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1.
医学生职业防护现状调查分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈倩 《实用预防医学》2005,12(6):1409-1410
目的 了解医学生的自我职业防护状况与防护技能的掌握程度。方法 对62名医学实习生进行职业防护问卷调查。结果 掌握足够的职业防护知识技能的仅5人(8,06%);能正确实施标准预防技术仅2人(3.23%);58人(97.55%)只知道在无菌操作前洗手与戴口罩,操作后的洗手往往被忽视;受到锐器伤、高风险职业暴露后,担心会感染某种传染性疾病的62人(100%)。结论 医学生对标准预防认知不足,知识不系统、不完整,职业防护意识薄弱,应该引起医学院校和临床教学医院的重视。  相似文献   

2.
检验科医务人员职业暴露防护调查分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:增强检验科医务人员的职业暴露防护意识。方法:采用自行设计的调查表以访谈和问卷相结合的方法进行调查分析。结果:43名检验科医务人员中正确洗手的仅占13.9%;正确应用擦手工具9.3%;每个工作日洗手次数〈30次72.1%,〉30次27.9%;皮肤被利器刺伤过95.3%;被利器刺伤后能正确处理伤口69.8%;正确掌握消毒剂用途及效能41.9%;认为有必要参加防护知识培训93.0%。结论:构建检验科医务人员职业暴露防护的措施与方案。重视职业暴露安全教育,可以有效降低和减少职业暴露发生率,确保检验科医务人员职业安全。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解基层医院医务人员职业感染防护知识掌握及实施情况,提高医务人员职业感染防护能力。方法自行设计问卷,对广东省3家县级医院300名医务人员进行有关职业接触防护知识及防护措施执行情况问卷调查。结果医务人员职业感染防护知识掌握率以血源性职业接触的危害掌握率最高(58.3%),标准预防知识掌握率最低(31.7%);防护措施正确执行率最低的是使用工具掰安瓿(0%),其次依次为有被血液、体液泼溅时戴防护镜(1.7%),工作中洗手按七步洗手法(9.7%),脱手套后及时洗手(12.0%);影响医务人员防护措施正确执行的主要因素是掌握职业感染防护知识不全面,自我防护意识不强,医院感染预防监督机制及防护设施不完善。结论加强职业安全教育,提高个人防护意识,完善监督机制,保障防护用品质量,是促进医务人员职业感染防护实施的积极因素。  相似文献   

4.
杨翠云  崔秀红 《卫生软科学》2011,25(11):793-795
[目的]了解临沧市医护人员HIV职业暴露发生的原因、方式、危险程度等情况,为进一步找出对策及防护措旋提供依据。[方法]对临沧市2005年~2009年45例医护人员HIV职业暴露的情况进行分析。[结果]45名被调查的医护人员中男性9人,占20%;女陛36人,占80%。医生21人(外科12人、检验科4人、妇产科3人、门诊2人),占46.67%;护士24人(外科、妇产科、传染科分别为5人,检验科、急诊科、门诊内科分别为3人),占53.33%。暴露的原因主要是在手术、输液、采血、护理及销毁针具时不慎被针头刺伤,针刺伤34人,占75.56%,污染皮肤黏膜11人,占24.44%。暴露后立即进行处理的有28人,占62.22%;有39人服药,4小时以内服药的有30人,占66.67%。45例HIV职业暴露者均未彼感染。[结论]医务人员对艾滋病传播途径及HIV职业暴露相关知识认识不够,安全防护意识淡薄,缺乏自我防护知识与技能。因此,制定安全防护管理制度,加强医务人员艾滋病知识的学习,严格遵守安全操作规程,在接触患者血液或分泌物时做最严格的防护,是减少和避免HIV职业暴露发生的关键。  相似文献   

5.
谭雪雁  赵云  汤敏  孙俊波 《职业与健康》2014,(4):488-490,493
目的了解湖北省十堰市医护人员和实习生对职业防护知识的掌握情况及防护意识,为今后开展职业防护教育提供依据。方法对该市3所医疗机构中的178名医护人员和138名实习医学生采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,对问卷结果进行统计学分析,根据问卷结果提出应对措施。结果医护人员对职业危害的认知和担忧程度明显高于实习生(P〈0.05)。医护人员认为最可能对自身造成伤害的是心理因素危害(89.33%)、X线辐射(87.64%)和生理因素危害(76.97%);50%的实习生担忧x线辐射对自己产生伤害,预防针刺伤的方法和对用过的注射器针头的处理方法两项护士的认知情况优于医生(P〈0.05),其他核心内容认知状况差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。除知晓针刺伤可能感染血液传播性疾病一项医护人员与实习生认知情况差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)外,其他内容医护人员认知情况均明显优于实习生(P〈0.05)。结论医护人员对职业防护的认知度高,心理因素是医务人员所面临的最大危害,应对其加强心理疏导与教育;实习生对职业防护认知度差,对职业危害相关防护知识认识不足,应加强对实习生的职业防护健康教育,这对实习生在实习期间更好地自我保护与工作学习意义重大。  相似文献   

