某军校三年级医学生睡眠质量调查分析

目的了解和分析军校医学生的睡眠状况。方法采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)测查392名军校医学生的睡眠状况。结果30.1%的军校医学生睡眠质量差(男生、女生分别为14.8%和15.3%);睡眠质量差主要体现在白天功能紊乱(40.3%)、入睡慢(35.2%)、睡眠紊乱(29.1%),自感睡眠质量不佳(25.5%)和睡眠不足(18.4%)。军校医学生的PSQI总分(6.50±2.60)显著高于地方大学生常模(5.26±2.38,P<0.01)。结论军校医学生睡眠质量应引起注意。     

延安地区医学与非医学大学生睡眠质量调查探究

目的 了解和分析延安地区医学生与非医学生睡眠质量状况的差异,并提出干预措施,为有关部门提供参考依据.方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）对延安大学医学院和非医学院三年级在校学生进行睡眠质量状况调查.结果 非医学大学生睡眠质量比医学大学生问题突出.在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍方面,医学生睡眠状况优于非医学生,女生睡眠状况优于男生.结论 延安地区大学生睡眠质量问题应引起相关部门关注,通过对比医学生,针对非医学专业大学生采取有效措施提高其睡眠质量.     

循环抗阻训练对原发性睡眠障碍大学生的睡眠质量和心理状况的影响

目的探讨循环抗阻训练(circuit resistance training,CRT)对原发性睡眠障碍大学生的睡眠质量及心理状况的改善效果。方法2019年3—6月,以杭州市某高校招募的90名患有原发性睡眠障碍的在校大学生为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,因4人失访,最终两组各有43名研究对象完成研究,两组研究对象均给予常规心理及睡眠指导,观察组额外给予3个月CRT。以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)及症状自评量表(Symptom Check List-90,SCL-90)评价睡眠质量、心理状况变化情况。结果干预后,观察组PSQI总分由(9.66±2.46)下降至(6.41±1.38)分,对照组由(9.62±2.31)分下降为(7.81±2.57)分,两组研究对象干预前后PSQI评分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.674、3.435,P<0.001),且干预后观察组PSQI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.443,P<0.001)。观察组干预后睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和日间功能障碍评分较干预前显著降低,降幅均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组SCL-90总分由(197.53±32.74)下降至(160.45±54.16)分,对照组SCL-90由(202.25±38.43)下降至(180.74±41.58)分,两组研究对象干预前、后SCL-90总分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.842、2.491,P值分别为<0.001、0.015);观察组SCL-90评分改善效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.909,P=0.005)。结论CRT能有效改善原发性睡眠障碍大学生的睡眠质量及心理状况。     

贵阳市大学生睡眠质量及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵州省贵阳市2 126名大学生睡眠质量状况并分析其影响因素.方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数( PSQI)量表及自制的大学生睡眠质量影响因素调查表对在校本科大学生进行抽样调查,采用多元线性回归分析睡眠质量的影响因素.结果 贵阳市大学生PSQI总均分为(6.27±2.34)分,27.4％的大学生存在睡眠质量问题,男女生PSQI总分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),大三年级学生睡眠质量最差;睡眠质量影响因素为:经常上网(β=0.072)、父母不和(β=-0.049)、与教师关系紧张(β=-0.049)、基本不进行体育锻炼(β=-0.054)、与同学关系不和(β=-0.058)、有学习压力(β=-0.066)、恋爱失败(β=-0.069)、不关注自身健康(β=-0.084)、与家庭成员相处不甚融洽(β=-0.089)、经常担忧自身健康(β=-0.162).结论 贵阳市大学生睡眠质量不容乐观,应针对影响因素采取综合措施提高睡眠质量.     

大学生心理资本在儿童期创伤与睡眠质量关系中的中介作用

目的探讨儿童期创伤、心理资本与睡眠质量的关系。方法选取山东省某高校680名大学生,采用儿童期创伤问卷简化版(CTQ-SF)、青少年心理资本问卷(PCQAS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及一般人口学问卷分别测量被试的儿童期创伤、心理资本、睡眠质量和一般人口学变量。结果 CTQ-SF总分与PCQAS总分及各维度得分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.10~-0.33,均P0.01);CTQ-SF总分与PSQI总分及各维度之间呈正相关关系(r=0.13~0.25,均P0.01);PCQAS总分及各维度得分与PSQI总分及各维度得分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.13~-0.20,均P0.01)。结构方程建模拟合良好,χ2/df=3.7635,CFI、TLI、NFI和RMSEA分别为0.95、0.93、0.93、0.065;儿童期创伤与心理资本负向关联[β=-0.34,95%CI(-0.433,-0.239)];心理资本与睡眠质量负向关联[β=-0.13,95%CI(-0.237,-0.030)];心理资本在儿童期创伤与睡眠质量之间起中介作用,中介占总效应的18.2%。结论儿童期创伤既能直接预测睡眠质量,也可通过心理资本对其产生间接预测作用。     

