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1.
目的 了解攀枝花市汉族和彝族中职学生的近视情况,探讨遗传因素在近视发病中的作用.方法 通过对攀枝花市1469名汉、彝族中职学生进行问卷调查及电脑验光,学生近视情况及遗传度采用问卷调查.采用Falconer法计算近视遗传度,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析.结果 攀枝花市中职学生近视总患病率为58.20%,彝族学生患病率为46.19%,与汉族学生近视患病率(63.89%)相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);汉族学生和彝族女生近视患病率均略高于男生,但差异不显著(P>0.05);汉族和彝族学生近视组一级亲属的近视率均显著高于对照组一级亲属的近视率;汉族中职学生一级亲属遗传度为39.46%,彝族中职学生一级亲属遗传度为36.96%,汉族略高于彝族.结论 遗传因素在近视发病中起重要作用.  相似文献   

2.
目的了解北京市中小学生近视与遗传的关系。方法采用多阶段比例整群随机抽样。抽取北京市9个城郊区县的16 663名中小学生进行问卷调查和验光检测。使用SPSS 18.0软件和Falconer法进行统计分析。结果验光数据完整的15 212名学生中,近视组一级亲属患病率为29.69%,正视和远视组一级亲属近视患病率为21.73%。中小学生的近视遗传度最后统计为28.9%。父母双方视力的状况不同,子女的屈光状态差异具有统计学意义(χ2=240.278,P〈0.01)。不同特征的学生屈光状态差异也具有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论遗传因素在近视发病中起着一定的作用,父母近视的学生更容易近视。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解乌鲁木齐维吾尔族、汉族中学生近视状况,探讨新疆维、汉中学生近视遗传的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市中学生2 380人进行近视筛查和问卷调查,用Falconer法计算维汉近视与非近视学生一、二级亲属的近视遗传度。结果中学生总体近视患病率为60.12%,维吾尔族中学生近视患病率为37.80%,明显低于汉族中学生的77.36%(P<0.05);维吾尔族男生近视患病率为31.31%,低于女生的42.08%(P<0.05),汉族女生近视患病率为82.40%,高于男生的71.61%(P<0.05);维吾尔族中学生近视组一级亲属的近视患病率为10.23%,高于对照组一级亲属的4.87%(OR=1.921),汉族中学生近视组一级亲属的近视患病率为18.90%,高于对照组一级亲属的10.82%(OR=2.225),一级亲属近视是中学生近视的危险因素;汉族中学生一级亲属近视遗传度为36.86%,维吾尔族中学生一级亲属近视遗传度为36.27%。结论中学生近视的病因十分复杂,是遗传和环境多种因素综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

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的措施主要是领导重视、做好宣传教育、实施防治槽施、坚持做眼保健操、组织治疗、宣传营养卫生知识等综合措施.才起到较好的作用。2632学生近视遗传度的分析/娄晓民(河南医科大学儿少卫生教研室卜二/厂中国学校卫生/中华预防医学会一1994.15(2)一139~140 本文在1561名中小学生视力检查的基础上.对近视和非近视学生进行一级亲属近视情况的家系调查.以探讨遗传因素在近视形成中的作用。结果显示:近视组的一级亲属近视率显著高于非近视组.近视遗传度为13.3%其中轻、中度近视分别为306%和57.3%;1主岁以前形成的近视遗传度为70.9%、比~15岁为50.…  相似文献   

5.
目的了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族中学生近视患病率,探讨遗传与环境因素对维吾尔族中学生近视患病的影响,为近视患病的预防和控制提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,于2019年12月调查了乌鲁木齐市新市区、沙依巴克区、天山区及水磨沟区4所中学共1 199名维吾尔族中学生的近视患病情况,父母近视患病情况、一级亲属遗传度、不良读写习惯、睡眠时间及电子产品使用时间等,分析遗传因素及用眼行为与近视的关联。结果本研究维吾尔族学生中,女生近视率高于男生(39.18%vs 23.05%),初一年级到高二年级学生近视率依次为17.54%、28.98%、31.15%、43.57%、49.15%;乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族中学生近视的一级亲属遗传度为42.98%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,读书时眼睛距离书本30 cm、握笔部位过于下端或手指挡住眼视线(经常)、一级亲属家族史是近视的危险因素,户外活动时间(学期中上学日,1~2 h)是近视的保护因素(P均0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族中学生近视发病风险较高,可通过调查家族史发现近视易感人群,通过纠正不良读写习惯、增加室外活动时间等方面积极展开近视患病防控工作。  相似文献   

