浙江省传染病网报数据分析和利用调查

目的：了解浙江省基层CDC对传染病网络直报数据分析和利用的现状．为制订网报数据分析方案，建立有效利用直报数据的机制提供依据。方法：采用自填式问卷调查全省基层CDC中传染病网络直报工作相关人员．资料录入Epidata数据库．运用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果：网报主要用于查看疫情，对数据的利用进行疫情预警监测的较少（27．48％），96．04％的人员使用Excel对直报数据进行整理和分析，其次为EpiData（47．79％），而SAS、Stata等软件的使用率较低。软件使用熟练程度最高的是Excel（54．37％），其他软件使用熟练程度均较差。影响数据分析利用的主要原因是学历和统计软件的掌握。结论：目前浙江省基层CDC直报工作相关人员对直报数据的分析和利用程度较低，数据的统计技能不高．急需加强网络直报人员的培训。     

浙江省传染病网报人员基本特征及数据利用调查

目的了解浙江省基层CDC传染病网络直报人员基本特征和数据利用的现状，为制订网报数据分析方案，建立有效利用直报数据的机制提供依据。方法采用自填式问卷调查全省基层CDC中传染病网络直报工作相关人员，资料录入Epidata数据库，运用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果全省网报及其相关人员主要为公共卫生专业人员，学历主要为本科及大专，有少量研究生，职称主要为初级和中级。49．38％的直报工作相关人员认为目前网络直报系统的数据分析程度不高，仅27．48％的人员利用直报系统的数据进行过预测预警分析。94．83％的人员使用Excel对直报数据进行整理和分析，其次为EpiData（42．56％），而SAS、Stata等软件的使用率较低。软件使用熟练程度最高的是Excel（46．49％），其他软件使用熟练程度均较差。54．34％认为直报数据分析的困难主要存在于统计技能方面。结论目前浙江省基层CDC直报工作相关人员对直报数据的分析和利用程度较低，数据的统计技能不高，急需加强网络直报人员的培训，同时增加设备和资金的投入。     

浙江省传染病网报数据利用和需求调查

“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的建立和法定传染病的网络直报为疾病控制提供了技术平台,为了解浙江省基层传染病防制人员对网报系统的功能需求和数据分析利用能力,为进一步完善网报系统功能,2006年10月对全省基层CDC中传染病网络直报工作相关人员进行调查。对象与方法1对象全省11个地市级CDC及其所辖区县级CDC中的传染病网络直报工作相关人员,包括传染病网络直报数据管理人员和传染病防制工作人员。2内容统一制作调查问卷表,内容有基本情况、统计分析能力、网报认知及利用、网报数据利用和需求等方面。3方法采用自填式问卷表,对基层CDC中传染病网络直报数据管理人员和传染病防治相关工作人员现场调查。4资料整理和分析调查结果使用Epidata3.0建立数据库,进行双录入,并用SPSS13.0进行资料分析。结果1基本情况本次共调查484人,其中传染病网络直报人员119名,传染病防制人员354名,医院行政科室(医务处)人员7名,医院感染控制人员4名。被调查者中男性286名,女性198名,性别比1.44:1;年龄为21～60岁,平均年龄34.4岁。2网报信息利用情况2.1网报数据分析利用曾将“疾病监测信息报告管理系统”中的传染病数据导出...     

基层网络直报工作相关人员对有效分析和利用直报数据的需求情况

目的了解目前我国基层疾病预防控制中心(CDC)传染病网络直报工作相关人员对有效分析和利用直报数据的需求情况,从而制定相应的措施,提高直报数据的分析和利用的程度。方法对北京市和浙江省的基层CDC的传染病网络直报工作的相关人员进行自填式问卷调查,并对直报工作相关的医疗机构及卫生行政人员进行了定性访谈。结果需求主要体现在接受培训,获得信息,调整人员、设备和资金结构以及政策法规保障等方面。81.0%的直报工作相关人员希望能够接受数据分析和利用的培训;不同的机构或人员对疫情信息的需求有所不同;大多数人员希望提高基层直报工作相关人员的素质,增加资金和设备投入,同时健全法制建设,保障数据质量,以此提高数据的分析和利用程度。结论基层CDC直报工作相关人员对有效分析和利用直报数据有各方面的需求,应尽力满足其需求,从而提高直报数据的分析和利用程度。     