西藏地区医学生睡眠质量现状分析

目的了解西藏地区医学生睡眠质量状况。方法采用随机抽样方法,用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表对西藏地区自愿参加的医学生进行问卷调查,有效问卷242份,有效率94.53%。结果匹兹堡睡眠质量总分为(5.05±2.74)分,242人中睡眠质量差者37人,检出率为15.3%。其中汉族学生PSQI为(5.32±2.96)分,藏族学生PSQI为(4.83±2.54)分,不同民族人群的PSQI得分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);男性PSQI为(4.48±2.75)分,女性PSQI为(5.53±2.64)分,不同性别人群的PSQI得分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论西藏地区医学生女性较男性的睡眠质量差。     

医学生睡眠质量与自测健康状况的相关研究

目的研究某医学院校大学生的睡眠质量及自测健康状况,探讨两者的相关关系。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)对在校本科医学生进行分层抽样调查。PSQI与SRHMS得分之间行Pearson相关分析。结果 1547名医学生PSQI总分平均为(6.22±2.36)分,其中27.4%有睡眠质量问题;SRHMS总分平均为(73.48±9.50)分,男女生PSQI及SRHMS总分差异均无统计学意义,但生理健康、社会健康子量表得分男女差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);大三年级学生睡眠质量和自测健康状况均最差,而大二年级学生自测健康状况最好。PSQI与SRHMS得分呈负相关关系(P﹤0.001),PSQI得分越高,自测健康状况越差。结论医学生的睡眠问题值得重视,睡眠质量对其健康状况有着重要影响,应采取综合措施通过改善睡眠质量来促进身心健康发展。     

大学生抑郁与睡眠质量的相关性研究

目的了解宁夏大学生抑郁与睡眠质量的关系,为改善大学生身心健康与睡眠质量提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样,抽取宁夏大学和宁夏医科大学2 263名学生作为研究对象,采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)与抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别调查大学生睡眠质量与抑郁状况。结果宁夏大学生PSQI总分为(5.59±2.67)分,高于大学生常模[(5.26±2.38)分],差异有统计学意义(t=5.806,P0.001)。SDS平均得分为(48.78±10.88)分,高于全国常模[(33.46±8.55)分],差异有统计学意义(t=66.983,P0.05)。宁夏地区大学生睡眠障碍发生率为30.6%。宁夏大学生抑郁发生率为42.1%,不同民族、是否独生子女、单亲家庭及家庭经济状况之间抑郁程度差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。PSQI总分和SDS得分呈正相关(r=0.279,P0.01)。结论宁夏大学生睡眠质量与抑郁状况不容乐观,睡眠质量得分与抑郁呈正相关。     

患病大学生SCL-90评定结果分析

目的　评定患病大学生SCL - 90各因子得分情况 ,探讨心理卫生状况对疾病的影响 ,为开展大学生心理健康教育、心理咨询及心理治疗提供科学依据。方法　对 2 37例患病学生进行症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )调查 ,并与健康学生 (对照组 )进行比较。结果　患病学生不同性别比较 ,躯体化因子差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;患病学生与对照组比较 ,SCL - 90各因子分差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;患妇科疾病女生与对照组女生比较 ,各项因子分差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 )。呼吸系统疾病、外科疾病、神经衰弱、皮肤病、过敏性鼻炎学生 ,SCL - 90总分及各因子分均显著高于对照组 ,患消化系统疾病学生与对照组比较 ,除躯体化因子外 ,其他因子分差异无显著性。结论　患病大学生心理症状评分更高 ,应在治疗患病大学生躯体疾病的同时对其心理存在的问题进行疏导     

宿舍文化和学习倦怠在宿舍人际与睡眠质量间的中介效应

目的 研究医学生睡眠情况与宿舍人际、宿舍文化、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和学习倦怠之间的关系。方法 通过PSQI、大学生宿舍人际关系量表、学习倦怠量表和宿舍文化量表,对安徽医科大学1 298名医学生进行问卷调查。结果 宿舍人际、宿舍文化和PSQI呈负相关(r=-0.178,P<0.001; r=-0.204,P<0.001),学习倦怠和PSQI呈正相关(r=0.283,P<0.001),宿舍文化和学习倦怠在宿舍人际对睡眠质量的影响中起完全中介效应。结论 医学生宿舍环境和学习倦怠对睡眠质量影响差异有统计学意义,宿舍人际通过宿舍文化和学习倦怠的完全中介效应对睡眠质量产生影响。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

芜湖地区儿童隐孢子虫病调查

1989年5月~9月,对安徽省芜湖市五所医院儿科就诊的腹泻患儿进行隐孢子虫病调查。粪检腹泻患儿3 498人,卵囊检出率1.9%。男女检出率无差异;6个月内的患儿中未检出卵囊阳性者;86.2%的卵囊阳性者分布于7个月~4岁年龄段;乡村患儿的卵囊检出率2倍于城市患儿;病例呈高度散发状态;卵囊检出率从6月下旬开始上升,在本调查中,92.5%的病例分布于6月下旬~9月。所见病例,从临床表现到大便性状均无特殊,且均呈自限性,病程似较文献报道者为短。     

