下岗职工家庭卫生服务需求和利用状况分析

采取随机抽样的方法调查了我国杭州、海口、保定、沈阳、成都5市下岗职工家庭健康状况,调查有效户为941户,共3050人,分析了下岗职工家庭卫生服务需求和利用的特点。结果表明,下岗职工家庭慢性病发病率较高,卫生服务利用不足,其就诊流向主要为社区卫生服务站,据此提出要深入开展社区卫生服务,保障和提高下岗职工家庭卫生服务利用水平,从而改善下岗职工家庭的健康状况。     

下岗和在岗职工家庭健康公平的比较研究

采取典型抽样的方法调查浙江省杭州市下岗和在岗职工家庭健康状况和卫生服务利用情况,比较2组人群的健康公平性,并对其卫生服务需求与利用进行了讨论。结果显示下岗职工家庭的两周患病率、慢性病患病率、未就诊率和需住院而未住院率均高于在岗职工家庭,医保覆盖率低于在岗职工家庭,经济困难是影响卫生服务利用的主要原因。建议应该关注下岗职工家庭的卫生服务需要,提高医疗保障的社会化程度,改善他们的卫生服务利用状况,促进健康公平。     

昆明市老年人健康需求与利用的情况分析

目的 了解昆明市老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况,探讨昆明市老年人卫生服务可及性、健康需求与利用的影响因素并提出相应的对策与建议。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取1 080名老年人进行调查。采用描述性分析、卡方检验和logistic回归等统计分析方法分析老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况。 结果 老年人患病率为41.85%,女性慢性病患病率高于男性;所患慢性病主要为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和COPD;影响被调查老年人慢性病患病的主要因素为性别、户籍、职业、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、工作现状、生活自理能力、自评健康状况和睡眠情况。老年人两周患病率为22.38%,两周就诊率为18.50%,住院率为12.24%。影响老年人两周患病的主要因素为目前健康状况、睡眠质量;影响老年人两周就诊的主要因素为家庭人均年收入、目前健康状况;影响老年人住院的主要因素是家庭类型、目前健康状况、吸烟情况和睡眠质量。结论 老年人的卫生服务需求相对于普通人群更高,但是卫生服务利用水平低,这就不利于老年人与普通人群共享卫生资源,容易造成卫生资源的闲置或浪费。应加强社区健康宣传教育、增加政府财政投入,同时加大政策倾斜力度,继续完善老年人口的卫生保障体系。     

昆明市老年人卫生服务需求与利用的情况分析

目的了解昆明市老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况,探讨昆明市老年人卫生服务可及性、健康需求与利用的影响因素并提出相应的对策与建议。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取975名老年人进行调查。采用描述性分析、卡方检验和logistic回归等统计分析方法分析老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况。结果老年人患病率为41.85%,女性慢性病患病率高于男性;所患慢性病主要为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和COPD;影响被调查老年人慢性病患病的主要因素为性别、户籍、职业、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、工作现状、生活自理能力、自评健康状况和睡眠情况。老年人两周患病率为22.38%,两周就诊率为18.50%,住院率为12.24%。影响老年人两周患病的主要因素为目前健康状况和睡眠质量;影响老年人两周就诊的主要因素为家庭人均年收入和目前健康状况;影响老年人住院的主要因素为家庭类型、目前健康状况、吸烟情况和睡眠质量。结论老年人的卫生服务需求相对于普通人群更高,但是卫生服务利用水平低,这就不利于老年人与普通人群共享卫生资源,容易造成卫生资源的闲置或浪费。应加强社区健康宣传教育,增加政府财政投入,同时加大政策倾斜力度,继续完善老年人口的卫生保障体系。     

河南省60岁以上老年人卫生服务需求与利用分析

目的 了解河南省老年人卫生服务需求与利用情况及其影响因素。方法 利用第六次国家卫生服务调查数据中河南省老年人的数据,分析其卫生服务需求和利用情况。统计分析采用χ2检验和logistic回归。结果 河南省老年人的两周患病率为49.89%,慢性病患病率为57.06%,两周就诊率为22.80%;70岁、文化水平低和自评健康状况差是老年人两周患病的危险因素;城市人群、家庭人均年收入低、高血压、糖尿病和自评健康状况差为老年人两周就诊的危险因素。结论 河南省老年人卫生服务需求较高。老年人卫生服务工作应以贫困老年人为重点,充分发挥基层医疗机构的作用,发展针对贫困人群医疗救助制度,以此提升河南省老年人的卫生服务利用率。     