基层CDC传染病网络直报数据分析状况的定性研究

目的了解目前我国基层CDC对传染病网络直报数据分析积蓄及其影响因素。方法对北京市和浙江省传染病网络直报工作的相关人员进行座谈和个人深入访谈。结果大多数直报工作相关人员认为目前网络直报系统的数据分析程度不高;网络直报数据质量不高、直报系统统计分析功能不完善、直报工作相关人员统计技能较低、时间精力不足、用户权限分配不当等因素可能影响直报数据的分析程度。结论目前传染病网络直报数据的分析程度较低,需加强对直报数据的分析。     

哈尔滨市乡镇卫生院传染病网络直报能力现状调查分析

目的了解哈尔滨市乡镇卫生院传染病网络直报现状,为规范本市疫情报告管理工作提供参考依据。方法调查本市2011年乡镇卫生院传染病直报硬件设施配备、人员设置和待遇情况以及传染病诊断能力,并对调查数据使用SPSS13.0软件分析。结果本市共有204家乡镇卫生院实现了传染病网络直报,直报覆盖率为100%;实现网络直报的乡镇卫生院中,203家实现了光纤或者宽带上网;36.76%的医疗机构有传染病网络直报专用计算机;专职直报人员占35.51%;直报人员中初级职称占80.37%,预防医学专业占22.43%,中专学历最多,占60.75%;开展了院内培训工作的占91.12%;无实验室诊断能力的占47.55%。结论本市乡镇卫生院传染病网络直报系统运行状况良好,网络直报设备、人员配备及传染病诊断能力等方面有待提高。     

2009年宜都市传染病疫情网络直报工作现状调查

目的了解2009年宜都市医疗机构传染病疫情报告管理质量现状。方法利用《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》监测数据及宜都市目前传染病网络直报工作人员基本情况,对2009-01-01/12-31的传染病疫情直报工作进行调查。结果抽查传染病报告卡432张,其中报卡完整率98.75%,及时报告率100%,及时审核率100%,漏报率0.47%。全市网络直报率100%,用于疫情网络直报计算机的45.27%为2004年购置。全市网络直报人员中级以上职称占61.76%,均经过专业知识培训考试合格后上岗,但培训时间少于5 d,培训内容单一。结论 2009年宜都市传染病网络直报及时报告率和及时审核率较高,但网络直报设备较陈旧,直报人员计算机专业知识较差。     

肇庆市慢性非传染性疾病预防控制能力基线调查分析

目的了解肇庆市慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)预防控制(防控)能力现状。方法通过网络问卷对与慢性病防控工作相关的肇庆市所有疾病预防控制中心(CDC)和基层医疗卫生机构进行调查,采用调查问卷为《全国慢性病防控能力调查问卷》。结果共回收疾控机构和基层医疗卫生机构有效问卷分别为7份和109份,回收率均为100%。政策和基础配置能力:市级政府配置慢性病防控经费;肇庆市3.75%的CDC在岗人员从事慢性病防控工作,经费占总经费的2.37%,17.36%基层医疗卫生机构在岗人员从事公共卫生服务的慢性病防控工作,经费占基层医疗卫生机构总体财政拨款的11.38%。60%以上基层医疗卫生机构配置体重秤、身高计、腰围尺、血压计、血糖仪等设备。培训指导和合作能力:市级和县级CDC、94所基层医疗卫生机构开展培训;市级和县级CDC、90所基层医疗卫生机构开展现场技术指导;3所县级CDC与媒体合作。监测和评估能力:所有CDC均开展死因监测工作。3所县级CDC开展全民健康生活方式行动干预工作;所有基层医疗卫生机构开展35岁以上居民首诊测血压服务、65岁以上老年人免费体检服务和建档工作以及高血压和糖尿病患者建档工作和相应的随访管理工作;88所基层医疗卫生机构开展45岁以上居民免费血糖检测服务。结论肇庆市慢性病防控能力较薄弱。     

传染病疫情网络直报的初步探讨

目的为做好传染病疫情报告工作,提供合理化建议。方法建设传染病疫情网络,并通过网络运行的具体实践,探讨、总结疫情网络直报在疾病监测中的作用。结果着重从两方面总结了传染病疫情网络直报的建设及运行情况,并针对疫情网络目前尚存在的问题提出了5点建议：(1)加强网络的安全保密措施;(2)提高相关人员的网络知识水平和网络维护能力;(3)加强通信保障;(4)进一步完善与部队网络的联接;(5)加强相关人员的培训工作。结论传染病疫情网络直报在疾病监测工作中发挥着重要的作用。     

