合肥市青少年减肥行为及其相关心理社会因素研究

目的研究青少年危害健康的减肥行为与情绪症状及其他心理社会因素的关系.方法从合肥市城区和农村各选取3所中学,每所中学每个年级各抽取两个班共2 106名中学生为研究对象,2044名学生提供了完整问卷.问卷内容包括节食、吃减肥药物、喝减肥茶、食后催吐等不利于青少年健康的减肥行为、其他危害健康行为、焦虑、抑郁症状、家庭和学校所在地、年级、学习成绩、父母文化程度等.结果5.8%的男生和6.7%的女生报告近一周内有不利于健康的减肥行为,多元Logistic回归分析表明,抑郁症状、不良的学习成绩、母亲文化程度高与青少年不利于健康的减肥行为相关.结论情绪症状及其他心理社会因素与青少年危害健康的减肥行为相关联的现象需在青少年营养教育中予以关注.     

医学生饮酒行为与危害健康行为的相关研究

目的了解医学生的饮酒现状,探讨饮酒行为和其他危害健康行为的相互联系,为防制医学生危害健康行为的干预研究提供依据.方法问卷调查1 095名一～四年级医学本科生的饮酒和其他14项危害健康行为现状,并进行Logistic回归分析.结果男生饮酒报告率高于女生,分别为85.1%和57.0%;饮酒率随年级升高而上升;不同生源、独生子女与非独生子女间差异无统计学意义;男生酒后骑车报告率为20.0%,高于女生的6.7%;男生喝醉酒的报告率为24.6%,高于女生的10.5%.经Logistic回归分析,饮酒行为与酒后骑车、喝醉酒、吸烟行为、通宵达旦娱乐4项危害健康行为有关联.结论医学生饮酒现象较普遍.饮酒行为与其他危害健康行为有密切关联,应采取有效的干预措施.     

研究中学男生吸烟与其他危害健康问题的相互作用

目的：研究吸烟青少年与其他危害健康行为情绪的关系。方法：采用无记名问卷调查1358名中学男生吸烟状况以及其他危害行为,同时评定了焦虑、抑郁症状。结果：中学男生近一个月吸烟率、每日吸烟率分别为14．9％和5．8％,成瘾学生3．8％。Logistic回归分析表明,饮酒、打架斗殴、携带防身刀具、不健康的控制体重行为、学习成绩落后,以及抑郁症状与吸烟有影响。结论：吸烟行为与其他危害健康行为互为关联。     

北京市崇文区青少年减肥行为与其他危险行为的聚集性研究

目的了解北京市崇文区青少年减肥行为的流行现状,分析不同减肥方式与其他危险行为的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选取崇文区12所中学2 495名学生集体填写匿名问卷。结果减肥行为在青少年中普遍存在,男女生均以锻炼和节食为第一位和第二位的减肥方法,男生不采取任何减肥措施和只采取健康减肥方式的比例高于女生,而女生采取不健康减肥方式比例高于男生。采取不同减肥方式的青少年其吸烟、饮酒、吸食毒品、自杀意念、自杀计划、尝试自杀的报告率差异有统计学意义。结论不健康减肥行为严重危害青少年的健康,且与青少年的其他危险行为存在联系,应积极引导青少年采取健康的减肥方式,并据此发现其他危险行为的高危人群,为进一步制定干预措施提供依据。     

大学毕业生饮酒行为与危险健康行为的相关研究

目的了解大学毕业生的饮酒现状，探讨饮酒行为与其他危害健康行为的相互关系，为毕业生危害健康行为的干预提供依据。方法问卷调查814名本科毕业生的饮酒状况和其他14项危害健康行为，并进行Logistic回归分析。结果男生饮酒报告率高于女生，且有显著性差异（x^2=7．90，P〈0．01），其中7种因素与饮酒行为类型有显著联系（P〈0．01），饮酒行为与生活压力、朋友经常喝酒、同学互请应酬和恋爱状况呈正向相关；经Logistic回归分析，饮酒行为与性别、吸烟、打架行为、使用违禁药品、异性性行为、参与赌博、通宵娱乐、醉酒闹事等8项相关因素和危害行为呈正相关。结论毕业生饮酒行为较普遍，饮酒行为与其它危害健康行为有密切关联，应采取有效的干预措施。     

