人口老龄化对农村医疗卫生服务的新要求

在我国未富先老的情况下,农村人口老龄化水平高于全国平均水平和城市水平,大多数农村社会保障制度尚未建全,为老年人提供的医疗卫生保健服务发展严重滞后,现有的农村医疗模式难以满足越来越多的老年人医疗卫生服务需求。为此,提出健全农村基层卫生服务网络体系,大力培养全科医学人才,充分利用中医药,加大健康教育力度、做好预防工作,重视老年医学的教育和科学研究,以满足人口老龄化对农村医疗服务提出的新要求。     

国外老年医疗质量评价研究及其对我国的借鉴意义

随着人口老龄化的发展,老年人医疗服务越来越受到重视。对国外老年医疗质量评价研究进行了系统介绍,并提出应尽快在我国建立适合我国医疗卫生体制的老年人医疗质量评价体系和持续质量改进策略,以满足我国老年人口不断增长的医疗服务需求。     

充分发挥社区医疗服务功能 有效化解老年人医养结合难题

从我国人口老龄化的发展趋势切入,阐述了人口老龄化对我国医疗卫生服务行业的影响,以及社区医疗服务在应对老年人医疗保健康复上的优点,重点阐述了社区医疗服务在应对老年人医养结合上存在的人才、资金、设备、技术等方面不足,并提出提高社区医疗服务人员素质、加大政府投入、加强管理等方面的对策,来有效化解老年人医养结合难题。     

我国人口老龄化背景下卫生需求研究

伴随着人口老龄化社会的到来,老年人的医疗卫生需求不断增加。由于老年人生理机能衰退,健康水平下降,其患病率和人均医疗费用都明显高于年轻人。针对老年人群这种当今医疗服务的高需求和高消费人群,如何保障他们的基本公共卫生需要,为他们提供更有效更便捷的医疗保健服务,改善他们的健康状况,提高他们的生活质量,实现"老有所养"、"老有所医"的目标,已成为目前各国医疗工作面临的重要课题。本文旨在分析人口老龄化背景下老年人卫生需求的现状及趋势,思考日益增长的老年卫生服务需求给公共卫生体系可能带来的问题,并进一步探讨如何更好保障老年人群的卫生服务需求。     

江苏农村卫生资源配置问题分析及老年人医疗保障对策研究

江苏城镇化与老龄化交织迅猛发展,对现有的农村老人医疗保障体系提出了严峻挑战。当前,城乡医疗卫生资源配置差异较大,农村地区的医疗卫生服务状况长久处于边缘化状态,表现为城乡卫生资源共享不够、政府经费投入不足、科学的诊疗卫生服务体系缺失、优质卫生人才匮乏等问题。该文从健全农村老年人医疗保障制度、提高农村老年人医疗保障筹资水平、促进城乡医疗纵向合作和加强农村医疗卫生人才队伍建设几方面提出健全江苏农村老年人医疗保障的对策。     

旺苍县农村医养结合养老现状调查分析及对策研究

本文针对老年人对生活照料需求和健康服务需求,调查国家贫困县四川省旺苍县3个镇共314人。发现旺苍县存在人口老龄化持续加深,家庭经济收入普遍偏低,常住人口文化水平不高,农村老年人养老观念保守,医疗与养老融合发展缓慢等问题。分析了旺苍县农村医养结合现状,并提出建设意见。     

公立医院支援农村医疗卫生服务路径的实践与探讨

加强农村医疗卫生建设、满足农民健康需求,是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容和重要目标.公立医院支援农村医疗卫生服务,使城市优势医疗资源全面辐射到农村,充分发挥公立医院在医疗、教学和管理资源方面的优势,帮助提高农村基层卫生院的医疗水平和管理水平,这是切实解决农民看病难的有效途径,也是稳步推进社会主义新农村建设的有效方法.     

医养结合:养老服务业的供给侧改革

正将老龄工作委员会划归国家卫生健康委员会,预示着在大健康视野下养老功能的强化。国家在顶层设计上更加强调医养结合的地位,以便更好地统筹医疗和养老,医养结合将加强、加速,并进入实操阶段。医养结合不等于"养老院+医院"我国特色的人口老龄化具有典型的"四超"特点:老年人口规模超大、人口老龄化速度超快、老龄化水平超高、人口老龄化形态超稳。老年人身体机能退化和健康状况下降是自然规律,医疗卫生服务是维护老年人生活质量的客观必需。据统计,老年期的医疗卫生资源消     

乌鲁木齐市老年人医疗卫生服务需求现状分析

目的:应对老龄社会,分析乌鲁木齐市老年人医疗卫生服务需求现状,提出符合新疆经济发展特点的满足老年人医疗卫生服务需求的可行性的制度和办法.     

社区卫生服务的持续发展探讨

人口老龄化和疾病谱的改变,导致慢性非传染性疾病成为危害社区居民人群健康的主要疾病,社区居民的医疗服务需求也急剧增加,传统的医疗卫生服务模式已不能满足他们的健康需求。社区卫生服务集医疗、预防、保健、康复、健康教育于一体,深入居民家庭,极大地方便居民群众,满足了他们的卫生保健需求,合理有效地利     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.