基于非洲视角分析中非卫生合作现况及影响因素

目的:从非洲视角,探究中非卫生合作的态度、需求及主观影响因素,为深化中非卫生合作提供参考。方法:采用问卷调查法,对参加2018年中非卫生合作高级别会议的非洲政府官员、专家学者、医药企业代表等进行调查。结果:共回收有效问卷134份,接受调查对象来自35个非洲国家。超过90%的非洲代表对中非卫生合作表示肯定,81.5%的非洲代表所在单位具有合作意向,意向合作的重点领域是疾病防控(56.2%)、医学人才培养(55.2%)等;认为最有效的合作途径是通过政府协议或接洽(89.4%),影响中非卫生合作的主要因素是伙伴关系(87.3%);最容易开展卫生合作的国家依次为其他非洲国家、中国等(P0.001);影响合作难易程度的因素是政府和民众的支持(P=0.001)、安全风险(P=0.029)。结论:中非卫生合作影响因素多元化,政府作用占主导,可通过加强顶层设计,增进伙伴关系,畅通合作渠道,加强产品质量与认证,提升合作有效性。     

加强卫生系统：中非卫生合作的新航向

加强卫生系统的重要性和必要性是国际共识.但无论是西方发达国家援助机构对非卫生援助项目,还是中非卫生合作的重点领域,都较少涉及加强非洲国家的卫生系统.由于卫生系统的整体缺陷,阻碍了非洲大陆实施卫生千年发展目标.新中国成立以来,在建立健全卫生系统、改善人民健康方面取得了显著成绩.针对非洲卫生系统发展面临的突出问题和需求,在中非卫生合作中应本着尊重非洲国家自主选择卫生发展道路的原则,制定中非加强卫生系统合作的策略,更多地开展加强卫生系统,尤其是在农村地区建立基层卫生服务网络体系和覆盖全民的基本医疗保险的经验分享和试点项目.     

基于非洲疾控中心新战略规划的中非卫生合作探析

过去60年,中非卫生合作逐渐形成了多层次、宽领域、全方位合作态势。本文基于非洲疾病预防控制中心(简称“非洲疾控中心”)战略规划(2022—2026),梳理了非洲疾控中心的建立与发展、新战略规划的愿景与使命、六大支柱与十一目标及其实施框架,分析了新战略规划推出的机构改革背景与新旧规划的变与不变,阐明了中方机构与非洲疾控中心开展合作的必要性与紧迫性。提出了中方可在区域发展、机制建设、能力建设、数字化治理和成员国参与区域治理等多个角度与非洲疾控中心及其成员国开展深入合作,进一步增加中国在技术与政策两方面的影响力,提升中国在非洲区域卫生治理的话语权。     

中非卫生合作意愿及影响因素研究——基于对中非卫生合作高级别会议参会代表的调查

目的:探究影响中非卫生合作的主要因素,为进一步深化中非卫生合作提供参考。方法:采取问卷调查法,对2018年中非卫生合作高级别会议的中国与非洲国家参会代表进行调查;采用χ^2检验、Logistic回归等方法进行分析。结果:92.3%的调查对象支持中非卫生合作;83.3%的非方代表和73.2%的中方代表有卫生合作意向;中非双方合作意向重点领域为疾病防控和医学人才培养。通过政府协议或接洽被认为是最有效的合作途径;影响非方合作意向的主要因素是合作支持度、伙伴关系和医学人才培养,而影响中方合作意向的主要因素是资金的便利性和合作渠道。结论:中非卫生合作未来应该以疾病防控和医学人才培养为合作重点。中非双方应在政府引导支持下,巩固伙伴关系,加强产品质量与认证,疏通合作渠道,促进资金融通、技术交流与信息共享,进一步深化中非卫生合作。     

复杂理论视域下“一带一路”沿线国家卫生合作特点研究

目的:分析影响国际卫生合作的因素,对"一带一路"沿线国家的特征进行分类识别。方法:依据复杂理论和文献资料,梳理国际卫生合作的重要影响因素,运用SPSS22.0进行二阶聚类分析。结果:聚类分析结果表明62个"一带一路"沿线国家聚成3类,第一类国家16个,具有卫生需要小、合作关系弱、国别合作基础差、合作风险低等特征;第二类国家22个,具有卫生需要高、合作关系良好、国别合作基础好、合作风险高等特征;第三类国家24个,具有卫生需要一般、合作关系一般、国别合作基础较好、合作风险较低等特征。结论:国际卫生合作特点可通过SDG健康指数、HDI等级、国别合作度、国家风险等级、外交关系和卫生机制数量来识别,基于不同国家不同卫生需要、国别合作基础、合作风险及双边关系的特点,分类开展卫生合作。     

