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1.
腹透患者蛋白质营养状况评价及人体组成测定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的研究腹膜透析患者蛋白质营养状况和人体组成改变。方法对60例腹透患者于腹透前后分别测定血清肌酐、尿素氮、白蛋白、总蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数等指标,腹透后测定总体脂肪,计算体重指数、瘦体组织和总体水。结果(1)腹透前后血浆白蛋白分别为(31±7)g/L和(30±8)g/L,血浆总蛋白分别为(63±13)g/L和(58±9)g/L两项指标在腹透前后的差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。静脉补充白蛋白(10~20)g/d未显著增加血浆白蛋白水平(P>0.05),且对淋巴细胞计数无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)超重患者总体脂肪为(26±10.4)kg,正常体重患者为(15.6±6.9)kg,超重患者明显高于后者,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05),但两组握力、瘦体组织和总体水差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论(1)低蛋白血症是腹透患者主要的营养问题,静脉补充白蛋白不能有效纠正之;(2)超重患者腹透后体脂增加,而蛋白质营养状况无明显改善。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨肥胖基因表达产物瘦素与胃癌病人营养状况的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法测定86例胃癌病人血清瘦素含量,同时测定身高、体重、疾病分期、ECOG。体质指数(BMI)=体重(kg)/身高(m)2。营养正常的BMI范围为18.5~25;BMI<18.5为营养不良;BMI>25为肥胖。结果胃癌病人合并营养不良组的血清瘦素平均含量明显低于营养正常组或肥胖组。男性胃癌病人合并营养不良、营养正常及肥胖组血清瘦素水平分别为(2.41±1.59)μg/L、(4.80±3.21)μg/L、(9.16±2.81)μg/L;女性则分别为(5.53±3.06)μg/L、(8.94±4.78)μg/L、(20.58±9.48)μg/L。全组男性、女性胃癌病人的血清瘦素水平分别为(4.39±3.42)μg/L、(8.97±6.56)μg/L;女性均值高于男性一倍。胃癌病人的血清瘦素水平与BMI显著相关(男性r=0.538,P<0.05;女性r=0.785,P<0.05)。BMI正常的胃癌病人的血清瘦素与健康人无差异。结论血清瘦素含量可以反映胃癌病人的BMI变化和营养状况,且可作为判断胃癌病人营养状况的指标。  相似文献   

3.
老年血液透析患者血清瘦素水平与营养状况的关系   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的 探讨老年血液透析(血透)患者血清瘦素水平与营养状况的关系。方法以本院老年组血透患者41例、非老年组血透患者19例和正常对照组20例为研究对象,采用ELISA法测定血清瘦素水平,分析瘦素水平与肾功能、前白蛋白、白蛋白、补体、转铁蛋白、血脂、人体学测定和主观全面营养评估指数的相关性。结果老年组和非老年组血透患者血清瘦素水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且老年组血透患者血清瘦素水平较非老年组血透患者显著增高,差异有显著性(P<0.05);老年组血透患者血清白蛋白(r=-0.328,P<0.05)、转铁蛋白(r=-0.254,P<0.05)、补体(r=-0.322,P<0.05)、相对体重(r=-0.253,P<0.05)、三头肌皮褶厚度(r=-0.323,P<0.05)、上臂周径(r=-0.257,P<0.05)、上臂中部肌肉周径(r=-0.246,P<0.05)等营养指标均低下,且与血清瘦素水平呈显著负相关;老年组血透患者血清瘦素水平与血总胆固醇(r=0.264,P<0.05)和三脂酰甘油(r=0.234,P<0.05)呈正相关。老年组血透患者存在营养不良,且营养状况越差,血清瘦素水平越高。结论老年血透患者血清瘦素水平较非老年血透患者和健康人显著增高;老年血透患者营养不良等级与血清瘦素水平呈正相关。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】探讨宫内生长迟缓(intrauterine growth retarded,I UGR)新生儿血清生长激素(growth hormone,GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(insulin-like growth factorbinding protein-3,IGFBP-3)、瘦素的浓度水平及临床意义。【方法】选择出生48-72 h的I UGR新生儿62例和足月适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestional age,AGA)37例与早产AGA36例,其中I UGR分为重度I UGR组(29例),轻度I U-GR组(33例)和足月小于胎龄儿(small for gestional age,SGA)32例与早产SGA30例;分别于上午9时抽取静脉血,分离血清。采用放射免疫法测定GH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3和瘦素。【结果】①足月SGA和足月AGA组血清GH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、瘦素浓度(μg/L)分别为6.58±1.42和24.32±3.59,11.89±3.01和37.12±6.4,82.3±19.66和256.55±33.62,2.75±0.66和7.58±1.26;早产SGA和早产AGA组血清GH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、瘦素浓度(μg/L)分别为8.18±2.55和13.83±3.98,13.59±4.83和21.05±3.44,93.48±16.44和157.33±39.34,3.21±0.61和4.9±0.83,各组比较有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。②轻度和重度I UGR组血清GH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、瘦素浓度(μg/L)分别为5.82±1.02和8.67±2.07,9.96±2.19和14.56±3.87,77.48±20.51和99.13±7.16,2.61±0.63和3.31±0.51,两组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。【结论】新生儿血清GH、IGF-1、IGFBP-3、瘦素浓度水平与胎儿生长发育有密切关系,是调节胎儿宫内生长发育的重要因素。  相似文献   

