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1.
目的对肺结核病患者生存质量测定量表(PTBS)应用于肺结核患者的反应度进行评价。方法按照国际上公认的量表研制的规范方法编制PTBS量表,并分别在肺结核初复治病人强化期药物治疗前后使用PTBS量表(现场实验版)进行现场问卷调查。结果肺结核初治病人强化治疗前后量表8个方面得分、健康状况及总得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺结核复治病人强化治疗前后量表8个方面中的6个方面得分、健康状况及总得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表明量表可敏感地反映患者治疗前后生存质量的变化。结论研究结果表明PTBS量表具有良好的信度、效度和反应度,该量表可用于肺结核病人生存质量的测定和相关研究。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]目前国内外尚未发现成熟的肺结核病人生存质量专用量表,本研究采用核心讨论组方法,探讨肺结核病人生存质量的构成领域和方面.[方法]深圳市龙岗区和宝安区41名肺结核病人、家属及医务人员按照不同类型分为6个核心讨论组,使用半结构化的形式开展核心讨论.讨论过程进行书面记录和录音,并采用定性分析方法对讨论结果进行分析.[结果]肺结核病人的生存质量主要由4个领域、8个方面构成,分剔为:生理机能(包含一般生理、疾病生理)、心理机能(包含消极心理、治疗心理、歧视感)、社会机能(包含治疗经济、社会支持与环境)及健康教育领域.[结论]肺结核病人生存质量的构成领域和方面除了普适性问题外,还包含了体现肺结核病人特异性的问题,诸如疾病的心理负担、被歧视感、治疗的经济负担及健康教育的需求等.核心讨论组方法有助于构建肺结核病人生存质量测定量表的领域和方面.  相似文献   

3.
唐琴  杜昌庭 《现代预防医学》2012,39(22):5851-5852
目的了解三峡库区肺结核可疑者的结核病知识及相关态度、行为现状,为开展库区结核可疑者的健康教育,提高结核病人发现率提供依据。方法采用目的性抽样的方法,对肺结核可疑者进行面对面问卷调查。结果三峡库区肺结核可疑者结核病知识知晓率为45.8%,其相关政策知晓率为25.3%;不就诊或延迟就诊的现象较严重(33.7%),其就诊的首选医疗机构是村卫生室(46.3%)和乡镇卫生院(35.6%)。结论库区肺结核可疑者的结核病知识及相应的态度、行为有待进一步改善。应加强其对结核病知识的学习和相关的健康促进工作。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]调查医院结核病人归口管理现状,为提高我市肺结核病人发现率,优化结核病人归口管理提供科学依据。[方法]查阅市级医院医务处、保健科、肺科门诊、放射科和肺科住院部的相关文件、结核病登记本或传染病登记本和结核病转诊单等相关资料。检出医院发现的肺结核或疑似肺结核病人,与结核病专报网数据进行核对。[结果]5所市级医院结核病人转诊率68.5%,网络直报率56.7%,转诊到位率67.7%。医院转诊的肺结核或疑似肺结核病人86.2%为活动性病人,传染性结核病人占49.4%。[结论]应重视结核病人归口管理,减少漏报、漏转,加强病人追踪,以提高肺结核病人的发现水平。  相似文献   

5.
糖尿病作为一种高发病率和高致死率的慢性疾病,严重影响患者的生活质量。本研究以检索词"糖尿病(diabetes)""生存质量(health-related quality of life)"于中国知网、PubMed等数据库检索国内外相关文献,围绕国内外糖尿病特异性生存质量量表的研制和信效度调研发现,糖尿病相关生存质量评估量表(audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life,ADDQoL)、糖尿病生存质量量表-39(diabetes 39,D-39)、糖尿病痛苦量表(diabetes distress scale,DDS)、糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(diabetes-specific quality-of-life scale,DSQoLS)、糖尿病问题量表(problem areas in diabetes scale,PAID)和中国糖尿病患者生存质量特异性量表(diabetes specific quality of life scale,DSQL)信效度较好,应用较多。本研究对11种常用量表的测评维度、条目数、计分方法、信效度及耗时等进行总结,其中大多数国外量表是否适合国内人群还有待进一步验证。本研究就目前常用的糖尿病特异性生存质量量表加以介绍,旨在为量表的临床应用提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
农村肺结核病人治疗前后健康教育效果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
富阳市85%的肺结核病人在农村,农村肺结核病人特别是痰涂片阳性的肺结核病人,对结核病相关知识的了解程度以及对治疗的态度将直接影响本地区结核病的控制效果,并与肺结核病的流行密切相关。本次调查以富阳市农村涂阳肺结核病人为对象,于2007年5月至2008年10月进行结核病防治知识和对治疗态度的调查,探讨影响病人得分的因素,评价结核病人健康教育的效果以探讨适合农村肺结核病人的健康教育方法。  相似文献   

