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1.
A pilot project to train and deploy low-level rural health auxiliaries is being carried out in southern Iran. This first group of 16 village health workers (VHW) went to work in the initial 16 project villages early in 1974. The group consisted of 11 men and 5 women ranging in age from 15 to 45. These workers are taught to treat simple medical conditions, to practice preventive health measures, and to conduct health education and visit programs. Six months after initial deployment to the villages, a sample survey of 226 villagers was carried out to determine what characteristics of the VHW and of the consumers were associated with greater acceptance of the VHW''s work and his or her role in the village. The results indicated that both male and female health workers are accepted in an equivalent role, and that workers returning to their own villages are no more or no less likely to have difficulties in gaining acceptance than are those returning to a different village. It was found that experience with a VHW of a particular sex could significantly alter attitudes toward the preferred for the VHW. The age of the worker was the only variable closely associated with the villagers'' confidence in the worker--the older the VHW, the higher the villagers tended to rate his or her knowledge. In Iran, as in many developing countries, the rural village tends to be a closed, male-dominated group. The experience of the VHWs in Iran makes it apparent that the health worker, regardless of sex, age, or village of origin, can gain the confidence and respect of the villagers.  相似文献   

2.
分析当前村卫生室参与预防保健服务情况。在调查的83个村卫生室中发现,有70.0%左右的村卫生室不参与提供预防保健和公共卫生服务项目。主要制约因素是:村卫生室没有预防保健服务固定资金投入;缺乏预防保健专业技术人员;因经济利益的驱使,村卫生室人员不愿意参与预防保健服务。  相似文献   

3.
目的:分析村卫生室人员执业现状及待遇保障情况。方法:根据经济社会发展水平抽取6省18县(市/区),利用自制调查表调查18县下辖的全部村卫生室。结果:每千农村人口村卫生室人员均数0.7~1.9人;每村卫生室人员均数为1.36~3.24人;部分省村卫生室60岁人员占比超过20%;50%以上村卫生室人员学历为中专且仅有乡村医生执业证书;西部2省村卫生室人员医疗责任险覆盖比例低于11%;除江苏外,其他5省村卫生室人员主要参加新农村养老保险;江苏每村卫生室人员公共卫生和基药补助最高,福建省最低;纳入乡镇卫生院编制管理的村卫生室人员占比低于20%;除江苏外,70%以上村卫生室人员提供24小时服务;村卫生室流出人员超过新进人员。结论及建议:提高村医素质并明确身份;保障村医待遇;鼓励开展研究提出吸引卫生人员到农村执业的更切实可行的建议。  相似文献   

4.
A village health worker (VHW) programme in a rural area in South Africa is evaluated, a year after the introduction of VHW-retained child record cards. The programme's success in promoting immunization and breastfeeding and the coverage of and contact with the community by the VHWs was investigated. A population survey on children under one year was matched to VHW records, showing that VHWs were reaching 70.8% of the target population. VHWs were more likely to visit a child with a Road to Health Card (RTHC) and who was born in the village. VHWs generally visit mothers once a month and make contact with most children in their first month of life. Children born before the start of the new VHW programme were compared with those born after, using survival analysis techniques and data from the RTHC on the first year of life of all children under two. An increase in polio immunization coverage was detected but there was a drop in measles immunization coverage. We conclude that a VHW-retained child record for the first year of life plays a valuable role in ongoing health care evaluation.  相似文献   

5.
《Social work in health care》2013,52(3-4):241-259
SUMMARY

This paper examines the establishment of social work within primary health care settings in Great Britain, following the passage of the National Health Service and Community Care Act in 1990. Although the improvement of relationships between social workers and primary health care teams has been promoted for a number of years, the advent of formal policies for community care has made this a priority for both social services and health. This paper presents interim findings from the evaluation of three pilot projects in Nottinghamshire, Great Britain. These findings are analysed from three linked perspectives. The first is the extent to which structures and organisations have worked effectively together to promote the location of social workers within health care settings. The second is the impact of professional and cultural factors on the work of the social worker in these settings. The third is the effect of interpersonal relationships on the success of the project. The paper will conclude that there is significant learning from each of these perspectives which can be applied to the future location of social workers to primary health care.  相似文献   

