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1.
双生子卡特尔人格因素与血液生化指标的相关研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的探讨双生子血液生化指标与卡特尔人格的相关,并了解遗传与环境因素对人格的影响。方法利用遗传流行病学方法调查青岛市89对24岁以上的双生子,并进行卡特尔人格测试。结果多项血液生化指标与卡特尔人格因素存在相关或负相关,但是相关程度较弱(相关系数绝对值<0.30)。敢为性(H)、忧虑性(0)、紧张性(Q4)3个因子MZ的相关系数大于DZ,它们的遗传度分别为0.46,0.45,0.44。而世故性因子(N)DZ的相关系数大于MZ。结论卡特尔个性心理特征与血液生化指标有相关性,但是血液生化指标只提供人类心理活动的基本环境,它们的水平并不决定人的个性心理特征。另外,因子H、0、Q4受遗传因素作用的倾向要比环境因素大。而因子N主要受后天环境因素的影响,受遗传作用的倾向比较小。  相似文献   

2.
双生子艾森克人格与血液生化指标的相关性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
[目的]了解双生子艾森克人格特点及遗传因素对艾森克人格的影响,探讨血液生化指标与艾森克人格的相关性。[方法]2001年12月对青岛市89对24岁以上的双生子(同卵55对,异卵34对)进行艾森克人格测试,检测37项血液生化指标,并进行相关分析。[结果]同卵双胞胎之间在N(情绪稳定性)因子的相关系数高于异卵双胞胎,N因子的遗传度为o.45。人格因素中只有N因子与几项生化指标有相关关系(r<o.30)。[结论]艾森克人格因素中的N因子受遗传作用的倾向较大,血液生化指标水平并不决定人的个性心理特征。  相似文献   

3.
[目的 ]了解双生子艾森克人格特点及遗传因素对艾森克人格的影响 ,探讨血液生化指标与艾森克人格的相关性。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 1年 12月对青岛市 89对 2 4岁以上的双生子 (同卵 5 5对 ,异卵 3 4对 )进行艾森克人格测试 ,检测 3 7项血液生化指标 ,并进行相关分析。 [结果 ]同卵双胞胎之间在N(情绪稳定性 )因子的相关系数高于异卵双胞胎 ,N因子的遗传度为 0 45。人格因素中只有N因子与几项生化指标有相关关系 (r <0 3 0 )。 [结论 ]艾森克人格因素中的N因子受遗传作用的倾向较大 ,血液生化指标水平并不决定人的个性心理特征。  相似文献   

4.
目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)双生子的2型糖尿病分布特征, 为揭示遗传和环境因素对2型糖尿病的影响提供线索和依据。方法 CNTR 2010-2018年项目登记的所有双生子中, 纳入≥30岁且有完整登记信息的18 855对双生子作为研究对象。采用随机效应模型描述2型糖尿病的人群、地区分布特征以及对内一致性的分布。结果研究对象年龄(42.8±10.2)岁, 同卵双生子(MZ)10 339对, 异卵双生子(DZ)8 516对。全人群中2型糖尿病报告患病率为2.2%, MZ和DZ报告患病率差异无统计学意义。双生子对内分析发现2型糖尿病MZ同病率为38.2%, DZ为16.0%, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.001), 在不同性别、年龄和地区中MZ同病率均大于DZ(P<0.05)。进一步分层分析, 在北方, 仅在<60岁人群中发现MZ同病率大于DZ(P<0.05);而南方, ≥60岁男性MZ同病率也大于DZ(P<0.05)。结论本研究的双生子人群2型糖尿病报告患病率低于一般人群, 在不同性别、年龄和地区中均提示遗传因素在2型糖尿病中起作用, 但其作用大小可能不...  相似文献   

5.
<正> 要认识遗传因素和环境因素对人类生长发育各种性状与疾病的影响,较好的方法是双生子研究,即双生子法(twinmethod)。双生子有同卵双生子(简称:MZ)和异卵双生子(简称:DZ)两种,同卵双生子在遗传上基因完全相同,而异卵双生子在遗传上50%的基因相同(遗传关系同于一般兄弟姊妹)。所以,可根据同、异卵双生子一  相似文献   

