首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
目的 :探讨HBV宫内传播的细胞分子机制及其对新生儿的影响。方法 :将 12 3例HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿按发生和未发生HBV宫内感染进行分组。用巢式PCR和选择性PCR法分别对 12 3例HBsAg阳性孕妇及其新生儿血清、外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)中HBVDNA进行检测。结果HBsAg阳性孕妇血清及外周血PBMC中HBVDNA阳性率分别为4 3 0 9%和 30 0 8% ,新生儿血清、PBMC中HBVDNA阳性率分别为 19 5 1%和 2 6 0 2 %。而且HBsAg阳性孕妇PBMCHBVDNA与血清HBVDNA无关联 (χ2 =1 4 7,P =0 2 3) ;新生儿PBMCHBVDNA与血清HBVDNA无关联 (χ2 =0 83,P =0 36 ) ;HBsAg阳性孕妇血清HBVDNA与新生儿血清HBVDNA有关联 (χ2 =4 5 8,P =0 0 3) ,而与新生儿PBMCHBVDNA无关联 (χ2 =0 2 5 ,P =0 6 2 ) ;HBsAg阳性孕妇PBMCHBVDNA与新生儿PBMCHBVDNA显著相关 (χ2 =2 1 6 1,P =0 0 1) ,也与新生儿HBV宫内感染显著相关 (χ2 =12 86 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :HBV通过胎盘导致胎儿宫内感染的传播途径可通过血清直接传播 ,也可通过PBMC介导。PBMC介导的HBV宫内传播较隐匿 ,孕妇PBMCHBVDNA阳性也是HBV宫内感染的重要因素。  相似文献   

2.
孕妇新生儿外周血单核细胞HBV感染状况及危险因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)HBV感染状况及危险因素。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测孕妇和新生儿PBMC中HBVDNA ,用非条件Logistic回归分析新生儿PBMCHBV感染的危险因素。结果 新生儿PBMCHBVDNA的总检出率为 32 5 % (4 0 / 12 3) ,其中PBMCHBVDNA阳性孕妇新生儿PBMCHBVDNA阳性率 78 38% (2 9/ 37) ,高于PBMCHBVDNA阴性孕妇新生儿 12 79% (11/ 86 ) ,且差异有统计学意义 (χ2 =5 0 712 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;Logistic回归分析结果显示孕妇PBMCHBVDNA阳性为新生儿PBMCHBV感染的危险因素 (OR =2 4 5 3,7 92~ 6 7 0 1)。结论 HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿PBMC中有 32 5 %存在HBVDNA ,新生儿PBMCHBV感染的危险因素为孕妇PBMCHBVDNA阳性 ,提示HBV可能通过感染孕妇PBMC后进入胎儿血循环引起新生儿感染  相似文献   

3.
目的为了掌握乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的发生率和危险因素,探讨HBV相关抗体在胎儿体内产生的作用。方法用ELISA法筛选出HBsAg阳性孕妇及引产胎儿153例 ,HBsAg阴性孕妇及胎儿65例 ,共218例。然后用多聚酶链技术对孕妇 -引产胎儿HBV宫内感染进行检测。结果HBsAg阳性孕妇HBVDNA宫内感染率为53.59 %(82/153) ,HBsAg阴性孕妇静脉血中6.15%(4/65)检出HBVDNA阳性 ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P<0.01) ;母亲血中HBsAg、HBeAg、抗 -HBc同时阳性其相应胎儿HBVDNA感染率为92.5%(74/80) ,46例抗 -HBs阳性的胎儿血有5例检出HBVDNA阳性。结论HBV宫内感染率较高 ,HBsAg阴性孕妇也可能发生HBV宫内感染 ,应引起人们的重视  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)联合乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝病毒(HBV)母婴传播失败原因。方法:选择HBsAg阳性、HBeAg阳性、HBV-DNA阳性孕妇218例,检测孕妇分娩前HBVDNA,新生儿(出生24h内且未进行阻断前)、7月龄及1岁时婴儿的HBsAg、抗HBs;所有新生儿出生后24h内在三角肌注射HBIG200IU,同时在大腿前部外侧肌内注射基因工程乙肝疫苗10μg,2周再注射同等剂量的HBIG,1、6月时分别注射同等剂量的乙肝疫苗。结果:孕妇分娩前血清HBVDNA含量>1×106copies/ml组7月龄、1岁时HBsAg阳性率分别为18.12%、19.38%,HBVDNA含量<1×106copies/mi组为7.50%、7.25%(P<0.05)。注射HBIG及乙肝疫苗后,宫内感染组7月龄、1岁时HBsAg阳性率分别为75.00%、74.19%,非宫内感染组为3.76%、4.19%(P<0.01)。结论:宫内感染及孕妇分娩前血清HBVDNA含量高是HBV母婴阻断失败的主要原因。采取综合措施可提高母婴阻断效果。  相似文献   