谈神经内科医院感染危险因素及护理对策

目的：了解引起神经内科住院患者医院感染的危险因素，采取有效的护理措施，以降低医院感染的发生率和死亡率。方法：结合多年临床经验，对医院感染不同的危险因素进行分析及提出护理对策。结论：神经内科医院感染发病率较高，获得途径以外源为主，针对主要危险因素的发生原因，我们应加强病房管理，严格执行消毒隔离制度，合理应用抗生素，加强基础护理和健康教育，缩短住院天数，以降低神经内科医院感染的发病率。     

Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine if overall correlation exists among cadmium levels (Cd) in the general environment, dietary Cd intake, and Cd body burden of local residents. Methods: Eleven prefectures in Japan were selected as the areas where large-scale data on Cd levels in urine of adult women (40–49 and 50–59 years of age, respectively) were available to calculate geometric mean (GM) values for each of the prefecture. Other data were cited from published or previously established databases on Cd in the sediments of river bottoms (as a representative of Cd in the environment), Cd in rice for local consumption, and Cd in daily food duplicate samples collected from local women populations, and calculated for GM values for the prefectures. The GM values were subjected to correlation matrix and regression analysis. Results: Marginally significant (P<0.10) correlation was detected between Cd in sediment and Cd in rice. Furthermore, correlation of Cd in sediment was significant with Cd in total foods (P<0.05) and possibly with Cd in urine (P<0.05–0.10). Importance of data on Cd in rice paddy soil as a missing link is discussed. Conclusions: Correlation was demonstrated in the flow of Cd transport from the environment (expressed as Cd contents in river sediments) to humans (in terms of Cd in urine) among general populations in Japan.     

Changes in social inequalities in health in the Basque Country

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of the inequalities in self reported health between socioeconomic groups and its changes over time in the Basque Country (Spain). DESIGN: Cross sectional data on the association between occupation, education and income and three health indicators was obtained from the Basque Health Surveys of 1986 and 1992. Representative population samples were analysed. In 1986 the number of respondents was 24 657 and in 1992, 13 277. SETTING: Basque Country, Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of socioeconomic position on health and the magnitude of social inequalities in health were quantified using the odds ratios based on logistic regression analysis, and the Relative Index of Inequality. RESULTS: As was expected, social inequalities in self reported health existed in both surveys, but the social gradient was greater in 1992. Social differences varied according to gender and health indicator. According to education an increase in social inequalities was observed consistently in all the health indicators except long term conditions in women. A consistent increase in inequalities in limiting longstanding illness was also observed according to all socioeconomic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: These results agree to a large extent with those of previous studies in other countries. In this context the unequal distribution of material circumstances and working conditions between socioeconomic groups seem to play a major part in health inequalities. The worsening of the labour market during this period and the onset of a new economic recession may explain the increase in social inequalities over time.     

张家港市从业人员肠道沙门菌检测

目的了解张家港市区从业人员沙门菌属的带菌情况及流行趋势,以有效控制相关传染病的发生。方法对张家港市2005-2009年121 370名进行健康体检的从业人员肛拭样品沙门菌检测结果进行分析结果共检出沙门菌菌株373株,总检出率为0.31%,2005-2009年沙门菌检出率分别为0.52%、0.37%、0.24%、0.22%和0.23%,夏秋季沙门菌的检出率明显高于冬春季（χ2=140.503,P〈0.01）,从检出的373株沙门菌的血清型分布情况看,该地区主要以B、C、E群为多见,血清型以德尔卑占优势,其次为山夫登堡、罗米他。结论 2005-2009年张家港市从业人员沙门菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,且有明显季节区别。     

Musculoskeletal pain in ragpickers in a southern city in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely precarious. The ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain in a sample of ragpickers in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil are examined. METHODS: Two comparison groups were available: a matched sample of non-ragpickers from the same poor neighborhoods, and a random sample of the general population of the city. The cross-sectional study gathered data by interview on 990 individuals in 2004. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. RESULTS: Ragpickers reported higher prevalences for most awkward postures and ergonomic exposures compared to neighbors with other demanding manual jobs. The prevalence within the last 12 months of low back pain (LBP), lower extremity pain (LEP), and upper extremity pain (UEP) among ragpickers were 49.2%, 45.1%, and 34.9%, respectively; levels similar to those reported by neighborhood controls. Both ragpickers and non-ragpickers reported considerably higher ergonomic exposures, and more prevalent LBP, than the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Ragpickers experience many occupational hazards and ergonomic stressors. Their overall prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was similar to a comparison group with other physically demanding manual jobs. For LBP, this prevalence was substantially higher (49% vs. 35%) than in the general population.