伏天健身要得法

伏天是一年中气温最高且潮湿、闷热的日子。有的人整天懒洋洋,有的人却对运动乐此不疲。那些不爱锻炼的人,越是怕热越觉得热,机体适应外界环境的能力也越差。夏练三伏正是为了提高人体"顺四时,适寒暑"的能力。伏天高温闷热,人体消耗特别大,各器官功能的衰退比其它季节更为明显。如果能够在此期间坚持锻炼,其抗衰健体效果将更加显著。夏季往往气压较低,     

夏季别因感受暑气而感冒

夏季为什么易患感冒夏季容易发生感冒的内在原因有:夏季气候炎热,人体出汗较多,消耗较多能量;夏天昼长夜短,闷热天气影响人的休息,导致睡眠不足:夏天许多人食欲减退,影响蛋白质的摄取:由于天气热,一些人不愿运动,减少锻炼时间。这些都会使人的抵抗力下降,感冒病毒乘虚而入引发感冒。外在原因是过度贪凉。如有     

天气闷热谨防心“乱”跳

夏季对于心律失常患者来说是一道坎,一天比一天过高的气温,再加上闷热潮湿的气候,易导致心律失常的高发。因此心律失常患者在天气闷热的夏天要做好防护措施,谨防心"乱"跳。夏季是心律失常高发期夏季,人体为了散热,体表血管会扩张,大量血液聚集于体表,供应心脏和大脑的血液就会相对减少。而且夏天人体出汗较多,血液较其他季节要变得相对黏稠一些,这都会使心律失常患者的心脏缺血、缺氧反应加重,因此会导致心律失常高发。另外,夏季天气闷热,人的脾气也随之变得火爆,     

伏天健身要得法

伏天是一年中气温最高且潮湿、闷热的日子。有的人整天懒洋洋，有的人却对运动乐此不疲。那些不爱锻炼的人，越是怕热越觉得热，机体适应外界环境的能力也越差。夏练三伏正是为了提高人体“顺四时，适寒暑”的能力。伏天高温闷热，人体消耗特别大，各器官功能的衰退比其它季节更为明显。     

夏练三伏,老人不宜

俗话说冬练三九,夏练三伏,然而,不管是寒冷的冬季,还是闷热的夏季,都不适宜老年人锻炼身体。三伏天的气候特点是气温高、气压低和空气湿度大。这样的气候条件对人体健康有不利的影响。当环境气温达到33℃,人在安静状态下就会出汗,这时人体还能保持产热与散热平衡。如果人在高温条件下进行     

夏季谨防“湿邪”偷袭

正夏天的酷热高温易使人中暑,但有时温度并不太高,人们仍感觉被一种难熬的闷热包围着,身体疲倦,情绪不高。这是因为影响我们身心的不仅仅是高温,还有常被人忽视的湿度。湿度,就是空气中所含水分的标度,一般用相对湿度来表示。试验表明,50%~60%的相对湿度时人体感觉最舒适,也不容易生病。当环境温度较高时,人体就要借助汗液的蒸发来排出热量:如果空气温度较高,汗液蒸发速度就较慢,人     

巧吃妙补度盛夏

每到盛夏,骄阳似火闷热潮湿的天气使很多人对饮食没了“胃口”,这该怎么办呢?高温环境会使人体大量出汗,随汗液丢失的不仅仅是水分、无机盐、微量元素,水溶性维生素以及蛋白质也会丢失。同时,高温环境还会使体温调节、水盐代谢和心血管、消化、泌尿、神经等系统的负荷增强,代谢     

冬季高校图书馆室内环境舒适度与建筑综合征的相关性

研究冬季北方地区高校图书馆舒适度的影响因素以及建筑综合征发生率,为高校图书馆卫生治理和环境舒适度评价提供依据.方法 通过定点监测和发放调查问卷的方式,对中国矿业大学图书馆内不同区域人群的舒适度、建筑综合征发生率进行调查,并依据EPA对建筑综合征的评价标准进行验证.结果 调查人群中89.3%对图书馆整体环境水平表示基本满意,其中36.2%认为噪声水平是影响图书馆舒适度最重要的因素,28.1%表示图书馆空气质量较差.调查人群中32.4%出现建筑综合征症状,其中女性出现建筑综合征报告率为58.9%,高于男性的41.1%.图书馆物理条件对SBS症状风险估计温度OR=1.6,相对湿度OR=2.2,空气质量OR=2.2.结论 温度、相对湿度、空气质量与出现建筑综合征相关性较高,图书馆舒适度主观感受较低者出现建筑综合征的概率较大.     

夏季，警惕几种“坏天气”

正夏季最显著的天气特征是气温高,人们常常特别关注高温天气对健康的影响,诸不知,高湿度、低气压、热风、雷雨等"坏天气"对人体的健康危害也很大。高温高湿天气众所周知,当环境温度较高时,人体就要借汗液的蒸发来排出热量。此时,空气湿度就显得特别重要。当空气湿度较高时,汗液蒸发速度很慢,人就有一种粘糊糊的感觉,很不舒服。如果高温伴着高湿(例如长江流域的梅雨天气),还容易发生中暑现象。只有当空气湿度较低时,     

人造板材甲醛释放与热环境关系的模拟现场研究

目的人造板材是室内甲醛的主要来源，探讨人造板材的甲醛释放量与热环境之间的关系。方法2002年夏季，进行模拟现场的控制暴露实验。结果在夏季高温环境中人造板材甲醛释放量与湿度关系密切。结论在评价室内空气质量时应考虑热环境的影响，高温、高湿环境中尤其应注意通风换气，减少污染。     