6.
目的 分析3~6岁幼儿体型各因子的遗传度,探讨遗传与环境因素对其体型发育的影响.方法 采用Heath-Carter体型法对72对3~6岁同性别双生子[同卵双生子(MZ)42对,异卵双生子(DZ)30对]的体型进行分析,用Holzinger公式估算体型各因子遗传度.结果 二维空间的体型离散距离(SDD)和三维空间体型位置距离(SAD)显示,MZ的体型较DZ更为接近;体型各因子对间方差在2类双生子间均无明显差异,中因子和外因子的对内方差DZ均明显大于MZ、组内相关系数MZ均明显大于DZ;内、中、外3个因子的遗传度分别为0.38、0.67、0.73.结论 遗传与环境因素对3~6岁幼儿体型发育均有一定影响,内因子主要受环境影响,中、外因子受遗传因素影响较大.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨女性青春期发育前后血清雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)的变化趋势.评价遗传与环境因素相对效应。方法以学校登记为基础募集6~18岁女性双生子180对,其中同卵双生子(MZ)132对,异卵双生子(DZ)48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,放免法测定空腹血清雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)浓度。结果血清E2和T浓度随青春期进程而增高,Tanner Ⅳ期达高峰.Tanner Ⅴ期略有下降;遗传效应分析显示。双生子血清E2和T偶内平均差、偶内方差为MZ〈DZ(P〈0.05).组内相关系数为MZ〉DZ;表型方差中归因于加性遗传因素的部分分别为40%(E2)和47%(T);分期估计遗传度显示E2和T均为已来潮组遗传度高于乳房未发育组和未来潮组。结论青春期女性血清E2和T同时受遗传和环境因素的影响。月经来潮后遗传因素的作用显著。  相似文献   

8.
双生子儿童贫血状况分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的通过分析双生子儿童贫血状况和贫血同病率,探讨其遗传和环境效应.方法选取5~19岁双生子228对,其中MZ(单卵双生子)142对,DZ(二卵双生子)86对,在DNA卵性鉴定基础上,以成对法计算同病一致率、调整BMI前后组内相关系数及遗传度.结果双生子儿童贫血检出率与一般人群无明显差异,贫血同病一致率分别为MZ 0.28,DZ 0.15,Hb(血红蛋白)遗传度为0.23.调整BMI前后MZ与DZ组内相关系数和遗传度无显著变化.结论儿童贫血状态受遗传及环境因素共同影响,环境效应更明显.  相似文献   

9.
目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子冠心病的分布特征, 探索我国双生子人群中冠心病的分布规律, 为遗传和环境对于冠心病的作用提供线索和依据。方法基于2010-2018年在CNTR进行登记的双生子, 纳入≥18岁34 583对双生子进行分析, 描述冠心病的人群、地区分布特征, 分别计算同卵双生子(MZ)和异卵双生子(DZ)的冠心病同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄(34.2±12.4)岁, 本研究双生子冠心病患病率为0.7%, 女性、年龄较高、北方、肥胖者中冠心病患病率更高。同性别双生子对内分析发现, MZ冠心病同病率为25.3%, DZ为7.4%, MZ高于DZ且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001), 冠心病的遗传度为19.3%(95%CI:11.8%~26.8%)。在不同性别、年龄、地区分层中, 均有MZ的冠心病同病率大于DZ的趋势, 女性、北方、18~30岁人群和≥60岁人群中, 冠心病的遗传度更高。结论本研究双生子人群冠心病的分布存在人群和地区差异, 冠心病受到遗传因素的影响, 但在不同特征的人群中遗传效应大小可能不同。  相似文献   

