浦东川沙地区中小学教师精神卫生状况调查

目的了解浦东川沙地区中小学教师的精神卫生状况和心理健康的影响因素。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表和自制的精神卫生意向问卷进行调查和分析。结果川沙地区中小学教师SCL-90总均分为2．86±0．97，各因子分均显著高于全国成人常模（P〈0．01），阳性检出率为8．0％，只有34．3％的被调查者觉得自身心理健康。结论川沙地区中小学教师的心理健康状况不容忽视，性别、教授年级和家庭月收入等是影响心理健康的主要因素。     

硕士研究生心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨硕士研究生心理健康状况并分析其影响因素.方法 采用目的 抽样方法,以症状自评量表(SCL-90)和心理压力源量表,对广东省某高校硕士研究生进行问卷调查.结果 该群体SCL-90各因子分值均低于大学生常模,部分因子分值高于全国青年常模;因子呈阳性比例较大的依次为强迫25.2%,抑郁18.9%,人际关系敏感18.4%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与寝室同学关系不好OR=1.561,95%CI=1.190～2.047;与恋人或配偶关系不好OR=1.342,95%CI=1.044～1.725;读书计划完不成OR=1.282,95%CI=1.066～1.542;情绪波动大OR=1.614,95%CI=1.303～1.999;受到歧视或冷遇OR=1.430,95%CI=1.151～1.778;不知道职业生涯规划OR=1.606,95%CI=1.354～1.917,提示些因素是影响硕士研究生心理健康的危险因素.结论 在硕士研究生群体中存在不同程度的心理健康问题,应加强心理健康教育工作.     

山东省在读硕士研究生心理健康状况调查与分析

目的通过SCL-90量表了解研究生心理健康的基本状况及问题,分析问题原因,提出改善的措施。方法运用分层随机抽样方法,抽取了山东省10所高校424名在读全日制硕士研究生进行问卷调查。结果总体上看,研究生心理健康阳性症状出现率为33.3%;强迫症状最明显,占比28.8%;是否独生子女对研究生的心理健康状况有显著影响,非独生子女研究生的心理健康水平显著低于独生子女研究生(P=0.003,P0.05),出现心理不健康的风险是独生子女研究生的3.694倍。结论高校要重视研究生心理健康教育,完善组织机构,充实服务队伍,构建五位一体的研究生心理健康教育模式,面向全体研究生开展心理健康教育,着重祛除研究生的强迫心理,重点关注非独生子女研究生这个心理问题高发群体的心理健康状况。     

河南省5所三本院校大学生心理健康现状分析

目的了解三本院校大学生的心理健康状况,为三本院校开展心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,以整群抽样的方法随机抽取河南省5所三本院校大学生,对4481名有效被试数据进行统计分析。结果 93.15%的学生总体心理健康状况良好,与大学生常模相比,三本院校大学生整体心理健康状况较好;性别比较在敌对（t=2.68,P=0.007）、偏执（t=2.05,P=0.041）、躯体化（t=-4.25,P=0.000）、抑郁（t=-3.83,P=0.000）、焦虑（t=-3.15,P=0.002）、恐怖（t=-8.83,P=0.000）6个因子上差异显著;专业比较在躯体化（F=13.64,P=0.000）、抑郁（F=5.50,P=0.004）、恐怖（F=22.38,P=0.000）3个因子上差异显著;文化程度比较在躯体化（t=-2.22,P=0.027）、人际关系敏感（t=2.54,P=0.011）、敌对（t=-2.69,P=0.007）3个因子上差异显著;年龄比较在强迫症状（F=2.64,P=0.015）、人际关系敏感（F=3.60,P=0.001）2个因子上差异显著。结论三本院校大学生的心理健康总体状况明显好于全国大学生的整体水平。     

不同分娩方式初产妇心理健康状况与其个性特征的相关性分析

目的探讨不同分娩方式初产妇的心理健康状况及其与个性的关系。方法采用90项症状清单（SCL-90）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）分别对121例初产妇进行调查分析。结果分娩组抑郁、焦虑因子分明显高于对照组（t=2.127,P=0.036;t=4.116,P=0.029）;手术组焦虑因子分较顺产组高（t=2.759,P=0.008）,艾森克人格N因子分与焦虑因子呈正相关（r=0.401,P=0.025）。结论手术组初产妇存在明显的焦虑情绪,与产妇的个性特征密切相关。     