Salmonellas in pigs and animal feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark

A comparison has been made between the incidence of salmonellas in pigs and feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark. In Denmark there is veterinary legislation requiring the sterilization of imported and home produced feed ingredients of animal origin. There is no such legislation in England and Wales. In Denmark 0·3% of resterilized imported meat and bone meal was contaminated with salmonellas. This compared with 23% of meat and bone meal in England and Wales and 20-27% of other ingredients of animal origin. In England and Wales salmonellas were isolated from 7% of caecal samples and 6% of lymph node samples, while in Denmark they were isolated from 3% of caecal samples and 4% of lymph node samples. In England and Wales 25 serotypes were found in both pigs and feeds and these included nearly all the most prevalent human pathogens. In Denmark four of the six serotypes in pigs had been found in resterilized feed. One notable difference between the two studies was the very wide range of serotypes found in pigs in England and Wales and the narrow range in Denmark. A second was that Salmonella typhimurium formed 15% of all Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in England and Wales, and 60% of those in Denmark.     

Lunasin is prevalent in barley and is bioavailable and bioactive in in vivo and in vitro studies

Lunasin, a unique 43-amino acid peptide found in a number of seeds, has been shown to be chemopreventive in mammalian cells and in a skin cancer mouse model. To elucidate the role of cereals in cancer prevention, we report here the prevalence, bioavailability, and bioactivity of lunasin from barley. Lunasin is present in all cultivars of barley analyzed. The liver and kidney of rats fed with lunasin-enriched barley (LEB) show the presence of lunasin in Western blot. Lunasin extracted from the kidney and liver inhibits the activities of HATs (histone acetyl transferases), yGCN5 by 20% and 18% at 100 nM, and PCAF activity by 25% and 24% at 100 nM, confirming that the peptide is intact and bioactive. Purified barley lunasin localizes in the nuclei of NIH 3T3 cells. Barley lunasin added to NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of the chemical carcinogen MCA activates the expression of tumor suppressors p21 and p15 by 45% and 47%, decreases cyclin D1 by 98%, and inhibits Rb hyperphosphorylation by 45% compared with the MCA treatment alone. We conclude that lunasin is prevalent in barley, bioavailable, and bioactive and that consumption of barley could play an important role of cancer prevention in barley-consuming populations.     

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.     

Research and teaching in social and preventive medicine and in public health

Summary Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.

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Forschung und Lehre in Sozial-und Präventivmedizin und öffentlicher Gesundheit

Zusammenfassung Sowohl das Gebiet der öffentlichen Gesundheit als auch dasjenige der Sozial-und Präventivmedizin sind durch das Ziel der Förderung, Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Gesundheit sowie der Krankheitsvorbeugung gekennzeichnet, und beide beschäftigen sich mit einer bevölkerungsbezogenen, präventiven und umweltbezogenen Perspektive. Aber während die öffentliche Gesundheit stark interdisziplinär ist und weit über den medizinischen Fokus hinausreicht, ist die Sozial-und Präventivmedizin ein medizinisches Fach und stellt eine Brücke zwischen der öffentlichen Gesundheit und der ärztlichen Praxis dar. Die Forschung in einem Institut für Sozial-und Präventivmedizin dient der Förderung präventiver und sozialmedizinischer Tätigkeiten in der ärztlichen Praxis wie auch in der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Dies wird durch die Forschungstätigkeit des Instituts des Autors aus den letzten 20 Jahren illustriert, wobei Beispiele aus den Gebieten der Förderung der Raucherentwöhnung und der Betreuung behinderter Betagter dargestellt werden. Sowohl in den Forschungs-als auch in den Lehrtätigkeiten des Instituts finden der Bevölkerungsbezug der öffentlichen Gesundheit wie auch der individualmedizinische Ansatz der ärztlichen Praxis ihren Ausdruck.

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La recherche et l'ensignement en médecine sociale et préventive et en santé publique

Résumé La santé publique aussi bien que la médecine sociale et préventive sont caractérisées par le but commun de promouvoir, maintenir et améliorer l'état de santé et de prévenir les maladies, et elles s'orientent vers une perspective de population, de prévention et environnementale. Mais la santé publique est interdisciplinaire et va loin au-delà de la médecine, tandis que la médecine sociale et préventive est basée sur la médecine et représente le lien entre la santé publique et la pratique médicale. La recherche d'un institut de médecine sociale et préventive sert à appuyer les activités préventives et médico-sociales au cabinet médical aussi bien qu'en santé publique. Cela est illustré par des résultats de recherches conduites dans les vingt années passées à l'institut de l'auteur, et les exemples sont tirés de la recherche en appui de la promotion de la cessation de fumée et de la planification de la prise en charge des personnes âgées et handicapées. Les activités de recherche et de l'enseignement de l'institut tiennent compte de la perspective de population cacactéristique de la santé publique, aussi bien que de la dimension de médecine individuelle caractéristique de la pratique clinique.

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Paper presented at a symposium on The Public Health Perspective of Social and Preventive Medicine, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, 25 June 1992 in Berne.     

Prevalence and Trends in Overweight in Mexican-American Adults and Children

Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982–84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94), and NHANES 1999–2002. In 1999–2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries