淄博市主要工业噪声作业人员听力损失情况的调查

对淄博市7个行业的22个工业企业噪声作业岗位的噪声强度和噪声作人员的听力情况进行了调查,结果显示纺织行业的听损检出率最高,达32．8％,听损检出率随着噪声作业岗位的等效连续A声级大于85dB(A)所占比例的增加而提高,并且有随着工龄的增加,呈明显增高趋势。     

淄博市主要工业噪声危害状况的调查

目的摸清淄博市主要工业企业的噪声危害状况,探索噪声作业危害的分级方法.方法选择淄博市7个主要工业行业的22个工业企业为调查研究对象,测定生产性噪声强度和噪声作业人员的听力,按照等效连续A声级的大小对噪声作业岗位进行分级.结果淄博市主要工业企业噪声作业点以纺织、冶金、机械制造和水泥建材的噪声强度较高,Ⅱ级以上噪声作业岗位占46.1%.结论噪声作业可以用等效连续A声级来进行分级.     

年等效A声级在油田噪声对听力影响研究中的应用

报道了油田勘探开发作业工人噪声暴露及听力损伤调查结果。运用年等效Ａ声级作为评价不同工作日间歇暴露噪声工作的噪声暴露剂量,显示出油田工人的高频听损发生率和语频听损发生率均与年等效Ａ声级有良好的相关关系。探讨了年等效Ａ声级在噪声危害调查中的应用。     

水泥行业噪声危害状况的调查

对淄博市3个水泥企业的噪声危害状况进行了调查 ,结果显示 ,水泥行业高强度噪声作业所占比例较大 ,有56.9 %的噪声作业岗位等效连续A声级超过了85dB(A) ,各企业的平均等效声级均在86dB(A)以上 ,听损检出率在30 %左右 ,噪声危害比较严重。     

深圳市主要行业职业性噪声危害状况的调查

目的了解深圳市企业生产性噪声的危害状况,为保护劳动者身体健康提供科学依据。方法对深圳市存在噪声危害的86家企业进行横断面流行病学调查,对作业场所中897个噪声作业点的生产性噪声强度进行检测,并对1625名噪声接触者和325名对照人群进行职业健康检查。结果噪声防护措施未能完全落实,作业点噪声强度检测合格率较低（59．2％）,职业健康检查观察组高频听力损伤、神经衰弱、语频听损的检出率均高于对照组,2组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,其中噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为32．9％,语频听力损失率为3．3％,且检出率随着接触时间增加而增加。结论深圳市企业生产性噪声分布广,强度大,预防、控制生产性噪声危害与提高职业性听力损伤的防治水平是深圳市当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点。     

应用平均等效声级评价企业噪声危害的探讨

应用平均等效声级评价企业噪声危害的探讨王龙义李翠波毕先伟夏猛张文崔俊梅本文通过对淄博市９个主要工业行业噪声危害的调查,摸清了全市９个工业行业的噪声危害状况,首次提出并应用了平均等效声级评价企业噪声危害程度,对噪声危害的综合评价指标进行了探索。作者单位...     

某纺织厂噪声作业工人听力损失调查

目的:通过对某纺织厂噪声强度监测和对作业人员的听力检测,掌握噪声强度及听力损失的发生情况,为采取积极有效的防护措施提供依据。方法:用HS6288系列噪声分析仪监测作业场所噪声强度,并进行频谱分析,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);对某纺织厂接触噪声作业的无耳疾患的931人进行听力检测;用EpiData建立数据库,SAS软件8.0统计包进行统计分析。结果:该厂噪声车间的连续等效A声级均超过了85db(A),主要为中高频噪声;噪声作业人员有高频听力损失264人,检出率为28.36%,语频听力损失9人,检出率为0.97%;高频和语频听力损失的发生率均随累积接触噪声剂量的增加而升高;听力损失发生率及程度与工龄密切相关;织一车间和织二车间噪声平均>100dB(A),高频听损率分别为43.68%和42.62%,在强噪声车间作业戴耳塞者高频听损检出率低于不戴耳塞者,但高频听力损失的检出率仍然明显高于其他车间;听力损失曲线以高频凹陷谷点为3kHz及4 kHz的“V”字型为主,占高频听力损失的73.0%。结论:该厂噪声污染较严重,对作业人员听力已经产生了明显影响,应采取积极的综合预防性措施来控制噪声对作业人员健康的影响。     

非稳态噪声对听力损失影响的非线性回归及预测方法

本文报道了５２８名接触非稳态噪声的冷作工，锻工及冲压工听力损失的调查结果，并以接触噪声等效连续Ａ声级７０ｄＢ以下的技术人员９５名作对照。调查结果：作业场所噪声等效连续Ａ声级在８５－１１５ｄＢ，误频听力损失率为２３．０％，高频听力损失率为８３．７％。高频听损和听损发生率与噪声声级和接触噪声工龄密切相关，与对照组相比有极显著性差异。     

德州市玻璃生产行业生产性噪声危害调查

目的 了解玻璃生产行业生产性噪声危害情况，为制定防治对策提供依据。方法 对德州市范围内的玻璃生产行业生产性噪声危害情况进行卫生学现状词查，对作业人员进行体检，并进行统计学分析。结果 在中心声级为95、100dB(A)范围内，随着专业工龄的增加，高频听力损伤及语频听力损伤的检出率均逐步升高，与对照组相比，差异有显著性。结论 加强噪声发生源的改造和治理的同时，加强操作人员的听力保护。     

天津铁路辖区某车轮车间生产性噪声分析

目的通过对天津铁路辖区某车轮车间生产性噪声特点进行分析,确定该车轮车间噪声重点关注岗位,为该企业进行噪声治理、保护工人健康提供依据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查法于2018年9月识别该车轮车间噪声作业岗位,根据国家相关标准对上述作业岗位进行检测,根据噪声作业8 h等效声级测定结果,确定噪声危害作业级别。结果现场调查显示,某车轮车间噪声作业点超标率为9.8%,存在2个轻度危害作业点,1个中度危害作业点,1个重度危害作业点。结论某车轮车间的噪声状况应引起用人单位高度重视,针对存在噪声隐患的作业点应及时为生产工人配备相应噪声防护用品,保障作业人员听力安全。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.