百色市2005年传染病疫情网络直报情况

目的了解百色市传染病疫情网络直报现状,及时发现网络直报管理中存在问题,以指导今后网络直报工作。方法收集《中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中的数据及2005年底百色市传染病疫情网络直报人员个人信息调查表,应用调查数据导出成电子表格形式进行统计分析。结果百色市医疗机构传染病实现网络直报率为84.25%,但仍有18.11%医疗单位出现全年零报现象。兼职网络直报人员占99.22%,初级职称占74.8%,来自医院的传染病报告卡占报告卡总数的67.51%,传染病报告卡网络代报率平均为4.33%。结论百色市传染病网络直报工作仍存在许多亟待解决的问题。建议进一步提高疫情报告人员业务水平,稳定直报人员队伍,制订网络直报工作的标准与规范。     

Review of software for space-time disease surveillance

Disease surveillance makes use of information technology at almost every stage of the process, from data collection and collation, through to analysis and dissemination. Automated data collection systems enable near-real time analysis of incoming data. This context places a heavy burden on software used for space-time surveillance. In this paper, we review software programs capable of space-time disease surveillance analysis, and outline some of their salient features, shortcomings, and usability. Programs with space-time methods were selected for inclusion, limiting our review to ClusterSeer, SaTScan, GeoSurveillance and the Surveillance package for R. We structure the review around stages of analysis: preprocessing, analysis, technical issues, and output. Simulated data were used to review each of the software packages. SaTScan was found to be the best equipped package for use in an automated surveillance system. ClusterSeer is more suited to data exploration, and learning about the different methods of statistical surveillance.     

Surveillance of pneumococcal disease in Australian states and territories

Information on pneumococcal disease, including immunisation programs, and optimum future surveillance in each Australian State and Territory were discussed at the Pneumococcal Disease in Australia Workshop on 26-27 March 1999. Workshop participants further expanded on the surveillance aspects of the Workshop in this report. Most participants favoured notification by laboratories of pneumococcal isolates from sterile sites, to provide baseline surveillance data before immunisation programs are fully implemented. It was also thought that trends in antimicrobial resistance should be notified.     

Building Influenza Surveillance Pyramids in Near Real Time,Australia

A timely measure of circulating influenza virus severity has been elusive. Flutracking, the Australian online influenza-like illness surveillance system, was used to construct a surveillance pyramid in near real time for 2011/2012 participants and demonstrated a striking difference between years. Such pyramids will facilitate rapid estimation of attack rates and disease severity.     

Pneumococcal disease and vaccination in the Americas: an agenda for accelerated vaccine introduction.

This piece summarizes the presentations and discussions at a meeting on pneumococcal disease surveillance in the Americas that was held in Mexico City, Mexico, on 2 November 2004. This meeting was organized by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). The meeting participants reviewed the status of pneumococcal disease surveillance in the Region of the Americas, estimates of the burden of pneumococcal disease, the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes that cause invasive disease, the status of pneumococcal vaccine introduction, health economic analyses, and financial issues related to vaccine introduction. The meeting participants also worked to identify the next steps for generating the critical information needed to help make decisions on pneumococcal vaccine introduction. Coordinated pneumococcal disease surveillance for the Region of the Americas dates back to the 1993 establishment by PAHO of the Regional System for Vaccines (RSV) project for surveillance of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia, including pneumococcal disease. Surveillance data from the RSV indicate that the distribution of major serotypes in the Americas has been stable over time (but that antibiotic resistance is increasing), with serotype 14 being the leading serotype isolated in most countries participating in RSV. Based on local serotype data from six of the RSV countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay), the 7-valent vaccine would cover 65% of serotypes, the 9-valent vaccine would cover 77%, and the 11-valent vaccine would cover 83%.     