下岗职工家庭健康状况调查分析

通过调查我国杭州、海口、保定、沈阳、成都5市下岗职工家庭健康状况,分析5市下岗职工家庭成员患病情况,采用卡方检验和Logistic分析,探讨下岗职工家庭健康主要影响因素。研究发现,影响下岗职工家庭两周患病率的单因素有性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度和经济收入等。通过建立回归模型进行多因素分析发现,下岗职工家庭两周患病和年龄、失业时间、人均收入、工作性质以及医保状况相关,并与年龄、失业时间呈负相关。在此基础上提出改善下岗职工家庭健康状况和整体生活水平的相应对策和建议。     

广州市城区居民两周患病及就诊状况分析

目的了解广州市城区居民卫生服务需求和利用情况,为更好地制定卫生资源配置政策提供依据。方法采用2003年全国第三次卫生服务调查中广州市城区有关居民健康状况、居民卫生服务需求和利用情况等资料进行分析。结果广州市城区居民的两周患病率为149.5‰,是否患慢性病是最主要的影响因素;两周就诊率为161.1‰,家庭人均收入是最主要的影响因素。两周患病率和两周就诊率均比1998年第二次卫生服务调查降低。结论居民卫生服务的需要量和门诊服务利用均出现下降,后者幅度较前者大。居民对门诊卫生服务的需求受到约束和抑制。降低慢性病患病率,提高居民收入及医疗保障水平有利于提高居民的健康水平。     

卫Ⅵ项目地区贫困居民卫生服务利用分析

世界银行贷款卫 项目针对项目地区最贫困的家庭开展了“医疗扶贫救助”活动 ,旨在提高特困家庭的卫生服务利用能力 ,使特困家庭的孕产妇和 5岁以下儿童能够公平地享受基本妇幼卫生服务。对项目实施 5年来扶贫家庭和非扶贫家庭的健康状况和卫生服务利用情况进行分析和评价 ,寻找出影响卫生服务利用的主要因素 ,提出了相应的对策和建议     

西吉县农村居民两周患病现况及影响因素分析

居民的医疗服务需求与利用及其影响因素是卫生服务研究的重要内容,卫生服务需求反映了居民的健康状况,而两周患病率是反映医疗服务需要量的重要指标[1].本文通过对西吉县农村居民进行家庭健康询问调查对居民两周患病现状及影响因素进行了分析与探讨,为今后农村医疗卫生服务工作重点提供参考依据,为卫生管理部门的决策提供依据.     

中国贫困地区特困家庭经济、健康状况和卫生服务利用分析评价

对实施 项目扶贫基金计划的部分项目县的目标人群进行抽样调查 ,根据调查结果 ,对项目地区扶贫和非扶贫家庭的经济、健康状况和卫生服务利用情况及扶贫对象对扶贫基金计划的了解和满意程度及需求等进行分析评价     

The Impact of Medical Home on Selected Children's Health Outcome

Medical Home practice has been shown to deliver effective health care to children. This practice model calls for providing patient-centered care that is compassionate, culturally effective, coordinated, integrated, safe, of high quality, and accessible. This study shows that children in the states with a higher amount of Medical Home received childhood vaccinations at a higher rate than others. However, Medical Home had a limited effect on the rate of children receiving dental/medical services, mental health services, or number of overweight children.     

The Communication Infrastructure as a Social Determinant of Health: Implications for Health Policymaking and Practice

Policy Points

• Persistent communication inequalities limit racial/ethnic minority access to life‐saving health information and make them more vulnerable to the effects of misinformation.
•  Establishing data collection systems that detect and track acute gaps in the supply and/or access of racial/ethnic minority groups to credible health information is long overdue.
• Public investments and support for minority‐serving media and community outlets are needed to close persistent gaps in access to credible health information.

     

我国卫生支出经费来源的结构分析

本文着重从卫生经济学角度对我国九十年代的卫生总费用来源变化情况进行实证分析,提出：随着市场经济的发展,我国的卫生经费来源结构也发生了相应的变化,已经由过去的单一国家投入变成了现在的多元化投入相结合的涛资模式。出现了政府预算卫生支出的规模和力度相对减弱,公共卫生服务经费的增长速度低于政府预算卫生支出增长速度,企业效益持续滑坡,无力支付日益膨胀的劳保医疗费用,居民个人卫生支出的负担比例增长过快等新情况     

Policy Commercializing Nonprofits in Health: The History of a Paradox From the 19th Century to the ACA

Policy Points:

• Health policy in the United States has, for more than a century, simultaneously and paradoxically incentivized the growth as well as the commercialization of nonprofit organizations in the health sector.
• This policy paradox persists during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Context

For more than a century, policy in the United States has incentivized both expansion in the number and size of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations in the health sector and their commercialization. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) began yet another chapter in the history of this policy paradox.

