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1.
西安市2005年麻疹流行病学分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的了解西安市2005年麻疹发病情况,分析流行原因和探讨控制策略。方法对西安市2005年法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统的麻疹发病资料,用SPSS 12.0进行描述流行病学分析。结果西安市2005年麻疹发病926例,发病率为12.56/10万;流动人口发病442例,占47.7%,发病率为42.21/10万;全年各月均有发病,3~4月发病584例,占全年病例数的63.1%;病例中<8月龄占11.0%,8月龄~14岁占63.8%,>14岁占25.2%;麻疹病例无麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史者占37.7%,免疫1剂占19.9%,免疫≥2剂占4.2%,免疫史不详占38.2%;男女性别比为1.35∶1。结论西安市2005年麻疹发病率总体水平较高,流动人口较多的城区发病率更高,发病人群中MV接种率较低,应探索非免疫规划人群控制麻疹的策略,以降低麻疹的发病率。  相似文献   

2.
目的掌握重庆市渝北区麻疹流行病学特征,为制定和调整麻疹的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对重庆市渝北区2004~2008年麻疹疫情资料进行流行病学分析。结果重庆市渝北区2004~2008年麻疹发病723例,无死亡,年平均发病率为12.66/10万,流动人口发病255例,占35.27%;麻疹病例男女比例为1.45:1;发病居前两位的职业为散居儿童和学生;≥20岁成人、8月龄~7岁儿童、<8月龄婴儿,分别占21.99%、33.89%、16.74%,发病年龄呈双峰性;对723例麻疹免疫史分析,有麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫史、无免疫史、免疫史不详的分别占20.75%、37.21%、42.04%。结论本地人口发病增多,流动人口MV接种率低,提高MV接种率和加强麻疹监测,才能消除麻疹。  相似文献   

3.
嘉兴市1984-2007年麻疹流行病学特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的了解嘉兴市实行免疫预防以后1984-2007年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统资料进行分析。结果嘉兴市1984-2007年共报告麻疹7 970例,年平均发病率为9.59/10万,城区发病率高于县(市)。≥20岁成人、7-14岁、9月龄-6岁、≤8月龄婴儿分别占46.39%、19.57%、18.86%和7.08%。对1 891例8月龄-14岁儿童麻疹的免疫史分析,有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史、无免疫史、免疫史不详的分别占22.53%、47.96%、29.51%。结论本地人口成人发病增多,流动儿童MV接种率低,提高MV接种率和加强麻疹监测,才能消除麻疹。  相似文献   

4.
目的分析百色市麻疹流行病学特征,探讨麻疹控制对策。方法对1997~2006年百色市麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果1997~2006年百色市共报告麻疹病例6 550例,年平均发病率为19.05/10万,病例主要集中在8月龄~7岁组,其次为8~14岁组,各占总病例数的49.79%、30.70%;流动人口病例占30.27%;春末夏初为高发季节,4月达到高峰;人口密集及流动性大的隆林、平果、田东等3县发病较多,占全市发病数的47.27%;对777例麻疹的免疫史分析,有麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种史、无免疫史、免疫史不详的分别占25.80%、37.49%、36.71%。结论百色市近年麻疹仍呈高发病状态,应提高麻疹疫苗的初种和复种率,重点加强流动人口及移民的MV接种工作,保证接种质量,加强麻疹监测,消除免疫空白,是控制麻疹流行的主要措施。  相似文献   

5.
目的了解新城区2005年麻疹流行病学特征,探讨加速控制麻疹的策略。方法对麻疹监测系统和常规传染病报告系统报告的2005年麻疹病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果2005年麻疹发病率较2003年、2004年大幅度上升,冬春季高发,地理分布表现为集中于流动人口较多的道北地区和东郊地区,流动人口发病率高于常住人口,发病率以小年龄组为高,8月龄~7岁年龄组发病比例最高,该年龄组病例MV接种率仅为33.3%,其中常住人口患儿有MV接种史者占42.9%,而流动儿童仅为28.6%。结论本区存在较多的MV免疫空白人群,亟待加强MV的初种,和复种,要特别重视流动人口聚集地和流动儿童的计划免疫工作。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解扬州市2000~2006年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定和调整麻疹的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统资料进行分析。结果扬州市2000~2006年共报告麻疹1123例,年平均发病率为3.53/10万,城区发病率高于县(市)。≥15岁人群占48.17%,8~14岁人群占28.23%,〈8月龄儿童占7.84%。对625例免疫史分析,有麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)免疫史、无免疫史、免疫史不详的分别占12.0%、25.92%、62.08%。结论本地人口麻疹病例增多,流动人口MV接种率低,提高MV接种率和加强麻疹监测,才能消除麻疹。  相似文献   

7.
目的研究铜陵市2004~2009年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对法定传染病报告系统资料进行分析。结果铜陵市2004~2009年共报告麻疹245例,年平均发病率为5.59/10万,城区发病率高于农村。流动人口发病80例占32.65%。大于18岁成人、7~18岁的学生、8月龄~6岁儿童、小于8月龄婴儿发病数分别占41.22%、15.92%、21.63%、21.63%。245例麻疹患者,有麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫史、无免疫史、免疫史不详分别占13.47%、44.49%、42.04%。结论本地人口发病增多,流动人口麻疹减毒活疫苗接种率低,提高麻疹减毒活疫苗接种率和加强麻疹监测,才能消除麻疹。  相似文献   

8.
大同市2004-2009年麻疹流行病学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解大同市麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析大同市2004-2009年麻疹监测资料。结果 6年共报告病例2 647例,年平均报告发病率14.01/10万,经济发达、流动人口多的县区年平均报告发病率在20/10万左右。发病呈明显的季节性,5月份为高峰,4~6月为高发。≤14岁病例,占总病例的82.21%,暴发病例占8.58%。有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占16.25%,无免疫史的占26.39%,免疫史不详的占57.36%。血标本采集率23.83%,麻疹IgM抗体阳性率76.70%。结论 MV接种率低是造成麻疹发病的主要原因。确保高水平2剂次MV接种率,加强流动人口管理,定期开展强化免疫是控制麻疹的主要策略。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解广西壮族自治区麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析广西壮族自治区2000~2006年麻疹监测资料.结果 广西壮族自治区2000~2006年麻疹年平均发病率为6.50/10万(1.81/10万~13.32/10万).3~6月发病数占全年的55.24%.男女性别比为1.34:1.<15岁病例占81.73%,爆发病例占29.90%.8月龄~14岁病例无麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)免疫史的占33.32%,有1剂免疫史的占29.75%,≥2剂免疫史的占6.38%,免疫史不详的占30.56%.结论 MV接种率低是造成麻疹发病的主要原因.提高MV常规免疫接种率,加强局部地区麻疹疫情控制,是广西壮族自治区控制麻疹亟需解决的问题.  相似文献   

10.
青海省2001~2005年麻疹流行病学特征分析及控制策略探讨   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
目的分析青海省2001~2005年麻疹流行病学特征,提出控制麻疹策略及措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法,运用SPSS 10.0软件进行分析。结果青海省2001~2005年共报告麻疹1 815例,年平均发病率为7.33/10万。8月龄~14岁病例数占65.18%;病例中有麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占21.10%,无免疫史的占25.57%,免疫史不详的占53.33%;发病高峰在3~6月。青南地区发病率高于环湖地区,环湖地区高于西宁和海东地区。结论免疫空白和免疫失败人群的积累是麻疹发病的主要原因。高免疫覆盖率和高质量的监测是控制麻疹的关键策略。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

14.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

15.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

16.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

17.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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