7.
张玉琢 《中国保健营养》2012,(18):4144-4145
目的探讨结核病诊断中应用结核分枝杆菌特异性蛋白抗体检测可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-2011年10月年收集的425例肺结核患者、218例肺外结核、78例除结核病以外其他肺部疾病和184例符合入选条件的健康志愿者临床资料。对全部样本进行结核分枝杆菌特异性蛋白抗体检测,对痰结核分支杆菌涂片及培养检查肺结核患者和肺结核肺部疾病。观察检测敏感度和特异度。结果经实验发现,结核分枝杆菌特异性蛋白抗体检测菌阳肺结核敏感度、菌阴性敏感度分别为70.0%和66.3%,肺外结核病75.2%,结核总敏感度66.1%;而至于特异度,除结核病以外其他肺部疾病为79.5%,健康人群为68.4%,结核总敏感度71.8%,以上敏感度和特异度显著高于此前临床预测值。讨论利用结核分枝杆菌特异性蛋白抗体检测诊断结核病有较为显著的敏感度和特异度,但依然存在较高的假阳性率,建议采取多种蛋白抗原联合应用以进一步提高诊断率。  相似文献   

8.
唐有荣 《中国保健营养》2012,(12):2246-2247
据WHO《2011年全球结核病控制报告》:2010年,全球共登记报告了570万例结核病新发和复发病例,2010年,印度和中国占全球登记报告结核病例的40%,可见中国虽然在结核病防治方面取得一些成就,但仍是结核大国,因此加强对结核病的预防、控制至关重要。健康教育是以患者和家属为教育对象,通过有计划、有目的的教育,对患者实施整体护理,使之病情向健康方向发展的一种教育方式。通过对肺结核患者进行健康教育,旨在降低肺结核新发病率,有效控制患者病情,提高患者生活质量。本论文将从影响肺结核患者康复因素、健康教育形式、内容和效果评价等方面进行阐述,以了解健康教育对肺结核患者的重大意义。  相似文献   

9.
随着经济的发展、健康观和医学模式的转变,城镇居民的生存质量越来越受到社会关注。如何改善和提高城镇居民的生存质量关系到社会的稳定和发展。综述了城镇居民与健康相关生存质量的研究成果,对生存质量的有关定义、测定量表、研究进展和影响因素等进行了阐述,并对研究中存在的不足提出相关建议。  相似文献   

10.
目的调查砚山县涂阳结核病人密切接触者结核病筛查情况并分析其相关影响因素。方法随机选取在2011-2013年砚山县所有结核病门诊新登记的涂阳肺结核患者292例,将与其共同居住生活≥6个月的家庭成员作为涂阳肺结核密切接触者,共抽取密切接触者528名作为研究对象,进行问卷调查和就诊信息查询,计算结核病筛查率,并分析其影响因素。结果本地区涂阳结核病人密切接触者结核病筛查率为67.42%(356/528);经单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,家中病人痰检结果(OR=2.241,95%CI=1.378~5.679)、未接受过相关健康宣教(OR=1.736,95%CI=1.102~4.826)、不知晓国家免费政策(OR=1.487,95%CI=1.064~4.362)、不知晓结核病就诊去向(OR=1.264,95%CI=1.031~3.107)和不在乎(OR=1.377,95%CI=1.049~2.894)为影响涂阳肺结核患者密切接触者是否参加筛查的主要因素。结论本地区涂阳结核病人密切接触者结核病筛查率不高,应提高结核病知识及政策的健康宣教,提高筛查率。  相似文献   

11.
Reliability and validity of the sexual life quality questionnaire (SLQQ)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The sexual life quality questionnaire (SLQQ) was developed to evaluate sexual quality of life (QOL) and satisfaction with treatments for erectile dysfunction among patients and their sexual partners. This paper describes the development of the instrument and reports its psychometric properties as observed in two studies involving patients under treatment for erectile dysfunction. The instrument consists of 16 items, 10 of which deal with dimensions of sexual QOL that can be summed to a sexual QOL scale measure. The remaining six items comprise a scale measuring satisfaction with treatment dimensions. The composite sexual QOL and treatment satisfaction scales met established psychometric goals overall and within select subgroups (length of time quartiles, patient/partner). A significant correlation between the treatment satisfaction scale score and the patients' responses to a question asking their likelihood of selecting the method for continued treatment (r: 0.89) showed the measure to be a good indicator of treatment preference. Finally, there were significant differences in sexual QOL scale scores between screening and first treatment, indicating the instrument was responsive and able to detect changes in sexual QOL.  相似文献   