5.
目的:测定母乳及配方乳中瘦素含量,比较不同喂养方式对足月新生儿血清瘦素水平的影响。方法:采用放射免疫分析法测定足月新生儿血清、母乳及配方乳中的瘦素水平。结果:①66例健康足月儿生后第3、7、28天其母乳中的瘦素水平分别为(1.31±0.67)μg/L、(1.33±0.14)μg/L、(1.26±0.98)μg/L,产后不同日龄母乳中瘦素水平差异无统计学意义(F=1.78,P>0.05)。配方乳中瘦素水平为0。②母乳喂养组新生儿生后第3、7、28天血清中瘦素水平分别为(2.45±1.04)μg/L、(3.38±1.54)μg/L、(4.98±2.16)μg/L;人工喂养组新生儿生后第3、7、28天血清中瘦素水平分别为(1.23±0.67)μg/L、(1.91±0.31)μg/L、(2.63±1.19)μg/L;两组间血清瘦素水平差异显著(t=1.113,t=3.176,t=2.152,P<0.05)。结论:①母乳中含有一定浓度的瘦素,初乳与成熟乳之间瘦素水平无显著差异,配方乳中未检测到瘦素。②母乳喂养儿血清瘦素水平明显高于人工喂养儿,母乳喂养有利于维持新生儿期血中较高的瘦素水平。  相似文献   

6.
腹膜透析患者营养指标的评估   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
董捷  王海燕 《营养学报》2002,24(2):176-180
目的 : 对腹膜透析患者的一些营养指标进行评估。方法 : 对 90例持续性不卧床腹膜透析 ( CAPD腹透 )患者进行主观综合性营养评估 ( SGA)、膳食调查、直接人体测量、生化参数的测定 ,计算氮出现率相当蛋白 ( n PNA)、瘦体重和 %瘦体重。结果 : 依据 SGA评分 ,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较 :平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入 ( DEI、DPI)、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重 ,均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1~ 0 .0 5 )。但营养良好组的 DPI和 DEI异常率 70 .2 1 % ,血白蛋白和 %瘦体重异常率 31 .91 %和 5 1 .0 6% ,而轻中度营养不良组血白蛋白和 %瘦体重正常率为 49.39%和 67.74% ,仅重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在 80 %以上。直接人体测量指标体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度和上臂肌围在本组患者中的异常率为 4.44% ,6.67%及 1 3.33%。血前白蛋白、转铁蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 DPI、DEI、n PNA及 %瘦体重均无相关。结论 : SGA是评价腹透患者营养状况的简便方法 ,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充 ,如 DEI、DPI、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重。其中用肌酐动力学公式计算瘦体重是反映肌肉蛋白质贮存的有效方法。直接人体测?  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者和正常孕妇血清中的瘦素浓度与胎儿体重的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法,分别检测177例孕妇血清中的瘦素水平,并对其结果进行t检验。结果妊高征患者血清中的瘦素水平〔(31.2±10.4)ng/ml〕明显高于正常孕妇〔(18.2±7.3)ng/ml〕,P<0.01;重度妊高征组血清中的瘦素水平〔(39.6±10.1)ng/ml〕明显高于轻度妊高征组〔(24.4±8.6)ng/ml〕,P<0.01,亦高于中度妊高征组〔(33.8±8.5)ng/ml〕,P<0.05;妊高征组的新生儿体重〔(3088±364)g〕明显低于正常孕妇组〔(3437±649)g〕,P<0.01,重度妊高征组的新生儿体重〔(2478±353)g〕明显低于轻度妊高征组〔(3434±342)g〕,P<0.01,亦低于中度妊高征组〔(3058±378)g〕,P<0.01。结论检测孕妇血清中的瘦素水平对于评估胎儿的发育和体重具有重要意义,对妊高征的治疗和预后评估也有指导价值。  相似文献   