柳州市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式分析

目的 探讨广西柳州市青少年健康危险行为聚集模式及特点.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,于2009年抽取柳州市区3 720名大中学生进行问卷调查,采用样本聚类方法对12种健康危险行为进行聚类分析.结果 男女生行为聚集模式分为5组:低危险组男生构成比为34.79%,女生构成比为38.59%;骑车违规高发的中度危险组男生构成比为19.37%,女生构成比为25.65%;饮酒高发的中度危险组男生构成比为27.38%,女生构成比为18.03%;较高危险组男生构成比为9.56%,女生构成比为10.60%;高危险组男生构成比为8.91%,女生构成比为7.13%;男、女生骑车违规高发的中度危险组行为聚集现象不明显,饮酒高发的中度危险组与赌博等行为聚集,较高危险组男生打架、女生焦虑发生率最高,为100%,高危险组男女生均呈现外显行为和内隐行为高度聚集现象;吸烟是女生高危险组的标志性行为,是男生较高危险组、高危险组的标志性行为.结论 青少年健康危险行为聚集方式多样,应分别针对男、女生行为聚集特征,分级采取综合干预策略.     

高中生吸烟行为特征及与其他危险行为关系分析

目的了解蚌埠市高中生的吸烟特征,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样,在蚌埠市区12所中学高中班中随机抽取11所中学22个班的全体学生进行问卷调查。结果3 131名高中生中,有800名高中生曾经吸过一整支烟,曾经吸烟率为25.6%,男生高于女生,其中,35.8%的学生吸一整支烟时的年龄<13岁,15~16岁是青少年尝试吸烟的高发年龄。8.9%的高中生曾有过经常性吸烟行为。在调查前30 d,4.6%的学生在学校吸烟,男生高于女生;4.9%的学生平均每天吸烟≥2支,男生高于女生;获得香烟的方式以在商店买烟为主,占50.5%。多因素logistic回归分析表明:最近12个月打架,厌学情绪、最近30 d饮酒、谈恋爱、性行为、最近7 d上网吧、参加校内运动队、性别对高中生吸烟影响最大。结论应及早对青少年进行控制吸烟的健康教育,使他们认识到吸烟的危害,自觉抵制烟草。同时对其他相关危险行为进行干预,以发挥干预措施的综合效应,提高控烟效果。     

武陵山区少数民族青少年健康危险行为及聚集模式分析

了解武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年健康危险行为及聚集模式特点,为开展针对少数民族地区青少年的健康教育工作提供参考.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2018年9-10月从湘西土家族苗族自治州、怀化通道侗族自治县、张家界桑植县白族乡共抽取8所农村中学的4 162名青少年,对其健康危险行为进行问卷调查.采用两步聚类法分析男、女生危险行为聚集模式组的特点.结果 武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年吸烟、饮酒、步行违规、非安全游泳、打架、自杀意念、常感孤独、常失眠、抑郁、网络成瘾行为发生率分别为18.9%,31.0%,49.6%,32.3%,28.6%,18.3%,16.3%,12.4%,16.3%,6.7%;土家族青少年打架(31.4%)、苗族青少年非安全游泳(45.1%)、侗族青少年饮酒(34.8%)、白族青少年步行违规(52.9%)发生率最高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).低危险组中,男生322名(16.4%),女生496名(22.5%);较低危险组中,男生377名(19.3%),女生536名(24.3%);内隐行为高危险组中,男生518名(26.5%),女生758名(34.4%);外显行为高危险组中,男生741名(37.8%),女生414名(18.8%).23.1%的青少年发生≥4种的健康危险行为,男生高于女生(x2=183.52,P<0.01),苗族青少年的比例最高(28.2%).结论 武陵山区农村4个少数民族青少年健康危险行为发生率较高,民族差异较明显;男生外显危险行为、女生内隐危险行为聚集明显.应针对不同少数民族青少年健康危险行为发生的特点采取分级指导,综合干预.     

