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1.
2012年医院感染现患率调查分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的了解某院医院感染发病情况及抗菌药物使用情况。方法采取横断面调查的方法,调查2012年10月23—24日时间段内某一日0∶00—24∶00所有住院患者,判断有无感染、感染类型、抗菌药物使用情况及病原学送检情况。结果共调查住院患者903例,发生医院感染30例,30例次,医院感染现患率为3.32%;医院感染现患率最高的科室为重症监护室(33.33%),感染部位以下呼吸道(占63.34%)为主;抗菌药物使用率为54.60%;治疗性使用抗菌药物细菌培养送检率为27.32%,医院感染的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌。结论医院感染现患率调查有助于了解全院医院感染发生及抗菌药物使用情况,便于医院感染管理及临床医务人员针对相关科室采取预防与控制措施,减少医院感染的发生。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解医院感染现患率、危险因素和横断面抗菌药物的使用情况,为医院感染控制工作提供依据。方法于2010年9月28日0∶00-24∶00采用横断面调查方法,床边与病例调查相结合,对全院住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果实查住院患者585例,实查率100.00%,发生医院感染18例,现患率3.08%,例次感染19例,例次感染率3.25%;呼吸科占9.25%,肿瘤科占7.50%,是医院感染的高发科室;感染部位以下呼吸道居首位占63.16%;老年患者、住院时间长是医院感染的危险因素;抗菌药物使用率偏高,治疗用药前微生物送检率低。结论应加强对感染高危科室的感染监控和下呼吸道感染的干预,加强抗菌药物合理使用的管理,减低医院感染率。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解住院患者医院感染基本情况,提高医护人员预防控制医院感染意识。方法按全国医院感染监控网的要求,采用横断面于2010年9月18日0:00-24:00对住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果调查住院患者884例,27例发生医院感染,医院感染现患率为3.05%;感染部位以下呼吸道居首位,ICU、神经外科为高发科室,与手术、使用呼吸机、气管插管、气管切开、泌尿道插管等因素密切相关。结论根据结果有针对性地采取措施,加强病原学检测,为有效预防和降低医院感染提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解某院医院感染现患率,评价医院感染日常监测资料的可靠性和准确性。方法根据2008年全国医院感染监控网横断面调查要求,采取横断面调查方法,对调查日0∶00—24∶00的所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,填写统一的个案调查表,并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果 2010年6月9日和2011年4月8日两次共调查住院患者1 196例,实查率分别为97.04%和97.58%;医院感染现患率分别为6.27%和6.11%,略高于当月医院感染发病率(5.01%、5.54%)。医院感染部位以下呼吸道(66.27%)为主,其次是泌尿道(13.25%)和上呼吸道(7.23%)等。结论开展医院感染现患率调查有利于了解医院感染现状和提高日常监测工作质量,并针对医院感染率较高的科室进行重点监测及干预,采取有效措施降低医院感染率。  相似文献   

5.
目的了解住院患者医院感染情况,为住院患者感染预防和控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法 ,床旁与病历调查相结合,对2013年7月18日0∶00-24∶00所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果当日全院住院患者601例,实查601例,实查率为100.0%;医院感染20例、24例次,现患率3.33%、例次感染率3.99%;感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,占58.33%;ICU是医院例次感染率最高的科室,为33.33%;病原学检查送检率为66.67%,共检出病原菌18株,其中革兰阴性菌11株占61.11%;抗菌药物使用率为39.27%,治疗用药使用率为63.98%,预防用药使用率为36.02%,一联用药占72.88%,二联用药占25.85%,三联及以上用药占1.27%;医院感染与患者年龄、气管切开、泌尿道插管等因素有关(P<0.05)。结论通过现患率调查结果 ,有针对性地开展相关监测,及时采取控制、预防措施,规范抗菌药物的合理使用,提高病原学送检率,可有效降低医院现患率。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解某肿瘤医院医院感染现患率及抗菌药物的使用情况,为提高医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。方法采取床旁询问病史、体格检查与病历调查相结合的方法,对该院2011年9月15日0∶00-24∶00的所有住院患者进行调查。结果调查当日应查住院患者325例,实查321例,实查率98.77%。发生医院感染15例,16例次,医院感染现患率为4.67%,例次现患率为4.98%。现患率较高的科室有化疗一科(19.05%)、妇瘤科(14.29%)、中医科(10.00%)和呼吸科(4.44%)。抗菌药物当日使用率为47.98%(154/321)。医院感染部位以下呼吸道居首位,占37.50%;其次为皮肤软组织(18.75%)和胃肠道(12.50%)。结论医院感染现患率调查有利于了解医院感染发生情况,加强对高危科室的目标性监测和进一步规范抗菌药物的使用。  相似文献   