5.
乙型肝炎病毒宫内传播机制的分子流行病学研究   总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21       下载免费PDF全文
为了解乙型肝炎病毒 ( HBV)宫内传播的危险因素与机制 ,笔者进行了病例对照研究与胎盘组织的免疫组化。收集陕西省妇幼保健院 2 4 2例 HBs Ag阳性的孕妇及其新生儿作为研究对象。结果显示 ,母亲 HBe Ag阳性 ( OR=32 .63)和先兆早产史 ( OR=2 2 .80 )是主要的危险因素。在 32例足月孕妇的免疫组化 HBs Ag阳性的胎盘组织中 ,HBs Ag阳性率在脱膜细胞层为 10 0 % ,滋养层细胞为 59.38% ,绒毛间质细胞为 65.50 % ,绒毛毛细血管内皮细胞为 39.38% ,表明 HBV感染从母面到胎儿血管呈逐渐下降趋势 ( P<0 .0 1)。而且绒毛毛细血管 HBs Ag阳性与婴儿宫内感染有关( OR=2 0 .86,P<0 .0 1)。根据上述结果 ,我们提出假设 :HBV宫内传播可能有两条途径 :经先兆早产等引起的胎盘血管渗漏的“血源传播”和 HBV经胎盘各层细胞“转移”至胎儿血循环的“细胞转移传播”。  相似文献   

6.
目的:观察孕早期HBsAg阳性孕妇流产胎盘组织(乙型肝炎病毒)HBV感染情况,分析可能的危险因素,为进一步探讨HBV宫内感染机制提供线索,并为预防措施的制订提供初步的理论依据。方法:采用巢式病例对照研究,对355例自愿流产孕妇中外周血HBsAg阳性者按统一的调查表进行调查,并对其流产胎盘进行免疫组化和HBVDNA原位杂交检测,运用SPSS10.0统计软件对资料和结果进行统计处理和分析。结果:孕妇HBsAg携带率为7%;早期发育的胎盘HBV感染率为32%;孕妇外周血HBVDNA的高浓度(OR=22.5,P=0.004)和HBeAg阳性(OR=12.5,P=0.008),是孕早期胎盘感染的主要危险因素。结论:HBV可感染早期发育的胎盘,感染率为32%;血HBVDNA的高浓度和HBeAg阳性的孕妇,其孕早期胎盘感染HBV的可能性较大。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿发生HBV宫内感染的相关影响因素。方法以太原市第三人民医院产前检查并分娩的HBsAg阳性孕妇及其新生儿为研究对象,收集HBsAg阳性孕妇一般情况(年龄、文化程度)、分娩前HBIG注射史、家人HBV感染史、乙肝病毒标志物以及新生儿出生24小时内的乙肝病毒标志物的资料。以新生儿是否发生HBV宫内感染将379例HBsAg阳性孕妇分为两组,HBV宫内感染组36例,非HBV宫内感染组343例,进而分析HBsAg阳性孕妇的一般情况、家人感染HBV史、HBV复制状态、HBV血清标志物阳性模式及HBIG注射史与新生儿HBV宫内感染的关系。结果 (1)单因素分析显示:HBV宫内感染组与非HBV宫内感染组的HBsAg阳性孕妇年龄、HBV复制状态、HBV血清标志物阳性模式的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组间HBsAg阳性孕妇文化程度、家人HBV感染史和HBIG注射史的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示:HBsAg阳性孕妇的年龄(OR=0.398,95%CI0.159~0.996)与HBeAg和HBV DNA双阳性(OR=2.539,95%CI 1.233~5.227)被引入回归方程。同时分析HBsAg阳性孕妇HBV DNA含量分级与HBV宫内感染关系的结果显示其差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.983,P=0.004),且进行趋势卡方分析后,显示HBV DNA拷贝数在>106时,HBV宫内感染率明显上升。结论 HBsAg阳性孕妇年龄(>30岁)是HBsAg阳性孕妇HBV宫内感染的保护因素,而血清HBeAg和HBV DNA均为阳性和HBVDNA拷贝数>106时,其发生HBV宫内感染的可能性较大。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )表面抗原 (HBs Ag)阳性母亲产前用乙肝免疫球蛋白 (HBIG)及其婴儿 HBIG联合乙型肝炎疫苗阻断母婴传播的效果。方法 对 2 4 3名 HBs Ag阳性孕妇孕晚期每月注射 HBIG 2 0 0 IU ,新生儿出生后采股静脉血 ,同时在出生后 2 4 h内注射 HBIG 2 0 0 IU ,然后在 0、1、6月龄接种基因重组型乙肝疫苗 ,每次 5μg。并和 4 0 2例产前未注射 HBIG的 HBs Ag阳性孕妇比较 ,其所生新生儿在 0、1、6 (30 μg、10 μg、10 μg)月龄只用血源型乙肝疫苗免疫 ;两组婴儿都分别在 1、3、6、12、2 4月龄静脉采血 ,用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)检测 HBV标志物 ,同时随访。结果 孕妇注射 HBIG组的宫内感染率为 2 .4 7% ,低于未注射 HBIG组 3.73% ,差异无显著性(χ2 =0 .77,P >0 .0 5 )。产前用 HBIG和新生儿 HBIG联合疫苗组没有发生慢性 HBV感染的婴儿 ,而未注射 HBIG孕妇所生的 4 0 2例婴儿中 ,有 9例婴儿发生慢性 HBV感染 ,其母亲都是 HBs Ag和乙肝 e抗原 (HBe Ag)均阳性 ,主要是宫内感染。结论 产前用 HBIG和新生儿 HBIG联合免疫可降低慢性 HBV感染率 ,阻断宫内感染的慢性化 ,提高产时感染的阻断效果  相似文献   