6.
The Alma-Ata Conference in 1978 reiterated the goal of 'Health for All by the Year 2000' and declared primary health care (PHC) the vehicle through which this lofty goal was to be achieved. National governments were recognized as responsible agents for developing and implementing PHC plans. The emphasis on community-oriented delivery of care places great importance on the village health worker (VHW), the individual who serves as the 'interface' between the formal health care system and the community. Despite the acknowledged importance of the VHW role, the question of whether the PHC model, with the VHW as the cornerstone can be effectively implemented without a "fundamental shift of wealth and power" (Sidel) continues to be asked. This paper examines the evolution and current status of the VHW role in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Columbia, three Latin American nations which have adopted the PHC model. The authors discuss the evolution of the PHC model in each country with particular reference to the occurrence or non-occurrence of fundamental changes in the society. The conclude that the primary determiner of successful implementation of PHC is a national commitment to PHC including recognition of the importance of community participation which is best achieved through reliance on the village health worker.  相似文献   

7.
安徽省深化基层卫生综合改革的进展与挑战   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
安徽省为深化基层卫生综合改革,于2011年8月颁布了《关于巩固完善基层卫生综合改革的意见》。本文主要分析了该项政策实施以来的主要进展与挑战。政策实施以后,提高了乡镇卫生院服务效率和农村居民就医受益程度,促进了村卫生室落实基本药物制度等;但财政补助政策落实、乡镇卫生院服务提供、卫生技术人才队伍建设和药品配送等方面还存在一些问题。针对这些问题,提出了如下政策建议:落实财政保障制度,建立统分结合的人员聘用制度,完善基本药物采购及配送制度,加强村医及村卫生室管理,建立县域基层卫生服务能力评估制度等。  相似文献   

8.
Mass produced village health workers and the promise of primary health care   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The most evident aspect of primary health care (PHC) development in many countries is the mass recruitment and training of village health workers (VHWs). These VHW schemes are often merely an extension of the organized government health services. This paper takes the view that over emphasis of VHWs is a fatal limitation and narrowing of the original idea of PHC. In the spirit of PHC, communities should be allowed to go through the process of identifying their problems, sorting out their priorities, means of solving identified problems through the material and human resources they have at their disposal. Before communities have been allowed to go through such a process, the selection of VHWs is at best, an imposition from above. PHC is thus robbed of its most fundamental components, of community participation, self-determination and self-reliance.  相似文献   

9.
This paper describes a multicountry initiative aimed at TippingThe Balance towards primary health care (TTB). The Alma Ata declaration was the inspiration for the projectwhich has three branches. This paper describes one of these:community participation and skills development. TTB is a collaboration involving primary health care and otherpublic sector workers, educators, researchers and people inlocal communities. Twelve linked projects in five differentcountries are described. Projects have been grouped into fouraction areas: community participation; protection and promotion;inter-sectoral collaboration; reorientation to primary healthcare. Striking similarities existed in relation to health issues inall countries in the TTB project. All project teams focusedon reduction of inequality in health experiences and expectations,and worked for social justice in health care. It is believed that, by all the efforts documented in this paper,TTB teams can make a significant contribution towards socialjustice in their own countries, and also internationally.  相似文献   

10.
赵凯佳  赵莉    段占祺  孙霞霞  罗玉英  刘丹萍  杨珉   《现代预防医学》2020,(20):3732-3736
目的 在新医改政策背景下,探讨乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员的发展趋势。方法 梳理新医改以来与乡镇卫生院卫生人力建设相关的政策,利用2008和2013年四川省卫生服务调查数据以及2017年的现场调查数据,3次调查均采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方式,样本量分别为295、424和220,结合国家和四川省卫生统计年鉴,采用单因素方差分析及广义线性模型来分析2008 - 2017年四川省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员的基本情况和职业认知变化。结果 从2009年到2017年,四川省每千农村人口乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员数1.04增加到1.49,工作年限少于9年的比例从32.94%上升到54.96%,本科及以上学历的比例从2.76%上升到6.97%,初级职称占比从84.47%下降到80.73%,月收入在3 000元以上的比例从0.7%升高到73.6%;卫生技术人员感知到的工作压力变小,总满意度从2013年的33.22升高到35.90分,感知的医患关系较差且呈恶化趋势。结论 新医改以来发布的与乡镇卫生院人力建设相关的政策取得了一定成效,但目前四川省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员整体水平依然较低,且影响了乡镇卫生院医疗服务质量的提升。  相似文献   

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