包头地区中学生饮酒行为与认知分析

近年来中学生饮酒行为有上升趋势。中学时期饮酒对其成年后饮酒有一定影响 ,并且中学生过量饮酒对神经系统发育及学习均可产生不良作用[1] 。能客观反映当前中学生饮酒状况及相关因素对开展中学生饮酒行为健康教育有重要意义。笔者于 2 0 0 0年 4月进行了此项调查。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　选择包头市区和旗县区各两所中学初四至高三年级学生为调查对象。按在校生比例 ,采用分层整群抽样方法共抽取 136 5名学生。其中市区 6 2 9名 (男生 2 79名 ,女生 35 0名 ) ,旗县区 736名 (男生 378名、女生 35 8名 ) ,年龄 14～ 2 0岁。1.2　方法　采…     

大学生酒依赖行为倾向及相关因素研究

目的：探索大学生酒依赖倾向影响因素。方法：在４所省属大学,对１～４年级共８８４名学生的饮酒行为及其他危害健康行为进行无记名问卷调查,并对学生的心理进行了抑郁和焦虑症状评定。结果：１３．０％的学生报告显示有酒依赖行为倾向（男生为１７．５％,女生为１．６％）,多因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析结果表明,大学男生酒依赖行为倾向与某些社会因素（学生来源于农村、年级升高、母亲大专以上学历）、心理因素（焦虑症状）     

Covariation of cigarette smoking and other health-risk behaviors among Japanese high school students: a preliminary study

This study aims to determine if cigarette smoking is associated with engaging in other health-risk behaviors among high school students in Japan. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were conducted in 1999 using a sample of 1,466 students (male: 50.5%, female: 49.5%) in grades 10 through 12 at seven public senior high schools in urban areas of Okinawa, Japan. Health-risk behaviors studiedal included cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, thinner use, sexual intercourse, suicidal ideation, nonuse of seat belts, physical inactivity, and weight loss practices. In the logistic regression models, controlled for sociodemographic variables, smoking was significantly associated with all health-risk behaviors except physical inactivity. In particular, associations of alcohol drinking and sexual intercourse with smoking were strong. Among male students, statistically significant odds ratios existed for alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, and nonuse of seat belts. Among female students, all of the odds ratios for health-risk behaviors were statistically significant, except for physical inactivity. Generally, the odds ratios of female students were higher than those of male students. In conclusion, high school students who smoked cigarettes in this study may be at higher risk for engaging in other health-risk behaviors. Particularly, alcohol drinking and sexual intercourse are more likely to co-occur with smoking. These findings suggest that smoking prevention programs should be integrated with other health-risk behaviors.     

Food and weight-related patterns and behaviors of Hmong adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the food and weight-related behaviors of Hmong adolescents. This study assessed these behaviors in Hmong adolescents and determined if they differed between Hmong and white teens or by country of birth. DESIGN: School-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Hmong (n=649) and white (n=2,260) adolescents from 31 public middle and high schools in the Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, metropolitan area who participated in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Family meals, grocery shopping, and meal preparation; consumption of breakfast, snacks, and fast foods, physical activity and inactivity; body satisfaction, weight concern, body mass index, and weight-control behaviors. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Variables were compared across race/ethnicity and by country of birth using chi(2) tests and general linear model regression. RESULTS: Hmong students reported greater participation in family meals and more involvement with food purchasing and preparation. Fast-food consumption was similar among groups. Hmong teens reported less frequent breakfast consumption. The prevalence of overweight was higher in Hmong male adolescents than white male adolescents, but similar among female adolescents. Hmong students reported higher levels of weight concern, body dissatisfaction, dieting, unhealthful weight-control behaviors, less physical activity, and more inactivity than white students. Hmong male adolescents participated in extreme unhealthful weight-control behaviors four times more often than white male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Hmong adolescents appear to be at increased risk for obesity, body dissatisfaction, and unhealthful weight-control behaviors compared to white adolescents. There is a need for culturally tailored interventions to address these nutrition and weight issues among Hmong adolescents.     