张家港市2004-2009年细菌性痢疾流行特征分析

目的了解张家港市细菌性痢疾的流行特征及趋势,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2004-2009年国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的张家港市细菌性痢疾疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果张家港市2004-2009年共报告细菌性痢疾484例,年均发病率为5.63/10万,且呈逐年下降的趋势;各年龄组人群均有发病,以0～4岁组人群所占比例最高,占全部发病数的26.65%;职业分布以散居儿童和农民为主,占全部病例数的46.90%;发病具有明显的季节性,6～9月份发病最多,占全年发病总数的64.88%。结论张家港市细菌性痢疾疫情逐年下降,已低于发达国家水平。但流行因素仍然存在,应继续采取健康教育等防控措施。     

Probabilistic,Decision-theoretic Disease Surveillance and Control

The Pittsburgh Center of Excellence in Public Health Informatics has developed a probabilistic, decision-theoretic system for disease surveillance and control for use in Allegheny County, PA and later in Tarrant County, TX. This paper describes the software components of the system and its knowledge bases. The paper uses influenza surveillance to illustrate how the software components transform data collected by the healthcare system into population level analyses and decision analyses of potential outbreak-control measures.     

A stastistical system for detecting Salmonella outbreaks in British livestock

Worldwide, early detection systems have been used in public health to aid the timely detection of increases in disease reporting that may be indicative of an outbreak. To date, their application to animal surveillance has been limited and statistical methods to analyse human health data have not been viewed as being applicable for animal health surveillance data. This issue was investigated by developing an early detection system for Salmonella disease in British livestock. We conclude that an early detection system, as for public health surveillance, can be an effective tool for enhanced surveillance. In order to implement this system in the future and extend it for other data types, we provide recommendations for improving the current data collection process. These recommendations will ensure that quality surveillance data are collected and used effectively to monitor disease in livestock populations.     

学生健康监测信息系统的设计与实现

目的 研发深圳市学生健康监测信息系统,以实现学生常见疾病的早期症状监测、缺勤监测以及学校教学生活环境监测,为学校疾病的暴发发挥预警作用.方法 对学生健康监测的业务需求进行全面、详细的分析,系统采用面向对象技术开发,架构采用B/S模式,服务器端软件采用java编写,MS SQL Server作为数据库.结果 该系统以学校为数据端,以市区两级教育卫生部门为综合应用端,实现了学生传染病、食物中毒、伤害等疾病的早期症状监测和学生缺勤情况的实时上报、统计分析;也实现了学校教学环境监测的在线处理、反馈和报告查询、打印.结论 该系统满足了学生健康管理工作的业务需求,为学校卫生业务管理、技术服务及政府决策提供依据,大大提高了学校卫生管理工作的效率.     

Chronic disease surveillance systems within the US Associated Pacific Island jurisdictions

In recent years, illness and death due to chronic disease in the US Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI) jurisdictions have dramatically increased. Effective chronic disease surveillance can help monitor disease trends, evaluate public policy, prioritize resource allocation, and guide program planning, evaluation, and research. Although chronic disease surveillance is being conducted in the USAPI, no recently published capacity assessments for chronic disease surveillance are available. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of existing USAPI chronic disease data sources and identify jurisdictional capacity for chronic disease surveillance. The assessment included a chronic disease data source inventory, literature review, and review of surveillance documentation available from the web or through individual jurisdictions. We used the World Health Organization's Health Metric Network Framework to assess data source quality and to identify jurisdictional capacity. Results showed that USAPI data sources are generally aligned with widely accepted chronic disease surveillance indicators and use standardized data collection methodology to measure chronic disease behavioral risks, preventive practices, illness, and death. However, all jurisdictions need to strengthen chronic disease surveillance through continued assessment and expanded support for valid and reliable data collection, analysis and reporting, dissemination, and integration among population-based and institution-based data sources. For sustained improvement, we recommend investment and technical assistance in support of a chronic disease surveillance system that integrates population-based and institution-based data sources. An integrated strategy that bridges and links USAPI data sources can support evidence-based policy and population health interventions.     

湖北省2004年突发疫情流行病学分析

目的了解湖北省突发疫情的流行病学规律,及时发现和报告突发疫情,有效预防控制疾病。方法根据国家疾病监测信息网络直报、湖北省全年24小时疫情报告、突发疫情月报监测数据,使用Exce l软件进行统计分析。结果2004年湖北省共报告突发疫情152起,丙类和非法定传染病所致突发疫情占78.9%;2~4月突发疫情明显增多,突发疫情主要集中在学校,发病人群以学生为主,其次是农民。结论针对高危地区和高危人群做好突发疫情的监测和预防控制工作,同时需加大对丙类和非法定传染病的监测力度。