10.
双生子指纹的遗传流行病学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨双生子手肤纹类型特点以及遗传与环境因素对手纹的影响。方法:利用遗传流行病学方法研究济宁市区60对双生子的指纹纹型。结果:在41对同卵双生(MZ)子及19对异卵双生(DZ)子的各类指纹纹型中以斗型纹最常见,其次为尺箕,弓型纹、桡箕最少。指纹效型的遗传度为0.5506。总指嵴纹计数(TFRC)和绝对总指嵴纹数(AFRC)的遗传度分别为0.8316、0.7616。结论:指纹纹型及指纹嵴数主要受遗传因素的影响。  相似文献   

11.
Lifestyle factors in monozygotic and dizygotic twins   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In examining genetic influences on biological variables using twins, it may be important to examine the distribution between and within twin pairs of demographic and lifestyle factors that may themselves affect the biological variable being studied. We explored the distribution of demographic and lifestyle factors that may affect blood lipid levels or ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk among a sample of 106 monozygotic (MZ) and 94 like-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. In our sample, MZ twins were statistically significantly different from DZ twins only in marital status, cigarette smoking habits, and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S ratio) in their dietary intake. The latter variable was among many dietary variables examined (using 4-day weighed food diaries), and the size of the difference in intake was small. When comparisons were made of the similarities within twin pairs, we found members of MZ twin pairs to be statistically significantly closer than DZ twins in educational achievement, occupation, cigarette smoking, and exercise habits, and the number of days a week on which alcohol was consumed. These last three variables were consistently closer among twins with closer contact than among those with a smaller degree of current shared environment. For 12 of the 13 nutrients examined, the within-pair correlations were higher for MZ than for DZ twins, although our test for significant genetic variance showed statistical significance only for intake of complex carbohydrates. We conclude that MZ twins share demographic and lifestyle factors that might influence the risk of IHD and blood lipid levels to a greater degree than do DZ twins, although it is difficult to say if these similarities in lifestyle result from genetic influences or not. Nevertheless, ascribing differences between correlations in MZ and DZ twin pairs for lipid levels as being purely "genetic"--as implicit in conventional measures of heritability--is likely to overestimate the influence of genetic factors.  相似文献   

12.
双生子的血清脂质和脂蛋白遗传度及影响因素分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的 分析儿童、青少年的血脂指标遗传度及影响因素。方法 选择 5~ 19岁双生子2 36对 ,平均年龄 (11 2± 3 4 )岁 ,其中同卵双生子 14 3对 ,异卵双生子 93对。在DNA卵性鉴定基础上 ,以组内相关系数法及Falconer公式计算调整年龄性别前后的遗传度 ,偏态数据进行对数转换 ;校正年龄性别 ,分析相关体格、生化指标对血脂的影响。结果 同卵与异卵双生子间甘油三酯对内方差及相关系数的差异均无显著性 ;总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和脂蛋白 (a)对内方差及相关系数的差异有显著性 ,遗传度估计值分别为 0 5 6、0 5 5、0 4 9和 0 5 8,调整年龄性别后各指标估计遗传度分别为 0 6 3、0 6 3、0 5 5和 0 6 4。总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白(a)与年龄呈负相关 ;女孩的总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C稍高于男孩。校正年龄性别后除脂蛋白 (a)外各血脂指标多数与体重指数、体脂率及培利迪西指数相关 ,与血压、血糖和血钙等也有相关性。结论 总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白 (a)受遗传因素影响较大 ,而甘油三酯主要受环境因素影响。儿童的血脂水平受年龄和性别的影响 ,与反映体脂和机体营养发育的指标相关。  相似文献   

13.
Questionnaire information on smoking habits in pregnancy was collated in 341 monozygotic (MZ) and 321 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pair cases from a population-based Norwegian Twin Panel. In a multifactorial model, the intra-pair correlation in smoking was 0.797 (+/- 0.042) in monozygotic (MZ) and 0.443 (+/- 0.075) in dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, indicating a substantial genetic influence on liability to smoke in pregnancy. The questionnaire information was linked with birth records in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, and birth weights of offspring of 62 MZ and 100 DZ smoking-discordant twin pairs were studied. Offspring of smoking MZ twins weighed 127 g less than birth order matched offspring of the non-smoking co-twins. This finding is additional evidence that smoking is a direct cause of reduced birth weight in offspring.  相似文献   