The relative influence of health beliefs, parental and peer behaviors and exercise program participation on smoking, alcohol use and physical activity

This research specifies a model for lifestyle health behavior which includes socialization, social environmental and cognitive influences on smoking, alcohol use and exercise. Survey respondents were participants in university conditioning classes, academic health classes and a community fitness program. Of the socialization influences, drinking by both parents was directly related to drinking by females and drinking by the mother to that of males. Physical activity level of the father was associated with the activity of both genders. Parental smoking was not related to that of the respondents. Income was positively correlated with alcohol consumption in both genders and with smoking among women. In the immediate environment, drinking and smoking by male and female friends were directly associated with that of both male and female respondents with congruent gender relationships being strongest. Exercise by male friends was positively associated with activity level for both genders, as was exercise by female friends for women only. For college students, program participation was related to lower alcohol consumption among men only and higher activity level for women only. It was not related to the likelihood of smoking. For cognitive factors, belief in the efficacy of lifestyle change was inversely related to alcohol consumption for both genders and to smoking for women. Susceptibility to heart disease was associated with a low exercise frequency and smoking, while generalized susceptibility was directly related to activity level and to smoking. Self control over health was positively related to activity level. With one exception, the peer modeling variables had the strongest relationships of any of the model elements in the multivariate analyses. Gender specificity for modeling of behavior was found for peers, but not for parents. These findings suggest that prevention programs incorporate strategies to maximize peer support for healthful behavior and to counteract the effects of unhealthful behavior modeled by peers. Interventions to increase beliefs in the efficacy of lifestyle change to reduce risk are appropriate to encourage behavior change. When the change is underway, discussion of lowered susceptibility as a function of program compliance should reinforce the new behavior.     

Intake and blood concentrations of folate and their association with health-related behaviors in Korean college students

The purpose of this study is to assess folate intake, and serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, and investigate the association between folate status and health-related behaviors among Korean college students. A total of 169 students, aged between 18 and 27 years, participated in this study. Dietary intake data were collected by trained interviewers using a 24-hour recall method for three non-consecutive days in 2009. Information on health-related behaviors was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The average intakes of folate were 456 µgDFE and 347 µgDFE in male and female students, respectively. While the average serum folate concentration was significantly lower in male students (8.9 ng/mL) compared to female students (12.5 ng/mL), RBC concentrations were not significantly different between male (398.6 ng/mL) and female students (405.3 ng/mL). In male students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with total folate intake less than the Estimated Average Requirement, non-use of folic acid supplements, smoking, alcohol drinking at least once a week and low physical activity. In female students, low serum folate concentrations were associated with smoking and alcohol drinking at least two drinks at a time and BMI ≥ 25. Alcohol drinking and low physical activity were also associated with low RBC folate concentrations in both male and female students. In order to improve folate nutritional status of college students, the practice of desirable health-related behaviors, such as non-smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, regular physical activity, and maintenance of healthy BMI should be encouraged along with consumption of folate-rich foods and supplements.     