6.
笔者就目前疫情报告人员常见易感因素,在自我防护中存在的的问题做了分析,强调疫情报告人员在工作中自我防护范围以及制定预防对策的意义。(1)自我防护中存在的问题:缺乏自我保护意识,系统的培训教育少,对自我保护的规章制度落实不力,医源性感染传播的主要环节重视不够,自我防护制度不够健全,不注意规范操作。(2)常见易感因素:填疫报卡的医护人员对传染高的患者做检查处置后,未及时洗手就填疫报卡;疫情报告人员在送疫报卡后未及时洗手;疫报箱未定期消毒、清洁;网络直报后也未及时洗手,污染了鼠标及键盘;疫报卡未及时消毒后存放。(3)自我防护…  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨提高护理实习生职业暴露防护意识和防护能力的有效措施.方法 用自行设计的调查表和调查方法,对医院2010年160名护理实习生进行调查、分析.结果 护理实习生普遍存在自我防护意识差,对职业暴露危害认识淡漠的现状;在医疗安全知识的掌握方面,医疗废弃物的处理知识掌握率为85.0%,医院感染、职业危害预防知识的掌握率只占38.8%,规范洗手方法的掌握率仅占20.0%,其余知识的掌握率均<50.0%;锐器伤调查显示,以玻璃瓶划伤、针刺伤为主,分别占18.1%、10.0%;自我防护行为调查,其中工作服及时清洗与消毒、非无菌操作戴口罩这2项做得较差,其余项目也未达到100.0%满意.结论 应加强对护理实习生的医院感染及职业暴露知识的培训,提高职业安全防护意识和防护能力.  相似文献   

8.
目的了解医务人员对职业感染防护知识的了解和实施,以提高医务人员职业感染防护的能力,保护医务人员的生命健康。方法自行设计调查问卷,并对湖北省6所县级医院600名医务人员进行职业接触防护知识和防护措施执行的问卷调查。结果医务人员职业感染防护知识的掌握率以血源性职业接触危害掌握率最高,为58.3%,以标准预防知识掌握率最低,为31.7%;防护措施的正确执行率最低的是掰安瓿,为0,其次依次为有被血液、体液泼溅时戴防护镜,占1.7%,工作中洗手按照七步洗手法,占9.7%,脱手套后及时洗手,占12.0%;影响医务人员实施保护措施的主要因素:其对职业感染防护知识了解的不全面,自我保护意识不够强,医院感染的预防和防护设施不足,监督机制欠完善。结论加强职业安全教育,提高个人防护意识,完善监督机制,保护设备,提高医务人员的自身防护素质,促进职业感染防护的实现。  相似文献   

9.
目的 调查研究手术室工作人员感染防护知识掌握情况及个人防护情况,提出合理改进措施,以更好保护手术室工作人员身心健康.方法 随机抽取50名手术室工作人员进行问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括感染防护知识及个人防护措施掌握两个部分,对问卷调查结果进行分析.结果 有56.00%的医护人员有锐器伤经历,78.00%的医护人员掌握锐器伤后正确处理措施;在进行感染手术及为患者抽血输液时多数缺乏感染防护知识,分别占22.00%及26.00%;放射辅助手术及消毒液防护意识知识缺乏,分别占68.00%及48.00%.结论 手术室工作人员在感染知识及个人防护上存在欠缺,需针对性加强防护意识及防护技能培训.  相似文献   

10.
[目的]了解洛阳市口腔门诊医务人员感染防护现状,提高其职业防护水平。[方法]2005年对洛阳市城区部分二级以上综合医院口腔门诊的医务人员进行问卷调查。[结果]调查77人,88.3%的接种过乙肝疫苗;71.4%的操作时戴手套,33.7%的处理下一病人时更换手套;49.3%的操作前后严格洗手;58.4%的受过意外损伤.伤后接受预防性治疗、进行进一步检查的分别占26.6%、11.1%。[结论]口腔门诊医务人员的自我防护意识较差。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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