9.
HBsAg阳性孕妇血清乙肝病毒含量与HBV宫内感染关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨孕妇外周血中HBV含量与HBV宫内感染的关系。方法ELISA法检测孕妇及新生儿外周血HBsAg、HBeAg;FQ-PCR对血清HBVDNA定量检测。结果166例新生儿中有28例发生HBV宫内感染(16.87%);在HBV宫内感染组和非感染组孕妇HBVDNA暴露、各级病毒载量与HBV宫内感染趋势χ2检验差异为有统计学意义;HBVDNA?156copies/ml为HBV宫内感染最佳临界预测值,它的敏感度为81.80%,特异度为72.10%,阳性预测值为37.10%,阴性预测值为95.19%。结论孕妇外周血HBVDNA阳性不仅是HBV宫内感染的危险因素,且随着孕妇血中乙肝病毒含量的增高,其发生HBV宫内感染的危险性呈现增高趋势;孕妇血HBVDNA156copies/ml为HBV宫内感染最佳临界预测值,孕妇血清中HBVDNA水平对于预测新生儿HBV宫内感染较为重要。  相似文献   

10.
不同孕期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白对HBV宫内传播的阻断作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:研究HBsAg阳性孕妇在不同孕期开始使用乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对HBV宫内传播的阻断作用及孕妇血清HBV-DNA水平与宫内感染的关系。方法:选择2004年6月~2005年10月在我院门诊产检及住院分娩的孕妇及其新生儿116对,将116例初检HBsAg阳性孕妇随机分为两组,A组孕妇于妊娠13周始肌注HBIG200u,每4周1次,直至分娩;B组孕妇于妊娠28周始肌注HBIG200u,每4周1次,直至分娩;两组孕妇均于第1次注射HBIG前、分娩前、其新生儿于生后24h内免疫接种前抽静脉血检测HBsAg、HBeAg及HBV-DNA定量,详细记录各项观察指标及不良反应,对所得数据进行统计学处理。结果:A组孕妇HBV-DNA水平显著下降(P<0.05),其新生儿宫内感染率明显低于B组(P<0.05),胎儿宫内感染率随着孕妇血清HBV-DNA含量增加而呈现增高趋势(P<0.05)。两组孕妇及其新生儿未发现有不良反应。结论:HBsAg阳性孕妇产前13周始多次注射HBIG比28周始注射HBIG能更有效降低宫内感染发生率;孕妇血清HBV-DNA水平增高是胎儿发生宫内感染的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号