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1.
[目的]分析放射诊断受检者入射体表剂量监测用热释光(TLD)检测系统质量控制措施,提高测量结果的可靠性。[方法]在二级标准剂量学实验室对用于入射体表剂量调查的TLD剂量元件照射标准曲线和盲样比对,同时通过标准化的测量程序及设备的定期校正等来控制检测系统的监测质量。[结果]个人剂量与入射体表剂量盲样比对结果评定值与约定真值的偏差均小于±10%;三条标准曲线具有良好的线性(相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9996和0.9999)。[结论]本实验室热释光(TLD)检测系统的质量控制符合国家有关规范要求,监测结果准确可靠,能保障放射诊断受检者入射体表剂量调查的顺利进展。  相似文献   

2.
目的通过对个人剂量监测系统的质量控制,确保日常监测数据的可靠性,提高实验室个人剂量监测水平和能力。方法通过线性和能响实验、仪器最低探测水平(MDL)的核准实验和全国盲样比对,个人剂量达到质量控制的目标。结果两年的线性和能响实验结果变化不大,MDL核准实验结果一致,盲样比对结果合格。结论实验结果表明,该光致光个人剂量监测系统性能稳定。  相似文献   

3.
放射卫生     
,9252,阳江高本底地区居民剂t调查中的质且检验与评价/赵士庵一//中华放射医学与防护杂志一1998,18(3)一187~188 主要叙述了质量保证组(QA组)在整个调查过程中开展的一系列有计划活动及对调查结果分析和评价。在个人剂量调查中,QA组是通过实验室照射“盲样”和现场比对两条途径来控制、检验和评价调查组测量质量。对QA组和调查组现场比对TLD做了误差和频率统计分析。分析表明,1993年度调查组与QA组对应TLD偏差在5肠以内的占37%;偏差在10%以内的占63%;偏差在15%以内的占92%。图1表3参O(铁慧兰)最大限制剂量的1/5。贵州居民接受的天然辐…  相似文献   

4.
目的通过全国热释光个人剂量测量盲样比对,进行仪器测量质量控制。方法通过对仪器进行刻度,筛选剂量元件,选择合适的测量条件及剂量元件进行盲样比对。结果除0.2 mSv点的比对误差(12%~19%)较大外,其余0.5~8.0 mSv的六个比对点的误差在3.3%~6.4%之间。结论仪器刻度准确,比对结果良好。  相似文献   

5.
目的通过组织全国辐射环境监测系统开展热释光累积剂量(TLD元件)盲样考核,验证全国各省级辐射机构的实验室监测能力,有效促进全国各省级实验室放射性监测水平和数据质量的提高,增强全国辐射环境监测数据的可靠性。方法根据《能力验证结果的的统计处理和能力评价指南》(CNAS-GL02)的数据评价方法。结果本次盲样考核合格率为79.6%,大部分实验室的测量值为满意结果,但还存在不满意结果。结论本次盲样考核反映了当前全国辐射环境监测网络的测量技术水平,已建议相关实验室对存在的问题查找原因,采取相应改进措施,将有效提高整个辐射监测网络数据的质量和可信度。  相似文献   

6.
个人剂量监测的质量保证措施及参加2006年比对结果   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 实施个人剂量监测的质量保证措施.方法 参加2006年全国个人剂量监测盲样比对.结果 测量结果与约定真值的偏差在3%以内.结论 为了确保个人剂量监测数据的可靠性,重视个人剂量监测实验室的能力建设、建立完善的质量体系是从事个人剂量监测必须重视的问题.  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨建立诊断类适宜技术在基层推广应用的质量控制体系。方法:以NBAP检测技术培训应用机构的医务人员,进行现场结果判读和盲样考核。结果:现场结果判读的合格率为88.0%,盲样考核的合格率为77.1%。结论:规范培训和盲样考核是诊断类适宜技术推广应用质量控制的有效方法。  相似文献   

8.
目的:加强部队艾滋病抗体筛查实验室建设,规范实验室管理,提高实验室检测质量,为部队艾滋病抗体检测网络的建设提供依据.方法:制定统一的考核标准,现场实地考核并发放盲样质控血清即时检测,根据评分标准打分.结果:参加调查的20个艾滋病抗体筛查实验室,均制定了实验室管理规定和安全管理规定;有专用实验室的占95.O%,(19/20);主要仪器、设备达到标准的占85.0%(17/20);人员达到要求的占95.0%(19/20).检测10份盲样血清正确率达到100%,无漏检与错判现象.但开展质量控制并建立质量控制图的实验室只有50.0%(10/20).结论:部队艾滋病检测筛查实验室建设较为规范,检测质量较好,但实验室检测人员质量控制及生物安全意识有待加强.  相似文献   