14.
Despite the increasing scientific evidence for a causal role of tobacco smoking in lung cancer and coronary heart disease, critics, several decades ago, put forward an alternative hypothesis. The constitutional hypothesis has stated that there are genetic or other common factors, which predispose both to smoking and disease, but that the two are not causally related. A critical test of this hypothesis is the study of disease in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs in which one smokes and the other never has. Earlier twin studies found only small differences in the mortality of smoking and nonsmoking twins of discordant pairs. In the Finnish Twin Cohort, a population-based panel of adult like-sexed twin pairs, a questionnaire study carried in 1975 permitted identification of twin pairs discordant for cigarette smoking. The nonsmoking cotwins had never been regular smokers. The smoking twins were divided into 1278 current smokers [CS; 143 MZ and 598 dizygotic (DZ) males and 171 MZ and 585 DZ females] and 1210 former smokers (FS; 129 MZ and 408 DZ males and 113 MZ and 341 DZ females). Exposure to tobacco was much higher among males; over 25% of men smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily compared to less than 10% of women. Follow-up of mortality yielded data on time and cause of death. Analyzing on first deaths from concordant pairs, there were 13 deaths in the smokers of male CS MZ pairs and 1 death in the nonsmoking cotwins (relative risk = 13.0, P less than 0.01). Excess mortality was also found for male CS DZ smokers (RR = 2.43, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Moderate heritability for skeletal muscle strength has been reported in twin studies, but genetic co-variation between muscle strength at different parts of body and body size is not well known. Further, representativeness of twin cohorts needs to be critically evaluated. Height, weight, elbow flexion, hand grip and knee extension strength were measured in young adulthood in 1,139,963 Swedish men born between 1951 and 1976. We identified 154,970 full-brother pairs and 1582 monozygotic (MZ) and 1864 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) complete twin pairs. The data were analyzed using quantitative genetic modeling for twin and family data. Twins compared to singletons and MZ twins compared to DZ twins were shorter, lighter and had lower muscle strength. In singletons, there was more variation in weight and the strength measures compared to twins with known zygosity but not when compared to twins with unknown zygosity. Full-sib correlations for these traits were lower than DZ correlations. Additive genetic factors explained 81% of variation in height, 59% in body mass index and 50-60% in the strength measures. Additive genetic correlations varied from 0.13 between height and elbow flexion strength to 0.78 between elbow flexion and hand grip strength. Our results suggest that extra variation may exist in general populations not found in twin samples, probably because of selection due to non-participation. This may have inflated heritability estimates in previous twin studies. Nonetheless, we showed that genetic factors affect muscle strength and part of these genes are common to different strength indicators and body size.  相似文献   

16.
Twin study of genetic and environmental effects on lipid levels   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A study of 106 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 94 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins tested the hypothesis that part of the previously described genetic influence on blood lipid levels can be ascribed to closer similarities among MZ than among DZ twin pairs in environmental factors that affect lipid levels. Participants were adult twin volunteers (age 17-66; 64 male and 136 female pairs) who were selected from the NH & MRC Twin Registry or were respondents to advertisements. They completed a 4-day weighed food diary from which mean nutrient intake was derived. Information on lifestyle and demographic variables was obtained by questionnaire and a nonfasting blood sample was taken for measures of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2). Estimates of the heritability of sex-adjusted lipid levels were 0.72 for total cholesterol, 0.79 for HDL cholesterol, 0.69 for HDL2, 0.20 for HDL3, 1.06 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.44 for sex-adjusted BMI. In all cases except for HDL3, genetic variance was statistically significant. After adjusting for the effects of environmental variables in three different ways, the estimates of heritability were somewhat lower for total cholesterol, HDL2, and BMI, and those for HDL cholesterol (borderline) and LDL cholesterol (definitely) remained statistically significant but were decreased. A genetic influence on HDL3 was not found. Adjusted heritability estimates obtained from one method of analysis were 0.35 for total cholesterol, 0.49 for HDL, 0.04 for HDL2, -0.34 for HDL3, 0.66 for LDL, and 0.32 for BMI. These results suggest that the assumptions made in the classical twin study approach are not appropriate when examining genetic effects on lipid levels or BMI, or indeed on any biological variable that may be affected by environmental factors that tend to be more similar in MZ twins than in DZ twins. In these circumstances, more complex models may be needed to differentiate between genetic and environmental influences.  相似文献   