基于中泰卫生现况的合作策略研究

目的:通过梳理中泰卫生状况及卫生合作现况,探讨中泰卫生合作策略。方法:采用描述性统计及对比分析,探索两国卫生需求的差异和优先领域;采用PEST分析中泰卫生合作外部环境;SWOT分析中泰开展卫生合作的内、外部因素。结果:在卫生状况方面,中国在传染病防控、卫生资源供给方面较有优势。在卫生合作方面,中泰医疗卫生合作主体主要是国家政府,合作领域主要在传染病防控、传统医药和卫生人才培养等方面;医药产品贸易合作主要以西药及医用敷料为主。在外部环境方面,中泰双边关系较好、文化差异不大、国家战略契合。结论:传染病防控、卫生人才培养、医药贸易是未来中泰两国卫生合作的重点领域,全民健康覆盖、传统医药、跨境医疗方面的合作未来也具有较大合作空间,建议中泰卫生合作在这些领域优先开展。     

日本卫生发展援助及其对中国卫生合作的启示

目的 梳理日本卫生发展援助现状及策略,探讨其对中国参与国际卫生合作的启示.方法 使用PEST分析法,从政治(political)、经济(economic)、社会(social)和技术(technological)四方面分析日本卫生发展援助的外部环境,用近年日本卫生发展援助的统计数据分析日本卫生发展援助的特点,包括援助规...     

某部遂行中非合作论坛北京峰会安保卫勤保障的做法和思考

正2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会于9月3-4日在北京举行。峰会期间我部担任核心区国家会议中心安保任务,卫勤工作按照"跟进到一线,延伸到哨位,覆盖到单兵"的部署安排,贴近任务部队、贴近官兵需求,科学统筹,集中优势医疗卫生资源,在圆满完成卫勤保障的同时,对大型安保活动的卫勤保障进行了有益探索和思考。1主要做法(1)加强组织领导,构建全方位医疗保     

全球卫生与医学卫生国际合作

全球卫生是国际上迅速发展的新兴学科和研究领域,其定义显示出其跨学科和多学科的特点;该学科研究范畴包括健康决定因素与卫生公平、全球卫生治理格局、卫生合作模式等热点问题。了解全球卫生研究的热点问题对我国医学与卫生界,特别是教育和研究机构应对全球卫生变化所带来的机遇与挑战,探讨新的合作模式,积极参与全球医学与卫生合作,具有指导意义     

陈竺部长出席第三届中非卫生合作国际研讨会

2012年6月12～13日，第三届中非卫生合作国际研讨会在北京召开。卫生部部长陈竺出席会议，并发言展望中非卫生合作的前景。陈竺表示，中非卫生合作是中非友谊的精彩缩影，硕果累累。截止2011年底，中国政府已先后向65个国家派遣医疗队，累计在非洲工作过的医务人员近2万人。     

NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH POLICY AND THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH CONFERENCES

ABSTRACT: The biennial National Rural Health Conference has become an essential feature on the calendar of events for rural and remote health professionals, researchers, public servants and consumers. Since the first conference held in 1991, attendance has grown significantly, factors hindering the achievement of optimal health for all rural and remote Australia have been clearly identified, and recommendations for action have been endorsed by the broad rural health constituency. These recommendations have provided valuable input to the National Rural Health Strategy and many programs and policies of Commonwealth and State departments of health. Significantly, too, the first four conferences have facilitated greater collaboration among rural and remote health professionals and provided a major catalyst in fostering cooperation between consumers, health workers, service providers and governments.     