9.
[目的]为保证医疗照射剂量监测结果的可靠性,开展热释光剂量(thermoluminescence dosimetry,TLD)方法的质量保证研究。[方法]在次级标准剂量学实验室进行TLD的分散性、剂量线性和能量响应特性实验;通过建立标准化退火和测量程序并对设备进行定期校正来控制监测质量。[结果]经分档后各档TLD的灵敏度差异〈4%;在0.3~20mGy的剂量范围内,所用TLD具有理想的剂量线性(R^2=0.9999);在医用诊断X射线常见的能量范围内,所用TLD的能量响应变化〈1.0%;盲样测量结果表明,TLD的测量值与约定真值偏差在-2.55%~0.12%之间。[结论]通过加强TLD的质量保证,可以有效提高x射线诊断受检者入射体表剂量监测结果的可比性和准确性。  相似文献   

10.
卫生微生物检测的质量控制,是实验室内检测工作的基础,直接关系到细菌学检测结果的准确性和可靠性.实验室间比对试验是用来检验实验室检测准确性的一种有效方法,微生物实验室问比对试验通常采用的方法是对混合菌种盲样的鉴定.现把近期参加的一次微生物实验室间比对试验活动报告如下:  相似文献   

11.
More knowledge is needed about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL). Objectives: To compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. Methods: A group comparison study was designed within a randomized controlled trial. Included participants were tested with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) at baseline and discharged directly home. Primary and secondary outcomes were the AMPS and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results and conclusions: Included were 154 participants (57% men, median age 73 years), and 103 participants completed the study. There were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. To find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills needs further research. Patients participating in the ESD rehabilitation models were, compared with traditional treatment, significantly associated with improved ADL ability measured by the mRS when controlling for confounding factors, indicating that patients with social needs and physical impairment after stroke may benefit from ESD rehabilitation models.  相似文献   

12.
A thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) postal dose inter-comparison was carried out amongst radiotherapy centres in Malaysia. The aim of this TLD inter-comparison was to compare the uniformity involved in the measurement of absorbed dose among the participating centres. A set of 5 TLD chips placed within acrylic trays were mailed to all participating centres for irradiation to an absorbed dose to water of 2 Gy. Measurements were made for 6 MV and 60Co photon beams. Results show an agreement of +/- 5% for all but three radiotherapy centres. The ratios of the TLD readings to that of the reference centre are comparable with other national/regional dose inter-comparisons. The importance of a proper ongoing quality assurance program is essential in maintaining the consistency and uniformity of doses delivered.  相似文献   

13.
目的 估算放疗技师在应急处理后装放射源卡源过程中的受照剂量。方法 使用仿真人体盆腔模型替代宫颈癌患者,填充石蜡的假人替代放疗技师,模拟放射源在患者的子宫口位置发生卡源事故的场景,采用热释光剂量仪测量假人的4个敏感器官(晶体、甲状腺、乳腺、睾丸)表面不同时长内的受照剂量,并计算穿戴0.35 mm铅当量的防护用品的防护效果。结果192Ir源强370 GBq计,无防护情况下各敏感器官在不同处理时间的受照剂量均小于0.12 mGy。在穿戴防护用品之后,各敏感器官的受照剂量减少1.7%~19.8%。结论 放疗技师在没有穿戴防护用品,192Ir源强为370 GBq,应急处理时间35 s内的入射体表剂量不超过0.12 mGy,只相当于做一次X线摄影检查的受照剂量。  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨热释光测量系统的质量控制方法,验证热释光测量系统能否准确有效的用于环境辐射水平监测。方法 采取的环境辐射监测用热释光测量系统质量控制方法包括热释光测量系统的稳定性检验、热释光探测器的分散性筛选、测量结果不确定度评定,并与高气压电离室测量方法进行对比。结果 读出器预热及测读过程中光源系数变化范围在0.070~0.073,稳定性符合使用要求;热释光探测器的χ2值为2.088,服从正态分布;热释光测量系统满足非线性响应、变异系数和能量响应的计量要求;热释光累积剂量测量结果与高气压电离室相比偏差最大-6.58%。结论 本实验室采取的质控措施可作为同类热释光测量系统的质控措施的参考;本实验室的热释光测量系统通过了各项检验,满足环境辐射累积剂量监测的使用要求。  相似文献   