广东工业大学814名学生健康危险行为分析

目的了解大学生健康危险行为特征,以便有针对性地开展高校健康教育。方法随机抽取广东工业大学814名工科大学生进行健康相关行为问卷调查。结果814名大学生总吸烟率为47.2%,饮酒率为92.9%。男生吸烟、饮酒、服食成瘾性药物及有性行为的比例明显高于女生。吸烟与饮酒、自杀意念、性行为呈正相关。结论应加强高校健康教育,学生健康责任感及自我保健意识是学校素质教育的重要内容。     

内蒙古包头市大学生饮酒行为现状调查

目的了解包头市大学生饮酒现状，为对该人群进行健康教育提供依据。方法从包头市的3所大学随机抽取在校生共计1800名，以不记名方式进行问卷调查。结果男、女生及整体饮酒率分别是81．24％，35．06％和58．39％。74．13％的男性饮酒者和80．26％的女性饮酒者每月饮酒1～2次，4．03％的男性饮酒者和5．26％的女性饮酒者每天饮酒1～2次。结论包头市大学生男生饮酒率较女生为高。家庭居住地区在农村的学生较家庭居住地在城市等地的学生的饮酒率高。     

Alcohol use beliefs and behaviors among high school students

Purpose: To identify specific alcohol use beliefs and behaviors among local high school students; to determine whether relationships exist between alcohol use and various sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviors; and to assist in the development and implementation of alcohol abuse prevention programs.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved the completion of a questionnaire by 1236 Grade 9–13 students (86% response rate) from 62 randomly selected classrooms in three Canadian urban schools. Data analyzed here are part of a larger lifestyle survey.Results: A total of 24% of students reported never having tasted alcohol, 22% have tasted alcohol but do not currently drink, 39% are current moderate drinkers, 11% are current heavy drinkers (five or more drinks on one occasion at least once a month), and 5% did not answer. Reasons stated most often for not drinking were “bad for health” and “upbringing,” while reasons stated most often for drinking were “enjoy it” and “to get in a party mood.” Student drinking patterns were significantly related to gender, ethnicity, grade, and the reported drinking habits of parents and friends. Older male adolescents who describe their ethnicity as Canadian are at higher risk for heavy drinking than students who are younger or female, or identify their ethnicity as European or Asian. Current heavy drinkers are at higher risk than other students for engaging in other high-risk behaviors such as drinking and driving, being a passenger in a car when the driver is intoxicated, and daily smoking.Conclusions: Heavy alcohol use in adolescents remains an important community health concern. Older self-described Canadian and Canadian-born male adolescents are at higher risk for heavy drinking. Current and heavy drinking rises significantly between Grades 9 and 12. Students who drink heavily are more likely to drink and drive, to smoke daily, and to have friends and parents who drink alcohol.     

青少年饮酒行为影响因素及教育对策分析

【目的】 探索青少年饮酒行为的影响因素及教育对策。 【方法】 对广州市2 845名初、高中在校学生的饮酒行为及其影响因素进行问卷调查。资料采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。 【结果】 高中生饮酒率高于初中生,差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.69,P<0.01)。男生饮酒率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ²=46.26,P<0.01)。以责骂作为教育方式、感觉孤独、缺课、晚回宿舍、父母饮酒是青少年饮酒行密切相关的危险因素(OR>1),与父母交流、学习成绩好、父母反对饮酒、认为酒精成瘾能致病是减少饮酒的保护因素(OR<1)。 【结论】 应充分调动各种积极因素,加强中学生健康生活方式的早期干预和教育。     

医学生饮酒行为及其影响因素分析

目的了解医学生饮酒行为的流行情况及其影响因素,为卫生及教育部门制定预防及干预措施提供依据。方法采用自填式问卷,对2所医科大学学生饮酒行为的经历进行回顾性调查。结果被调查的大学生总饮酒率为49.05%,男生为92.47%,女生为6.21%;随着年级的增加,饮酒率呈上升趋势;学生开始饮酒的年龄集中在13~18岁之间。大学生饮酒与个人因素、家庭环境、社会影响等多种因素密切相关。喜欢参加体育活动及母亲文化程度较高是学生饮酒行为的保护因素;而男性、18岁前曾被独自关在家中、目睹家庭暴力及父亲饮酒等则是学生饮酒的重要危险因素。结论大学生尤其是男性大学生的饮酒问题不容忽视,亟待在大学生中全面开展相关健康教育,宣传饮酒危害和推广健康生活方式。