6.
脑梗死的遗传流行病学研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨脑梗死的遗传方式以及遗传因素在脑梗死发病中的作用。方法 采用遗传流行病学配对病例对照研究方法 ,对 112对脑梗死先证者家系和对照家系的脑梗死发病情况进行研究 ,使用Li Mantel Gart法及Falconer法估算脑梗死的分离比和遗传度。结果 病例组一、二级亲属脑梗死患病率明显高于对照组亲属 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;分离比为 0 .14 37(0 .1130~ 0 .174 4 ) ,显著低于0 .2 5 ,不符合单基因遗传性疾病的特征 ;遗传度估算结果 ,患者一、二级亲属遗传度分别为 4 7.84 %±4 .5 5 %和 4 0 .95 %± 13.0 5 % ,其中男性高于女性。结论 脑梗死属多基因遗传方式 ,遗传因素对其发病有一定的作用。  相似文献   

7.
学生近视遗传度的分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本在1561名中小学生视力检查的基础上,对近视和非近视学生进行一级亲属近视情况的家系调查,以探讨遗传因素在近视形成中的作用。结果显示:近视组的一级亲属近视率显高于非近视组,近视遗传度为43.3%,其中轻、中度近视分别为30.6%和57.3%;11岁以前形成的近视遗传度为70.9%、12-15岁为50.8%,16岁以后为33.1%。从近视多基因遗传的遗传度特征分析,显示了微效基因的积累效应与近视  相似文献   

8.
目的了解伊宁市中小学生近视与遗传的关系,为能有效防治提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在2015-2016年对伊宁市随机抽样的6所学校(市区和镇区各3所)进行问卷调查及视力筛查;采用SPSS 19.0软件及Falconer法进行统计分析。结果 2 879名学生中,近视学生997名(占34.6%);不同族别、不同性别、不同学习阶段的学生近视患病分布情况的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);近视学生二级亲属遗传度高于一级亲属遗传度,重度近视学生的遗传度较高(0.560 4±0.066 3);汉族学生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于维族学生、女生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于男生、小学生遗传度(0.611 9±0.045 0)高于中学生。结论有近视家族史的学生比无家族史的学生更容易发生近视。  相似文献   

9.
先天性心脏病的遗传流行病学研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨先天性心脏病的遗传方式,对375例先天性心脏病进行了遗传流行病学研究,结果显示该病一级亲属患病率为6.9%,遗传度66.13%±1.13%;二级亲属患病率为1.7%,遗传度为38.25±8.3%,一、二级亲属加权平均遗传度为65.65±1.09%,遗传因素较为重要。在各级亲属患病中,患病率依次为一级亲属(6.9%)、二级亲属(1.7%)、一般群体(0.86%)。所以该病基本符合多基因遗传方式,遗传在决定先天性心脏病的易患性上起主要作用  相似文献   

10.
子宫肌瘤家族聚集性及遗传方式的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探索子宫肌瘤家族聚集性及遗传方式。方法采用遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法,对274个家系(137例子宫肌瘤先证家系和137例对照家系)进行研究。结果病例组一级亲属总的子宫肌瘤患病率为1303%,显著高于对照组的802%(χ2=419,P<005);分离比为00443,远低于025,不符合单基因遗传疾病的特征;遗传度估算显示,该病一级亲属中遗传度为2584%。结论子宫肌瘤发病呈家族聚集性,在子宫肌瘤病因中,遗传因素起一定作用。  相似文献   

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Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.  相似文献   

15.
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.  相似文献   

17.
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.  相似文献   

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AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.  相似文献   

20.
目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。  相似文献   

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