15.
目的建立一种同时测定质控盲样中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的分析方法。方法采用SunFire-C18色谱柱(5μm×4.6mm×150mm),以甲醇+0.02mol/L乙酸铵(12+88)作为流动相,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定质控盲样中3种成分。结果苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠3种成分的分离效果理想,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9999,回收率在96.8%~102.0%之间,相对标准差苯甲酸为3.87%,山梨酸为1.51%,糖精钠为3.30%。结论HPLC法简便、快速,灵敏度高,分离度好,回收率高,结果准确可靠,适用于质控盲样中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的同时测定。  相似文献   

16.
目的了解监测技术机构对食品中农药残留检测水平,确保监测数据的准确性和可比性。方法制备3组相同基质不同浓度的农药残留质量控制样品,向每个参加单位发放一份含有毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、杀螟硫磷/三唑磷和联苯菊酯等农药的质量控制盲样;采用Z比分数法对检测结果进行评价;|Z|≤2为满意结果,2<|Z|<3为有问题结果,|Z|≥3为不满意结果。结果 162家监测机构参加考核,所有监测机构均按时提交了检测结果;毒死蜱的检出率和定量合格率分别为99.4%和93.8%;甲基对硫磷的检出率和定量合格率分别为96.3%和94.9%;联苯菊酯的检出率和定量合格率分别为95.7%和89.7%;杀螟硫磷的检出率和定量合格率分别为92.0%和89.6%;三唑磷的检出率和定量合格率分别为100%和91.9%。结论各监测机构在农药残留方面总体检测能力较强。未获得满意结果的机构能够及时发现检测分析中存在的问题,并进行有效的整改,保证今后数据的准确性。  相似文献   

17.
Entrance skin dose (ESD) was measured to calculate the organ doses from the anteroposterior (AP) and posteroanterior (PA) chest x-ray projections for pediatric patients in an Indian hospital. High sensitivity tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD, LiF: Mg, Cu, P chips) were used for measuring entrance skin dose. The respective organ doses were calculated using the Monte Carlo method (MCNP 3.1) to simulate the examination set-up and a three-dimensional mathematical phantom for representing an average 5-y-old Indian child. Using this method, conversion coefficients were derived for translating the measured ESD to organ doses. The average measured ESDs for the chest AP and PA projections were 0.305 mGy and 0.171 mGy, respectively. The average calculated organ doses in the AP and the PA projections were 0.196 and 0.086 mSv for the thyroid, 0.167 and 0.045 mSv for the trachea, 0.078 and 0.043 mSv for the lungs, 0.110 and 0.013 mSv for the liver, 0.002 and 0.016 mSv for the bone marrow, 0.024 and 0.002 mSv for the kidneys, and 0.109 and 0.023 mSv for the heart, respectively. The ESD and organ doses can be reduced significantly with the proper radiological technique. According to these results, the chest PA projection should be preferred over the AP projection in pediatric patients. The estimated organ doses for the chest AP and PA projections can be used for the estimation of the associated risk.  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: Commit to Quit II is a 4-year randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment plus moderate-intensity physical activity with the same cessation treatment plus contact control. METHODS: Sedentary women smokers (n = 217) were randomized to receive 8 weeks of treatment followed by 12 months of follow-up. This article outlines the study design, presents baseline data about the sample, and compares the sample to national samples and to our previous study examining vigorous-intensity exercise as an aid to smoking cessation. RESULTS: Married and white participants reported significantly higher levels of nicotine dependence than unmarried and minority participants. Higher levels of nicotine dependence were also significantly related to lower smoking cessation self-efficacy and higher levels of self-reported depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Additionally, participants smoked significantly more cigarettes (mean 20.6) than a national sample of female smokers (mean 16.1). On average, participants were significantly older, weighed significantly more, and scored significantly higher on a measure of anxiety than participants in our previous trial. CONCLUSIONS: Our sample consisted of women who were heavier smokers than national samples seeking treatment. It remains to be determined how this will impact their ability to attain cessation in the present study.  相似文献   

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