Mid-trimester abortion induced by intravaginal administration of prostaglandin F 2α-methylester suppositories

Mid-trimester abortion was successfully induced in 28 of 31 patients by administration of vaginal prostaglandin F ₂α-methylester. A suppository containing 1.5 mg was given every three hours. Two of the patients who failed to abort needed a D & C after 24 and 30 hours. In the third patient “ballooning” of the lower uterine segment was observed. The mean induction-abortion interval was 15.6 ± 1.1 hours. The mean dose was 8.5 mg. The patients were mostly primiparous women between 13 and 32 years with a mean age of 19.5 years. In 8 patients abortion was incomplete and surgical intervention was required to remove the placenta. Only one patient had an estimated blood loss exceeding 250 ml (approx. 1000 ml) which required transfusion. The most frequently encountered side effects were sleepiness and gastrointestinal disturbances (despite premedication with anti-emetic and anti-diarrheal agents). Postabortion lactorrhea is a seldom mentioned but real side effect of Pg-induced abortion. In general the side effects were minimal and never required termination of therapy. Midtrimester abortion with intravaginal PgF ₂α-methylester suppositories appears to offer a valid alternative to the presently available techniques.     

Transforming towards sustainable health and wellbeing systems: Eight guiding principles based on the experiences of nine Dutch Population Health Management initiatives

IntroductionPopulation Health Management initiatives are increasingly introduced, aiming to develop towards sustainable health and wellbeing systems. Yet, little is known about which strategies to implement during this development. This study provides insights into which strategies are used, why, and when, based on the experiences of nine Dutch Population Health Management initiatives.MethodsThe realist evaluation approach was used to gain an understanding of the relationships between context, mechanisms and outcomes when Population Health Management strategies were implemented. Data were retrieved from three interview rounds (n = 207) in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Data was clustered into guiding principles, underpinned with strategy-context-mechanism-outcome configurations.ResultsThe Dutch initiatives experienced different developments, varying between immediate large-scale collaborations with eventual relapse, and incremental growth towards cross-sector collaboration. Eight guiding principles for development towards health and wellbeing systems were identified, focusing on: 1. Shared commitment for a Population Health Management-vision; 2. Mutual understanding and trust; 3. Accountability; 4. Aligning politics and policy; 5. Financial incentives; 6. A learning cycle based on a data-infrastructure; 7. Community input and involvement; and 8. Stakeholder representation and leadership.ConclusionDevelopment towards a sustainable health and wellbeing system is complex and time-consuming. Its success not only depends on the implementation of all eight guiding principles, but is also influenced by applying the right strategies at the right moment in the development.     

古巴医疗体制发展历程及其启示

财富-健康的因果关系——这个曾经被人们普遍接受的观点现在受到了挑战。古巴作为中低收入国家,其国民健康状况却达到了发达国家的水平。介绍了古巴医疗体制建立与发展的不同阶段,从历史角度理解古巴医疗体制的概貌;同时勾勒了医疗配送和医疗融资体系,从医疗供给与需求的角度描述了古巴的公立医疗体制;最后从古巴的成功医疗体制经验中提出了医疗公平性对发展中国家的重要性、市场手段未必能够保证效率、基础医疗是成功医疗体制的基石,以及医疗供求市场的统一与分离的重新思考等4点对中国的有益启示。     

Joint reviews and inspections: Strategic forms of collaboration for strengthening the regulatory oversight of vaccine clinical trials in Africa

Vaccine developers are required to submit a clinical trial application to the authorities in each country where a clinical trial will be conducted. The application has to be made both to the relevant Ethics Committees and to the National Regulatory Authorities, and only after appropriate clearance by both can a clinical trial commence.     

县乡卫生机构纵向业务合作不同做法及评价

农村三级卫生服务机构的管理是发挥农村卫生服务体系功能的重要方面。通过对对山东胶南市和龙口市、黑龙江甘南县和龙江县、安徽凤阳县、浙江普陀区的调查,总结县乡卫生机构纵向业务合作的主要做法,并对其进行评价。在此基础上提出开展县乡卫生机构纵向合作应以帮扶为目的,不宜搞高度紧密型的兼并,乡镇卫生院不宜向医疗集团分院方向发展,同时分析纵向合作需具备的条件。     

上海卫生事业的历史性巨变与新世纪展望

从社区卫生保健、传染病防治、卫生服务质量和服务能力、医学教育科研体系、法制建设和执法体系、居民健康水平等方面的发展状况入手,阐述了上海卫生事业近５０年来的历史性变化。分析了面临的问题与困难,主要有传染性疾病发病基础依然存在,但慢性非传染性疾病已成为首要危险;人口老龄化带来的社会卫生问题日益突出;受诸多社会因素影响,卫生事业发展呈投入不足与资源浪费并存的局面;卫生事业宏观调控能力亟需加强,卫生改革有