7.
目的:了解住院患者医院感染现状,为制定医院感染预防控制措施提供依据。方法对某医院2013年10月3日0∶00—24∶00所有住院患者,通过床旁调查及查阅电子病历相结合的方式,进行医院感染调查并填写统一的调查表。结果本次应调查住院患者3538例,实际调查3486例,实查率98.53%。发现医院感染患者74例,医院感染现患率为2.12%。ICU 病房、外科和神经科是医院感染的高发科室;患者医院感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占54.05%,其次为泌尿道感染;最常见的医院感染病原菌依次是不动杆菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌;当日全院抗菌药物使用率为72.06%,其中治疗用药占69.94%,一联用药占76.95%;病原菌送检率为44.35%。结论通过医院感染现患调查,可以基本反映医院感染的现状及特点,并有针对性地采取干预措施,从而有效降低医院感染的发生。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解某院住院患者医院感染现状,为医院感染的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法对该院2011年7月28日0∶00-24∶00所有住院患者,采用床旁调查和查阅病历相结合的方法进行医院感染横断面调查,并分析结果。结果应调查住院患者833例,实际调查818例,实查率为98.20%;发生医院感染46例,46例次,医院感染现患率和例次感染现患率均为5.62%。医院感染部位构成比居前3位者依次为泌尿道(54.35%,25/46)、下呼吸道(30.43%,14/46)、表浅切口(8.70%,4/46)。抗菌药物使用率为27.14%(222/818),病原学送检率为17.58%(32/182)。结论医院感染现患率调查有助于了解医院感染的发生情况和针对性地开展目标性监测,采取预防控制措施。  相似文献   

9.
医院感染现患率调查分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
目的了解医院感染的实际情况与影响因素,为进一步制定医院感染监控措施有效开展目标性监测提供依据。方法以医院感染专职人员为主,抽调临床医院感染管理小组兼职人员协同,调查2009年8月26日0∶00-24∶00所有住院患者,采用床旁调查和查阅病历相结合的方法,将所有调查结果进行统计分析。结果应调查住院患者418例,实际调查408例,实查率97.61%,发生医院感染现患率为3.43%;感染部位以泌尿道为首,占50.00%;抗菌药物使用率为40.69%。结论医院感染现患率调查快速有效,能及时发现存在问题并为有效开展医院感染目标性监测提供依据。  相似文献   

10.
377例住院患者医院感染现患率调查与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解医院感染现患率和抗菌药物使用状况。方法于2009年12月22日0∶00-24∶00采用横断面调查方法,床旁与病历调查相结合,将调查结果进行统计分析。结果实查住院患者377例,医院感染现患率2.12%;下呼吸道是医院感染的主要部位,占62.50%;抗菌药物使用率为62.33%;病原菌送检率为0。结论需加强高危科室医院感染管理,降低呼吸道感染,提高病原学送检率,合理使用抗菌药物,才能有效控制医院感染的发生。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The repeatability and validity of a questionnaire for upper limb and neck complaints were assessed in a population of 105 hospital outpatients with a range of upper limb and neck disorders (including cervical spondylosis, adhesive capsulitis, lateral epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon). Subjects were asked to complete a modified Nordic-style upper limb and neck discomfort questionnaire on two occasions closely spaced in time. The repeatability of their responses was assessed by calculating a kappa coefficient (kappa), and the sensitivity and specificity of component items in the questionnaire were determined for specific diagnostic categories of upper limb and neck disorder. Symptom reports for pain in the upper limb and neck, pain interfering with physical activities, neurological symptoms and blanching were all found to be highly repeatable (kappa = 0.63-0.90). A number of regional pain reports proved to be very sensitive in relation to specific upper limb disorders, but, with the exception of reported finger blanching in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, none proved to have a good specificity (range = 0.33-0.38). We conclude that a modified Nordic-style questionnaire is repeatable and sensitive, and is likely to have a high utility in screening and surveillance. However a complementary examination schedule of adequate specificity and repeatability is essential to establish a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

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