17.
This paper examines genetic contribution to suicidal behaviors and other risk factors associated with suicidal behavior among adolescents in the U.S. Using adolescent twin data in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=1448), we compared concordance in suicidal ideation and attempt among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Heritability of risk factors for suicidal behaviors also was examined using Pearson correlation and mixed-model analyses. A trend of higher concordance in suicidal ideation and attempt was found among MZ than DZ twins but the difference was not statistically significant by the stringent test of bootstrapping analysis. Evidence of heritability was found for several suicide risk factors. The percentage of variance explained by heritability was larger among female twins for depression, aggression, and quantity of cigarettes smoked in comparison to heritability estimates for male twins. However, estimated heritability was larger among male than female twins for alcohol use and binge drinking. Heritability influence was negligible among both sexes for other drug use. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors among adolescents may be heritable. Gender differences found in the heritability of some suicide risk factors suggest these genetic contributions are gender specific. Future research examining potential interactions between expression of genetic influence and particular environmental contexts may enhance prevention and intervention efforts.  相似文献   

18.
The genetic influence on susceptibility to diseases of the respiratory system and all-cause mortality was studied using data for identical (MZ) and fraternal (DZ) twins. Data from the Danish Twin Register include 1344 MZ and 2411 DZ male twin pairs and 1470 MZ and 2730 DZ female twin pairs born between 1870 and 1930, where both individuals were alive on 1 011943. We used the correlated gamma-frailty model. Proportions of variance in frailty attributable to genetic and environmental factors were assessed using the structural equation model approach. For all-cause mortality the correlation coefficients of frailty for MZ twins tend to be higher than for DZ twins. For mortality with respect to respiratory diseases this effect was only seen in females, whereas males showed the opposite effect. Five standard biometric models are fitted to the data to evaluate the magnitude and nature of genetic and environmental factors on mortality. Using the best fitting biometric model heritability for cause of death was found to be 0.58 (0.07) for all-cause mortality (AE-model) and zero for diseases of the respiratory system for males. Heritability was 0.63 (0.11) for all-cause mortality (DE-model) and 0.18 (0.09) for diseases of the respiratory system (DE-model) for females. The analysis confirms the presence of a strong genetic influence on individual frailty associated with all-cause mortality. For respiratory diseases, no genetic influence was found in males and only weak genetic influence in females. The nature of genetic influences on frailty with respect to all-cause mortality is probably additive in males and dominant in females, whereas for frailty with respect to deaths caused by respiratory diseases in females, there are genetic factors present which are caused by dominance. Environmental influences are non-shared with exception of frailty with respect to respiratory diseases in males, where the shared environment plays an important role.  相似文献   

19.
遗传与环境因素对女性青春期性征发育的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨遗传与环境因素对女性青春期性征发育的影响,为进一步深入研究女性青春期发育提供依据。方法以学校登记为基础,募集6~18岁女性双生子180对,其中单卵双生(MZ)132对,二卵双生(DZ)48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,询问有无月经初潮及月经初潮年龄。结果乳房开始发育的年龄为9~12岁,阴毛开始发育的年龄集中在9~13岁,月经初潮年龄多集中在11~13岁。月经初潮、性征发育一致率均为MZ>DZ,月经初潮的遗传指数为0.71,乳房和阴毛发育的遗传指数分别为0.34,0.45。月经初潮年龄的组内相关系数MZ>DZ(P<0.001),偶内均方MZ相似文献   

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