8.
目的研究对晚期癌性贫血患者促红细胞生成素(EPO)的水平及其对患者贫血症状作用的临床意义。方法收集多种晚期癌性贫血患者血清,应用放射免疫法检测EPO水平。以正常人、非癌性贫血患者作为对照。同时检测各组血红蛋白(Hb)、网织红细胞参数包括网织红细胞数(RET)、网织红细胞生成指数(RPI)。分析各组EPO水平差异及其与Hb、网织红细胞参数的相关性。结果晚期癌性贫血组患者血清EPO为(2.69±1.30)μg/L,RET(2.78±1.06)%,RPI1.44±0.32;正常对照组患者血清EPO为(1.59±0.69)μg/L,RET(1.17±0.35)%,RPI0.98±0.25;非癌性贫血组患者血清EPO为(2.78±1.53)μg/L,RET(5.46±2.12)%,RPI2.34±0.35;癌性贫血组患者与正常对照组患者比较,其血清EPO、Hb、RET、RPI值均存在显著差异(P<0.01);癌性贫血组患者与非癌性贫血组患者比较,RET、RPI检测结果存在显著差异(P<0.01);癌性贫血组和非癌性贫血组患者EPO和RET、RPI值的相关系数存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论晚期癌性贫血患者血清EPO水平反应性增高,但机体对EPO反应性减弱。  相似文献   

9.
目的为了研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期空腹血清胰岛素与营养状态的相互关系,探讨COPD合并营养不良的机制.方法通过人体测量和内脏蛋白测定,对42例COPD急性发作期患者进行营养状况评价,同时应用放免法检测其空腹胰岛素水平.结果发现中度营养不良组(B组)、重度营养不良组(C组)空腹胰岛素分别是12±7、13±7μU/ml,显著低于营养正常组(A组)27±17μU/ml(P<0.01),C组空腹血糖为5.9±1.5mmol/L,显著高于A组4.8±1.2mmol/L(P<0.05).结论COPD营养不良患者的内脏蛋白显著下降和脂肪贮存耗竭,可能与患者胰岛素分泌不足有关,在营养支持中应适当补充胰岛素.  相似文献   

10.
胎儿生长受限孕妇血清及脐血瘦素水平检测的临床意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:检测胎儿生长受限(FGR)患者产前及产后和胎儿脐血的瘦素水平,以探讨瘦素与FGR的关系。方法:采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定30例FGR患者和40例正常妊娠妇女产前及产后1周血清和胎儿脐血的瘦素水平以及30例健康未孕妇女瘦素水平,并对结果进行相关性分析。结果:①FGR组产前瘦素水平为(23.23±6.75)μg/L,正常妊娠组产前瘦素水平(24.58±5.69)μg/L,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组瘦素水平与脐血瘦素水平均无相关性(r=0.237、r=0.199,P均>0.05);两组瘦素水平与新生儿体重均无相关性(r=0.157、r=0.196,P均>0.05)。②FGR组产后瘦素水平为(7.73±2.96)μg/L,与正常妊娠组产后瘦素水平(7.92±2.54)μg/L比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组分别与健康未孕组瘦素水平(7.44±2.48)μg/L比较,也均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。③FGR组脐血瘦素水平为(5.84±2.68)μg/L,明显低于正常妊娠组脐血瘦素水平(9.37±3.51)μg/L,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);两组脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重均呈正相关(r=0.412、r=0.392,P均<0.05)。结论:检测母体血清瘦素水平不能作为预测胎儿出生体重的指标,且母体血清瘦素水平与FGR的发生无关;脐血瘦素水平下降可能与FGR的发生有关,且与新生儿出生体重有关。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

17.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

18.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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