12.
This article describes psychological correlates of quality of life (QOL) in patients on a waiting list for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Variables were selected based on a theoretical model describing psychological correlates of QOL in PTCA patients. This model was based on self-regulation and stress-coping theories. The variables in the model are stress appraisal, coping, coping resources, and general and disease-specific QOL variables. Respondents were 122 patients on a 3-month waiting list for a PTCA. Results indicated that PTCA patients had a poorer QOL than matched healthy controls. Using a path analysis approach to regression analysis, it appeared that goal disturbance, avoidant coping, approach coping, and chest pain were related to QOL. More specifically, chest pain and goal disturbance were only related to health-related QOL and negative affect. Both approach and avoidant coping were related to QOL variables. Results could be explained adequately using self-regulation theory. Recommendations for future research and for form and content of rehabilitation programmes were made. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
Quality of life (QOL) assessment is a key component of many clinical studies and frequently requires the use of single global summary measures that capture the overall balance of findings from a potentially wide-ranging assessment of QOL issues. We propose and evaluate an irregular multilevel latent variable model suitable for use as a global summary tool for health-related QOL assessments. The proposed model is a multiple indicator and multiple cause style of model with a two-level latent variable structure. We approach the modeling from a general multilevel modeling perspective, using a combination of random and nonrandom cluster types to accommodate the mixture of issues commonly evaluated in health-related QOL assessments--overall perceptions of QOL and health, along with specific psychological, physical, social, and functional issues. Using clinical trial data, we evaluate the merits and application of this approach in detail, both for mean global QOL and for change from baseline. We show that the proposed model generally performs well in comparing global patterns of treatment effect and provides more precise and reliable estimates than several common alternatives such as selecting from or averaging observed global item measures. A variety of computational methods could be used for estimation. We derived a closed-form expression for the marginal likelihood that can be used to obtain maximum likelihood parameter estimates when normality assumptions are reasonable. Our approach is useful for QOL evaluations aimed at pharmacoeconomic or individual clinical decision making and in obtaining summary QOL measures for use in quality-adjusted survival analyses.  相似文献   

14.
Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) can have a serious impact on various life domains and may lead to physical, mental and social impairment and consequently to poor quality of life (QOL). This study compared the QOL of ED patients and former ED patients in a large community based sample to the QOL of a normal reference group and to the QOL of patients with mood disorders. Differences between ED diagnostic groups were examined. The study investigated what factors contribute to QOL.Methods: A generic health-related quality of life questionnaire, the Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire were administered to 156 ED patients – 44 anorexia nervosa patients, 43 bulimia nervosa patients, 69 eating disorder not otherwise specified patients – and 148 former ED patients.Results: ED patients reported significantly poorer QOL than a normal reference group. No differences were found between the diagnostic groups. Former ED patients still had poorer QOL than a normal reference group. ED patients reported significantly poorer QOL than patients with mood disorders. Self esteem contributed most to QOL.Conclusion: EDs have a severe impact on many domains of QOL. Therefore QOL needs to be addressed in effectiveness research and clinical practice.  相似文献   

15.
赵蓉  向莹君 《实用预防医学》2012,19(11):1636-1638
目的探讨结核病患者生存质量和社会支持的相关情况。方法采用现况研究,分别使用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)和社会支持评定量表,利用典型相关分析分析结核病患者生存质量和社会支持的相关性。结果结核病患者生存质量总体得分为(66.73±11.52),社会支持总分为(36.28±5.32),生存质量与社会支持之间的典型相关系数为0.697,社会支持变异的16.1%与生存质量有关,生存质量变异的27.2%与社会支持有关。结论社会支持是结核病患者生存质量的重要影响因素,应有针对性地给予其充足的社会支持,改善其主观感受,从而提高生存质量。  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this review is to present and discuss the quality of life (QOL) construct, more specifically the QOL in the field of health and disease also designated as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). QOL is an everyday language concept with a relatively short history in the health field. It became a principal end-point in health care as a consequence of the development of patients' rights movements. It is important for clinical, economic and political decisions. There is no gold standard way to measure QOL and the existence of a huge number of measures and related QOL concepts makes it difficult to discuss QOL. This means that many times we are using the same expression "QOL" but we are not talking about the same thing. So we submit that it is important to keep looking for the good construct and the good measure. The reason why we decide to evaluate QOL influences the measures we choose. In general, QOL measures are based on questionnaires that must be short and easy to answer. The interest in these kind of soft measures (in opposition to the traditional hard physiologically or biochemically oriented measures) is growing fast.  相似文献   

17.