Methods

This article explores the origin and persistence of the paradox using what many scholars call “interpretive social science.” This methodology prioritizes history and contingency over formal theory and methods in order to present coherent and plausible narratives of events and explanations for them. These narratives are grounded in documents generated by participants in particular events, as well as conversations with them, observing them in action, and analysis of pertinent secondary sources. The methodology achieves validity and reliability by gathering information from multiple sources and making disciplined judgments about its coherence and correspondence with reality.

Findings

A paradox with deep historical roots persists as a result of consensus about its value for both population health and the revenue of individuals and organizations in the health sector. Participants in this consensus include leaders of governance who have disagreed about many other issues. The paradox persists because of assumptions about the burden of disease and how to address it, as well as about the effects of biomedical science that is translated into professional education, practice, and the organization of services for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of illness.

Conclusions

The policy paradox that has incentivized the growth and commercialization of nonprofits in the health sector since the late 19th century remains influential in health policy, especially for the allocation of resources. However, aspects of the implementation of the ACA may constrain some of the effects of the paradox.     

瑞安市不同人群健康教育效果调查分析

目的了解瑞安市现阶段的健康教育与健康促进的总体情况,探索适宜的健康教育工作模式。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法以问卷的形式进行调查。分别对瑞安市小学生、中学生和国家工作人员等6大类2 800人的健康知识、健康行为、健康状况及健康信息需求4大方面的内容做调查研究。结果健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率:最高的是国家工作人员,分别为82.77%和81.11%。健康状况:53.60%的企业员工感觉睡眠质量好或很好,22.00%的老年人睡眠质量差或很差;46.47%的小学生感觉心情好或很好;24.05%的中学生表示不能应付压力;60.00%的国家工作人员体重正常;38.57%的育龄妇女超重或肥胖。健康信息需求方面:71.96%的人通过电视获取卫生保健信息;小学生最想拥有食品安全与传染病防治知识;中学生最想拥有心理卫生与青春期保健知识;企业员工最想拥有急救与预防意外伤害知识;老年人最想拥有慢性病防治知识。讨论被调查人群的健康知识知晓率与健康行为形成率都低于国家卫生部《疾病预防控制工作绩效考核》的指标要求。调查人群健康状况总体良好,但仍有很多问题值得关注。电视、报刊仍是各类人群获取健康信息的主要途径。6类人群对健康信息内容的需求各不相同,食品安全、传染病防治、急救预防、意外伤害及心理健康等内容普遍受关注。     

社区健康小屋对部队卫生服务建设启示

健康小屋作为一种系统、全面的健康自测体系,对社区卫生服务建设发挥着重要作用。一定程度上,部队相当于一个封闭的社区,基层部队卫生机构相当于营区里的社区卫生服务站点,在部队中进行健康小屋的建设,可以更好地发展和完善部队卫生服务。     

SCHIP Directors' Perception of Schools Assisting Students in Obtaining Public Health Insurance

Background:  Health insurance coverage increases access to health care. There has been an erosion of employer-based health insurance and a concomitant rise in children covered by public health insurance programs, yet more than 8 million children are still without health insurance coverage.
Methods:  This study was a national survey to assess the perceptions of State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) directors (N = 51) regarding schools assisting students in obtaining public health insurance. This study examined the perceived benefits of and barriers to working with school systems and the perceived benefits to schools in assisting students to enroll in SCHIPs and what SCHIP activities were actually being conducted with school systems.
Results:  The majority (78%) of SCHIPs had been working with school systems for more than a year. Perceived benefits of working with schools were greater access to SCHIP-eligible children (75%), assistance with meeting mandates to cover all SCHIP-eligible children (65%), and greater ability of state agencies to identify SCHIP-eligible children (58%). A majority of the directors did not identify any of the potential barrier items. The directors cited the following benefits to schools in helping enroll students in public health insurance programs: reduces the number of students with untreated health problems (80%), reduces student absenteeism rates (68%), improves student attention and concentration during school (58%), and reduces the number of students being held back in school because of health problems (53%).
Discussion:  The perceived benefits derived from schools assisting in enrolling eligible students into SCHIPs are congruent with the mission of schools. Schools need to become proactive in helping to establish a healthy student body, which is more likely to be an academically successful body.