体检人员健康教育状况调查分析及对策

[目的]了解体检人员对常规体检项目的意义、检查前的准备工作、注意事项的了解程度及对这些内容需要了解的需求程度,以便采取针对性的、有效的健康教育措施。[方法]采用无记名、选择题式的调查问卷形式,体检当日一对一进行询问填写。[结果]752名体检人员都有一定的健康信息储存,但对于健康知识的需求度仍较高。[结论]应将健康教育应用于体检当中,采取有效的健康教育措施,满足人们的信息需求,提高医疗护理质量,提高患者满意度。     

关于健康体检人群对健康管理需求的调查

目的探讨、分析健康体检人群对健康管理的需求。方法择取2021年7月-2022年7月本院健康体检者650例为研究对象,使用调查问卷调查其健康管理需求。结果650例体检者中,共收回有效问卷630份,有健康管理需求的527例,占比为83.7%(527/630),男女例数分别为201例、326例,占比分别为38.1%(201/527)、61.9%(326/527),提示体检者性别不同,其健康管理需求也存在较大的差异(P<0.05);相较于总体需求率,调查对象对健康管理服务的认知率较低,呈现的差异较大(P<0.05)。结论通过调查分析发现,健康体检人群对健康管理的需求较高,但受个体化差异的影响,对健康管理的认知则存在一定的差异,故需结合健康体检者的实际情况,有针对性地展开健康管理服务,以增强其健康管理意识,在日常生活中积极预防各类疾病。     

体检人员对医院健康教育工作的反馈与需求调查

我院体检科每年体检人次约２－５万至３万左右，为了解医院健康教育效果，特对来院体检的人员进行了健康教育反馈与需求调查，现将结果报告如下。一、调查内容和方法１．调查对象　１９９７年１２月份来院体检人员，发出调查卷２０００份，收回１８９０份，占调查卷的９４－５％，其中有效答卷为１４５９份，占调查卷的７２－９５％。２．调查内容　体检人员接受医院健康教育的状况及其对健康教育的主、客观需求。３．调查方法　分为７个不同专题，采用问卷形式，在体检当日内自行填写调查表。二、调查结果１．对医院健康教育的反馈（１）观…     

178例乳腺癌患者求医行为与健康教育需求调查

[目的]探讨乳腺癌患者求医行为的影响因素及其健康教育需求,为临床开展乳腺癌患者健康教育提供依据.[方法]采用自制问卷对河北省6家医院178女性例乳腺癌术后化疗住院患者进行询问式问卷调查.[结果]51.69%乳腺癌患者发现乳房异常后未能及时求医,其中因未意识到疾病严重性者占76.09%;调查对象对乳腺癌治疗康复存在多方面的认识误区,处于不同化疗阶段病人的疾病相关知识需求存在明显不同.[结论]应有针对性地开展临床健康教育,促进患者身心康复,提高生活质量.     

职业体检中健康教育方式需求调查分析

目的探讨在职业健康体检中开展健康教育工作的方式需求情况。方法采用答卷和访谈结合的方法。结果体检者反馈良好,护士作为宣教的主力军作用得到广泛认同。结论健康教育方式的需求多样化,多样化的健康教育方式要求护士综合素质提高。     

某市电力系统职工健康体检资料中慢性非传染性疾病相关指标的分析及思考

[目的]通过了解目标人群体检资料,对慢性病相关危险因素指标分布趋势及其相关因素进行分析,为慢性病的防治提供依据.[方法]以电力系统2828名参与健康体检的人群为研究对象,收集体检资料进行统计学分析.[结果]高血压和心电图异常的检出率分别为14.33%和22.48%;高血糖和高尿酸血症的检出率分别为7.52%和8.15%;高血脂和谷丙转氨酶检出率分别达22.59%和13.17%;脂肪肝和胆囊疾病的检出率分别为31.08%和15.41%;一般男性的检出率高于女性;检出率有随年龄增加而增加的趋势,特别是40岁以后检出率明显增加.[结论]健康教育的需求很大,如何加强针对性的健康教育,使健康体检步入规范化管理,进一步提高健康体检的社会和经济效益,是各级卫生行政部门需要深入思考的问题.     

体检人群健康教育需求的现况调查

目的了解人群对健康教育的需求状况,提高体检中心健康教育水平。方法以2010年11月在武警安徽总队医院体检中心接受健康体检者1 122人为调查对象,共回收有效问卷1 043份。问卷内容包括一般人口社会学资料、对健康教育内容及健康教育方式的态度。结果体检人群最希望得到的健康知识前三项依次为＂常见病防治知识＂（44.5%）、＂饮食营养知识＂（29.4%）、＂合理运动的知识＂（10.7%）;其中选择＂合理运动的知识＂和＂戒烟、戒酒的知识和技能＂以男性为主。最愿意接受的健康教育方式依次是＂一对一讲解＂（22.5%）、＂发放健康教育处方等宣传资料＂（18.1%）和＂健康教育讲座＂（18.0%）;40岁以下者选择＂一对一讲解＂和＂电话咨询＂的比例较高,高中以下文化程度者选择＂播放电视录像＂的比例较高,大专以上选择＂短信或电子邮件＂的比例较高。结论体检中心开展健康教育应侧重常见慢性病防治知识、饮食营养及合理运动方面,并结合体检对象的基本特征选择合适的内容和方式。     

体检病人的健康教育需求分析

目的了解体检病人的健康教育需求,以便护士有针对性的进行有效的健康教育。方法通过向体检病人发放健康教育调查表及对被调查者体检主要疾病的分析,了解体检病人对健康教育知识的需求情况。结果调查结果显示不同文化程度和工作性质的体检者对健康教育的需求不同,本科以上学历、科技工作者、公务员和公司职员对健康教育的需求率高于其他文化程度和其他职业者。同时在对健康知识的认知上存在很多盲区,体检结果多为与生活方式密切相关的慢性疾病。结论体检者主观上对健康教育知识的需求度及体检结果均显示体检机构在健康体检中提供健康教育服务势在必行。     

中小学生健康知识需求及变化分析

[目的]探讨中小学生健康需求及其变化,为学校健康教育工作提供依据.[方法]对郑州市436名小学生和407名中学生健康需求进行抽样调查.[结果]小学生一般健康知识需求排在前3位的是合理营养、体育锻炼和个人卫生;中学生一般健康知识需求程度排在前3位的是合理营养、心理卫生和体育锻炼;中学生青春期健康知识需求排在前3位的是:心理卫生、异性交往、性知识.中小学生喜欢的健康教育形式主要是图片展览、课堂教育;获得健康知识的主要途径是学校教育和家庭教育.[结论]要为中小学生提供符合其需求的健康教育内容和形式,尤其是青春期性教育需要加强:学校、家庭和社会要共同努力做好中小学生健康教育工作.     

门诊患者健康教育需求的调查与分析

[目的]了解患者健康需求,使健康教育有的放矢。[方法]对982例门诊患者进行健康知识需求及健康教育时机和效果的调查,应用专业软件包进行相关分析。[结果]初诊患者对健康教育需求明显高于复诊患者;不同疾病、不同文化程度的患者均渴望获得健康咨询服务;相对安静的诊疗环境和非疾病急性发作时是健康教育的最佳时机,而伴随诊疗全过程则可取得最好效果。[结论]有病才就医已不再是人们到医院的唯一目的。更多的是希望从医务人员那里获取他们所需的健康知识,解答他们的疑惑。门诊护理人员必须从思想上树立整体观念,重视健康教育,加强业务知识学习,不断拓展知识面,才能满足门诊患者对健康知识的需求,为患者提供高水准的健康服务。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.