高效液相色谱法测定石榴皮中熊果酸的含量

[目的]建立石榴皮中熊果酸高效液相色谱测定方法。[方法]采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),甲醇-0.1%乙酸水溶液(pH3.4)(94︰6)为流动相,流速为0.8ml·min-1,检测波长210nm,柱温为室温。[结果]熊果酸在10.4μg·ml-1～104μg·ml-1范围内线性良好,回归方程为Y=16315X+55.119,r=0.9998,平均回收率为99.2%。[结论]该方法简便、准确、重复性好,适用于石榴皮药材中熊果酸的含量测定。     

山楂中熊果酸含量的RP-HPLC测定法

目的研究分离山楂中熊果酸与齐墩果酸的最佳工艺,建立RP-HPLC法测定山楂药材中熊果酸的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm),流动相为甲醇—水—冰乙酸(83∶17∶0.04);柱温:25℃;流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长:220 nm。结果熊果酸进样量在0.071 4～4.284 mg/ml范围内与峰面积成良好的线性关系,r=0.999 7,平均回收率为101.66%,RSD=1.70%。结论该方法精密度好,结果准确可靠。     

HPLC法测定不同罗汉果品系甜苷V的含量

[目的]建立HPLC测定罗汉果药材中罗汉果甜苷V含量的方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:DIKMA Diamomsil(TM)C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水,流速:1.0ml.min-1,检测波长:203nm;柱温25℃。[结果]罗汉果甜苷V线性范围为1.96～11.76μg,平均回收率为102.35%(RSD:1.65%,n=6)。[结论]所建立的方法简便可靠、快速、重现性好,结果稳定,回收率良好,可用于测定罗汉果中罗汉果甜苷V的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定大枣中齐墩果酸、熊果酸、环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷

目的建立大枣中齐墩果酸、熊果酸、环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷测定的高效液相色谱法。方法试样经乙腈-水在60℃超声提取,过滤后用Waters Symmetry ShieldTMRP18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。结果齐墩果酸线性范围为1.2μg/ml~90.0μg/ml,熊果酸线性范围为1.0μg/ml~75.0μg/ml,环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷线性范围为1.0μg/ml~100.0μg/ml,相关系数均0.999,定量限为1.0μg/ml~1.2μg/ml。平均回收率为85%~115%;日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均≤5.470%。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,适用于大枣中齐墩果酸、熊果酸、环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定功能食品中绿原酸、白藜芦醇、葛根素和芦荟甙

[目的]建立同时快速测定功能食品中绿原酸、白藜芦醇、葛根素和芦荟甙的高效液相色谱法。[方法]样品经甲醇超声提取,提取液经甲醇-水(20︰80)稀释并高速离心后,上清液供HPLC分析。色谱柱为Kinetex C18柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.6μm),柱温25℃,采用甲醇-0.15%冰乙酸水溶液作流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.60 ml/min,紫外检测。[结果]本法线性范围上限至少为2μg,相关系数大于0.999,检出限0.15～0.72 ng,平均回收率99.6%～113%。[结论]该法简便快速、准确灵敏,可用于功能食品中绿原酸、白藜芦醇、葛根素和芦荟甙的同时测定。     

肥胖及超重儿童血浆抗氧化维生素的测定

[目的]建立血浆中维生素A、维生素E含量测定方法。[方法]用高效液相色谱法进行分析。色谱柱为C18柱(5μm,4.6mm×250mm),流动相为甲醇︰水(98︰2),检测波长维生素A325nm、维生素E292nm。[结果]维生素A、维生素E分离良好,维生素A的浓度在0～10μg/ml,维生素E的浓度在0～15μg/ml的范围内有良好的线性(维生素A的R2=0.9997,维生素E的R2=0.9990);回收率在95%～103%之间(RSD﹤5.0%);日内、日间稳定性好(RSD﹤5.0%)。[结论]方法稳定,简便易行,快速准确,可作为血浆中维生素A、维生素E含量测定方法。     

填充柱气相色谱法同时对空气中正己烷、苯系物、酯类、酮类的快速测定

[目的]建立用不锈钢填充柱快速对工作场所空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙酸丁酯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的气相色谱同时测定方法。[方法]采用活性碳管吸附空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙酸丁酯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯,由二硫化碳溶剂解吸、进样,经2m×4mm不锈钢柱填充料FFAP︰6201红色担体=5︰100填充柱分离测定,柱温初始40℃保持1.5min,以20℃/min升温至50℃保持3min,再以10℃/min升温至100℃保持2min,直接进样。[结果]正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙酸丁酯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的保留时间分别为0.868、2.00、2.88、4.95、6.81、3.39、5.76、8.21、9.08min;线性范围分别为8.33～266.7μg/ml、8.44～270.0μg/ml、7.50～240.0μg/ml、9.38～300.0μg/ml、9.58～306.7μg/ml、7.70～246.4μg/ml、7.42～237.6μg/ml、8.92～285.6μg/ml、5.98～191.2μg/ml;检出限分别为:0.3、6.8、4.0、1.0、0.5、0.7、1.2、2.5、2.5μg/ml;相关系数分别为:0.9993、0.9992、0.9993、0.9998、0.9998、0.9998、0.9998、0.9998、0.9998。[结论]该气相色谱方法适合对工作场所空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、乙酸丁酯、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的同时快速测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中齐墩果酸、熊果酸

目的建立保健食品中齐墩果酸、熊果酸含量测定的高效液相色谱法。方法样品经恰当的溶剂超声提取,以甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液流动相,在流速为0.7 ml/min时经反相色谱柱分离,210 nm处检测,用外标法定量。结果齐墩果酸、熊果酸的浓度为10.0μg/ml~400μg/ml时,线性关系良好,相关系数(r)0.999,检出限分别为1.0 mg/kg、0.60 mg/kg,定量限分别为3.3 mg/kg、2.0 mg/kg。在0.25 mg/g、0.50 mg/g及0.80 mg/g 3种加标浓度下,齐墩果酸、熊果酸的加标回收率分别为88.5%~99.5%。对某一保健食品进行6次测定,齐墩果酸、熊果酸的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%、5.7%。结论本方法快速、灵敏、准确、重现性好,适用于测定保健食品中齐墩果酸与熊果酸。     

贵州不同产地红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量测定

目的:测定贵州不同产地的红土茯苓中指标性成分薯蓣皂苷元。方法:采用RP-HPLC法测定红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量,色谱条件为依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(5μm,4.6×250mm),流动相甲醇—0.2%磷酸(76∶24),流速1.0ml/min;检测波长203nm,柱温30℃,薯蓣皂苷元理论塔板数不得低于5000。结果:在此色谱条件下,薯蓣皂苷元在0.010525～2.105μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率(n=9)为100.4%(RSD=1.85%),贵州不同产地的红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量在0.0024%～0.0035%之间。结论:RP-HPLC法简单易行,专属性强,准确度高,重复性好,可作为红土茯苓药材内在质量控制方法。     

气相色谱法测定纯净水中痕量三氯甲烷和四氯化碳

[目的 ]探讨纯净水中痕量三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的测定方法。 [方法 ]色谱条件 ,SE -3 0填充柱、柱温 60℃、N2 3 0ml min、ECD检测器。 [结果 ]检测下限 ,三氯甲烷为 0 2 μg L ,四氯化碳为 0 0 1μg L ,回收率为 85 %～ 115 % ,相对偏差 (RSD) <10 %。 [结论 ]与GB 5 75 0— 85法相比 ,灵敏度提高 ,检测下限大为降低 ,并具有简便、快速的优点。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.