Background/purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of denial coping on quality of life (QOL) over time among individuals living with HIV, as denial has been understudied as a coping strategy within the literature on HIV/AIDS.

Methods

In a sample of 65 adult men and women, we used multilevel linear modeling to test trajectories of change in physical and mental health-related QOL across baseline, 3, 6, and 12?months, including denial as a predictor and gender as a moderator.

Results

The use of denial coping was associated with lower physical and mental health-related QOL at baseline. Denial coping predicted an increase in QOL over time, though QOL remained low in those who practiced denial coping. Men??s baseline mental health-related QOL was more negatively affected by denial coping than women??s. Women tended to increase in QOL more slowly over time compared to men.

Conclusion

Reliance on denial as a coping strategy is associated with poorer physical and mental health-related QOL in an HIV-positive population, though participants who engaged in denial also displayed more rapid improvement in their QOL over time. Men and women displayed different rates of improvement in QOL, indicating a need for gender-based treatment approaches. Future research should examine the complex role of denial on change in QOL.  相似文献   

18.
This paper examines whether menopausal status is associated with global quality of life (QOL) among women aged 40-55 and whether this association varies by race/ethnicity. We further examine the contributions of other health-related and psychosocial factors to QOL and whether these associations vary by racial/ethnic group. Analyses are based on 13,874 women who participated in the multi-ethnic, multi-race study of mid-aged women called the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Study participants completed a 15-min telephone or in-person interview that contained questions on a variety of health-related topics. Items of interest for these analyses include global QOL, menstrual history (to assess menopausal status), sociodemographics, health status, lifestyle, and psychosocial variables. Results showed that in unadjusted analyses, early perimenopausal women reported lower QOL compared with premenopausal women, but menopausal status was no longer associated with QOL when analyses were adjusted for other variables. In multivariable models, being married and having low levels of perceived stress were associated with better QOL across all racial/ethnic groups. While there were many consistencies across racial/ethnic groups, we also found that the nature of the associations between QOL and education, marital status, perceived stress and social support varied across racial/ethnic groups.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Although there is increasing recognition that quality of life (QOL) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are important outcome variables in clinical trials for children with cerebral palsy, there are substantial limitations in existing measures of QOL. This study identify themes of QOL for children with cerebral palsy and their parents to guide the development of a new condition-specific QOL scale. METHODS: A qualitative study of parent and child views on QOL composition was conducted, using a grounded theory framework. Families participated in semistructured interviews on QOL until thematic saturation was reached (n = 28 families). RESULTS: Overall, 13 themes emerged from the interviews: physical health, body pain and discomfort, daily living tasks, participation in regular physical and social activities, emotional well-being and self-esteem, interaction with the community, communication, family health, supportive physical environment, future QOL, provision of, and access to services, financial stability, and social well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Research with parents and children with cerebral palsy, representative of severity across the disease spectrum and socio-economic status, reinforced and expanded on the traditional themes that have underpinned QOL measurement development. This has implications not only for the development of a new QOL scale for children with cerebral palsy, but also for clinical interventions and community care management.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this paper was to clarify the concept of quality of life (QOL) and to identify appropriate goals for future studies on the QOL of patients with schizophrenia, by historically review of the literature. First, the concept of QOL was discussed. With the recent move to attach more importance to outcomes in health services, more attention has been paid to QOL as an indicator of patients' perceived outcomes, and many studies on QOL have been published since 1990. Although definitions of QOL differ from researcher to researcher, four fundamental characteristics are identified: 1) QOL is based on the response from the patient himself/herself, 2) it is the subjective experience of the patient, 3) its index is multifactorial, and 4) scores for QOL change with time. Next, the QOL models of Bigelow, Lehman, and Skantze and Malm were reviewed as models of the QOL of patients with schizophrenia, and seven QOL scales were also discussed. Last, studies on the QOL of community residents with schizophrenia retrieved from the Medline and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina databases for 1992 to 2002 were examined. The strategy used for the search was "Quality of Life, psychiatric". As a result, patients with schizophrenia had lower total QOL scores compared to non-disabled persons and patients with depression. Factors associated with their QOL were personal characteristics, lifestyle, negative symptoms, mental symptoms, adjustment (to relations with family, friends and others), social support, self-esteem, autonomy. Results indicated that a longitudinal study is needed to clarify the relationship between these factors and QOL affected by psychological variables of the patient and develop effective psychosocial intervention necessary in the care of patients with schizophrenia.  相似文献   

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