,焦虑,从外界领悟的社会支持、社会歧视及自我歧视情况信息,以抑郁和焦虑分别做因变量,其他信息做自变量进行二分类Logistic回归分析。结果 452名调查对象中,66.2%(299/452)和52.9%(239/452)的阳性者分别被评定为抑郁和焦虑。多因素分析结果显示,在感染时间<1个月的阳性者中,家庭支持(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.63~1.00,P=0.049)与自我歧视(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.36~2.44,P=0.001)会影响抑郁,重要他人支持(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.53~0.87,P=0.003)和自我歧视(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.55~3.43,P<0.001)会影响焦虑;在感染时间 ≥ 1个月的阳性者中,自我歧视(OR=2.72,95%CI:1.74~4.25,P<0.001)会影响焦虑。结论 广州市的HIV阳性者存在较高的抑郁和焦虑患病率,自我歧视是影响焦虑和抑郁发生的重要因素,不同来源支持对不同感染时间的HIV阳性者的抑郁和焦虑的影响作用不同,故应针对性地提供社会支持。  相似文献   

6.
This study examines the change in health-related quality oflife (HRQoL) among (60 years) elderly persons as a result ofhealth education intervention. A community-based interventionstudy was performed in eight randomly selected villages (Intervention:n = 4; Control: n = 4) in rural Bangladesh. A total of 1135elderly persons was selected for this study. The analyses include839 participants (Intervention: n = 425; Control: n = 414) whoparticipated in both baseline and post-intervention surveys.Participants in the intervention area were further stratifiedinto compliant (n = 315) and non-compliant (n = 110) groupsbased on the reported compliance to the intervention activities.The intervention includes, for example, physical activity, adviceon healthy food intake and other aspects of management. To createan enabling environment, social awareness was provided by meansof information about the contribution of and challenges facedby elderly persons at home and the community, including informationabout elderly persons' health and health care. The interventionactivities were provided to the elderly persons, caregivers,household members and community people for 15 months. The HRQoLwas assessed using a multi-dimensional generic instrument designedfor elderly persons. Multivariate analyses revealed that inthe non-compliant group the probabilities of increased scoreswere less likely in overall HRQoL (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.82).Among the Control group, increased scores were less likely inthe physical (OR 73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99), social (OR 0.37,95% CI 0.27–0.50), spiritual (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.34–0.94),environment (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.49) dimensions andoverall HRQoL (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.59) (adjusted forage, sex, literacy, marital status and economic status). Thisstudy concludes that provision of community-based health educationintervention might be a potential public health initiative toenhance the HRQoL in old age.  相似文献   

7.
  目的  探讨江苏省医学生酒精滥用的危险因素,为制订减少有害使用酒精策略提供参考依据。  方法  以江苏省医学生酒精滥用现况调查中319例酒精滥用者作为病例组,按照1:2匹配同性别、专业、年级的对照组638人。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析模型分析。  结果  江苏省医学生饮酒率为44.59%,酒精滥用发生率为8.25%。多因素分析结果显示:少数民族(OR=4.800,95% CI: 2.487~9.262)、家庭人均月收入 < 2 000元(OR=4.660,95% CI: 2.600~8.350)、家庭人均月收入2 000~6 000元(OR=1.764,95% CI: 1.142~2.725)、家庭人均月收入>10 000元(OR=2.395,95% CI: 1.456~3.941)、饮酒是适应社会必须(OR=1.768,95% CI: 1.071~2.920)、饮酒不一定是适应社会必须(OR=1.948,95% CI: 1.311~2.894)、性格外向(OR=1.651,95% CI: 1.126~2.423)、有一些情感压力(OR=1.812,95% CI: 1.283~2.558)、情感压力很大(OR=7.207,95% CI: 3.970~13.085)和吸烟(OR=5.352,95% CI: 3.325~8.612)与医学生酒精滥用有关。  结论  江苏省医学生酒精滥用情况与民族、性格、吸烟、情感压力、对饮酒是否为适应社会必须的态度、家庭人均月收入有关,应该针对性的采取防治措施降低酒精滥用的发生。  相似文献   