传染病护理人员心理健康状况调查

目的了解传染病护理人员的心理健康状况,为护理管理和干预提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院传染病护理人员进行调查。结果69例调查对象均为女性,年龄在35岁以下者占78．3％;学历：专科生占63．8％,本科占36．2％。症状自评量表（SCL-90）的各因子分值与国内常模相比均显著增加（P〈0．05）,存在的主要心理问题有躯体化、强迫和人际关系敏感;在人际关系敏感（t=2．259,P=0．027）、偏执（t=2．556,P=0．013）和精神病性（t=2．064,P=0．043）方面,专科生的得分明显高于本科生（P〈0．05）。结论传染病护理人员的心理状况较一般人群差,其中本科生的心理健康状况在一些方面好于专科生,提高护理人员的学历水平对改善心理健康可能有所帮助。     

某民族学院大学生需求与心理健康相关性研究

目的：了解民族学院学生需求与心理健康的关系。方法：采取分层整群抽样的方法，用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和大学生需求调查问卷（UNI）调查分析。结果：民族学院大学生SCL-90各因子分均值高于常模（t=9．52。P〈0．01）；土家族男生在躯体化和敌对、精神病性因子分高于汉族男生（t=4．88、t=5．14、t=4．97，P均〈0．01）；女生每组各因子均值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：民族地区大学生需要加强心理健康教育，重点应放在心理问题较多的低年级组。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化下太原市一线医护人员心理健康状况调查

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情常态化下一线医护人员的心理健康状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查的方法,于2020-06/07对山西省太原市20家相关医院330名一线医护人员进行调查,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查一线医护人员的心理健康,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行t检验、方差分析、线性回归分析和二元Logistic回归分析,探究一线医护人员心理健康的影响因素。结果一线医护人员通过SCL-90量表检出阳性症状的有20例,阳性率为6.06%(20/330);t检验和方差分析结果显示,不同生育情况、职称情况和是否担心被感染情况的一线医护人员之间的心理健康状况差异具有统计学意义(t/F=5.589、5.085、1.725,P均0.05);线性回归分析结果显示,生育情况和是否担心被感染是心理健康的主要影响因素(β=-0.12、0.12,P均0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,担心被感染是检出SCL-90阳性症状的危险因素(OR=3.44,P0.05)。结论担心被感染既是心理健康的主要影响因素,也是检出SCL-90阳性症状的危险因素。因此,即便在COVID-19常态化的疫情状况下,也有必要关注一线医护人员的心理健康并对其进行干预。     

护理学硕士生心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨护理硕士研究生心理健康状况及其影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表(SSRS)和应对方式量表,对273名护理学硕士研究生进行调查.结果 (1)护理硕士生SCL-90阳性检出率为12.45％.(2) Logistic回归分析显示,学费来源(OR=2.982)、自责(OR=2.731)是护理学硕士研究生心理健康的危险因素,年龄(OR=0.242)、解决问题(OR=0.357)是保护因素,以上4项可预测护理硕士生心理健康变异量的36.9％.结论 护理学硕士研究生心理健康状况较好,但仍存在一些心理问题；教育者应关注年龄较小、自费的学生群体,在护理学硕士研究生教育中,需注重培养其成熟的应对方式.     

广东某医学院校硕士研究生心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解广东医科大学硕士研究生的心理健康状况并分析其影响因素,及时发现该群体的主要心理问题和影响因素,为心理问题对策提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表对广东医科大学的医学硕士研究生心理健康状况进行问卷调查。结果调查355名医学硕士研究生,男生122人(34.36%)、女生233人(65.63%),年龄为18～34(25.47±1.87)岁;SCL-90量表总分均数为(149.71±50.31)分。医学硕士生与全国常模相比,在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等因子上差异有统计学意义(P0.01);SCL-90量表总分在每周锻炼次数、每次锻炼时长、晚上睡眠时间、睡眠质量、导师指导类型、与导师的关系和对导师的态度差异有统计学意义(P0.05、0.01)。Logistics回归分析显示,晚上睡觉时间(OR=1.57)、睡眠质量(OR=3.24)、和导师的关系(OR=0.58)、专业所属学科(OR=1.92)、经济压力(OR=2.06)是医学硕士生的心理健康状况的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论广东医科大学医学硕士研究生的心理健康水平低于全国大学生常模。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.