8.
BACKGROUND: Preventive health practice is an important component of health promotion strategy. The objectives of this cohort study were to assess changes of health practices over 3 years among middle-aged Japanese men and to examine the factors related to their positive changes in lifestyle. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-four randomly selected men in Tokyo completed two face-to-face structured interviews, one in 1998 and the other in 2001. Daily health practices, health values, health-information-seeking, socioeconomic characteristics, and health status were assessed. A Health Practice Index (HPI) was calculated to reflect overall health behavior. According to the change of HPI, the mode of change in general health practice between the first and second interview was classified as positive change, no change, and negative change. RESULTS: Percentages of the subjects who engaged in eight identified healthy practices ranged from 31.7% to 54.5% at baseline. The follow-up interval revealed the adoption of each particular healthy or unhealthy practice as 5.7% to 33.6%. A high value placed on health independently associated with positive change of general health practice (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.23 to 7.08), and inversely associated with negative change (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.10); consciously seeking health information associated with positive change (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.36) after controlling for socioeconomic and health status. CONCLUSION: Considerable opportunity remains for urban middle-aged men to further improve their health behavior. Health values saliency, sensitively designed health information, and health status perception, as well as socioeconomic status, should be considered for successful promotion of healthy lifestyle among the adult male population.  相似文献   

9.
目的 探索重庆市农村留守老人的自评健康状况及影响因素,为有关部门制定留守老人健康保障政策提供实证参考。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样法对重庆市600名农村留守老人进行问卷调查,描述其自评健康状况,并采用有序logistic回归分析其自评健康状况的影响因素。结果 自评健康为差、一般、好的农村留守老人分别占44%、40.67%、15.33%。高家庭人均年收入(OR = 0.396,95%CI:- 1.349~- 0.505)、未购买商业健康保险(OR = 0.424,95%CI:- 1.344~- 0.370)、两周内未出现不适(OR = 0.601,95%CI:- 0.884~- 0.135)、一年内未住院(OR = 0.448,95%CI:- 1.197~- 0.406)、高BMI指数(OR = 0.406,95%CI:- 1.530~0.301)的农村留守老人自评健康更倾向于积极(OR<1),医疗费用负担重(OR = 2.433,95%CI:0.313~1.464)、所患慢性病数多(OR = 5.877,95%CI:1.223~2.319)和不饮酒(OR = 2.948,95%CI:0.637~1.524)的老人自评健康更倾向于消极(OR>1)。结论 加强农村留守老人医疗卫生服务体系建设,健全农村留守老人的家庭支持和社会支持体系,积极开展农村留守老人专项健康教育行动,降低疾病风险。  相似文献   

10.
Alcohol and stroke: a community case-control study in Asturias, Spain.   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The relationship between alcohol consumption and stroke is uncertain. Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with an increased risk of stroke, while light drinking appears to be protective. However, the evidence is not uniform. We sought to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and stroke, according to stroke type. We performed a population-based case-control study from September 1990 to December 1991. The study comprised 467 incident cases of stroke and 477 controls aged between 40 and 85. Case was defined following WHO criteria and control was randomly selected from the study base population. Alcohol exposure was obtained by medical interview. We found that consumption of less than 30 g/day of alcohol was protective against all stroke types combined, the multivariated adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.83). Moderate alcohol drinking is also protective against all cerebral infarction combined (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.80) and cortical infarction (OR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.86). Drinking up to 30 g/day of alcohol has a borderline protective effect on deep cerebral infarction (OR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16-1.02) and has no effect on intracerebral hemorrhage (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.44-1.74). Heavy alcohol drinking, over 140 g/day, is a risk factor for all stroke types combined (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-9.7), all cerebral infarction combined (OR = 5.0; 95% CI, 1.5-16.3), small deep cerebral infarction (OR = 9.7; 95% CI, 2.6-36.7), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR = 6.2; 95% CI, 1.3-24.0), and is marginally associated with superficial cerebral infarction (OR = 4.6; 95% CI, 1.0-20.6). The relationship between alcohol and stroke depends on the alcohol dose and the pathology of the disease. Atherosclerosis of the large and medium cerebral arteries is found mainly in superficial cerebral infarction, and this type of stroke shows a J-shaped relationship with alcohol similar to that found in coronary heart disease, suggesting that they are similar diseases. On the other hand, arteriosclerosis of the penetrating arteries has been found in deep cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage, while atherosclerosis is not prominent. This may explain why alcohol does not have a protective effect on cerebral hemorrhage whereas heavy drinking is a strong risk factor in these two types of stroke.  相似文献   

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