首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 76 毫秒
1.
刘武忠  秦景香  翁玮  郑爱国  陈虹 《职业与健康》2010,26(23):2745-2747
目的为及时掌握和分析近10年上海市宝山区尘肺病发病的新情况及新问题,总结和分析尘肺病发病和诊断的新特点及流行特征,为加强尘肺病预防控制和制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用1999—2008年上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心收集到的所有有资质的尘肺病诊断机构出具的且尘肺病病人被诊断为尘肺病前工作地在宝山的尘肺病诊断证明书或尘肺病报告卡,剔除复查和晋级诊断病例,用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库并录入数据,通过SPSS12.0软件进行统计分析。结果 1999—2008年宝山区共确诊尘肺病101例,其中男性99例,占98.02%;女性2例,占1.98%。发病年龄范围为31~87岁,平均发病年龄(57.0±14.8)岁。Ⅰ期尘肺85例,占84.2%;Ⅱ期尘肺13例,占12.9%;Ⅲ期尘肺3例,占3.0%。有15.9%的病人没有得到早期预防。尘肺病种类分布相对集中,其中矽肺45例,占44.6%;焊工尘肺36例,占35.6%;铸工尘肺16例,占15.8%;其他尘肺4例,占4%。尘肺病人主要集中在铸造、水泥、金属冶炼、钢结构制造等行业。非公有制企业工人发病较公有制企业工人发病年轻,尘肺病发病与年份和季度无关,发病工龄越短,尘肺病期别越高。区内没有职业病诊断机构,所有职业病均为外区机构诊断。结论宝山区尘肺病发病态势依然严峻,既有传统矽肺、铸工尘肺,也有近年发展较快的焊工尘肺,政府、企业、职业卫生技术服务机构、工人各方应各负其责,重视尘肺的防治工作。  相似文献   

2.
目的 浅析近5a龙岩市尘肺病发病特点。方法 对1999~2003年新诊断的尘肺病患者的发病工龄、发病年龄、晋期年限进行分析。结果 尘肺病主要发生在煤炭行业,占95.38%;平均发病工龄18.7la;平均发病年龄45.42岁;264例晋期尘肺病例的平均晋期年限为7.5la;7例速发型矽肺都发生在乡镇企业。结论 煤炭行业是我市发生尘肺病的主要行业,乡镇企业应成为今后预防尘肺发生发展的重点对象。  相似文献   

3.
[目的]了解河南省"十五"期间尘肺病发病状况,为进一步预防控制尘肺病危害提供科学依据.[方法]以2001~2005年诊断的尘肺病例作为研究对象,分析尘肺病行业分布、病种分布、工种分布及尘肺病晋期、死亡情况.[结果]河南省"十五"期间新发尘肺病例1 931例,其中Ⅰ期1 502例,占77.78%,晋期病例264例,死亡33例.尘肺病集中于煤炭行业,以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,主采煤工、主掘进工、粉碎工为高危工种.发病年龄以40~50岁年龄组最多,发病工龄集中于1~10年.[结论]河南省尘肺发病情况依然严峻,职业健康监护覆盖面有待提高,应加大乡镇粉尘作业企业监管力度.  相似文献   

4.
2006~2010年泉州市尘肺新发病例特点分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的分析我市尘肺病发病特点,为尘肺病的防治和预防提供科学依据。方法以2006~2010年诊断和报告的尘肺病新病例为对象,分析尘肺患者的性别、年龄、病种、工种、发病工龄、发病年龄和所在工业系统分布等。结果2006~2010年尘肺新发病例101例,5年间呈逐年增加的趋势;尘肺I期64例(占63.37%),尘肺Ⅱ期28例(占27.72%),尘肺Ⅲ期9例(di8.91%)。矽肺和煤工尘肺是主要的尘肺病,分别占总例数的71.29%和26.73%;尘肺病主要发生在煤炭和建材行业,工种以主掘进、采煤工、石工及破碎工为主;平均发病年龄为49.47岁,平均发病工龄为12.80年,其中煤炭和建材行业尘肺的平均发病工龄分别为16.32年和9.31年,经统计学检验,二者差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论我市尘肺病防治工作形势严峻,必须严格遵循三级预防的原则,进一步加强对重点行业、重点工种职业人群的健康监护工作,从而遏制尘肺病例的上升趋势。  相似文献   

5.
目的为了降低尘肺病的发病率,探讨尘肺病对职工的危害,分析了解其预后和寻求防治对策。方法对阳泉市1963~2002年诊断的5 149例尘肺病患者进行回顾性调查分析。结果阳泉市累计尘肺病发病5 149例,Ⅰ期为3 155例,Ⅱ期为1 546例,Ⅲ期为448例;尘肺种类排序前三位为煤工尘肺占54.26%,矽肺41.23%,铸工尘肺3.26%;尘肺合并结核率随期别增高而增加,Ⅰ期为19.81%,Ⅱ期为25.42%,Ⅲ期为47.10%,经统计学检验有显著性差异(P<0.01);矽肺与煤工尘肺的平均发病工龄分别为17.14年、24.34年,经统计学检验,二者有高度显著性差异(P<0.01),有2 030例尘肺患者死亡,病死率为39.43%,死亡原因肺部疾患列第一,各种癌症列第二。结论尘肺病患病的期别与合并结核关系密切,矽肺的危害要大于煤工尘肺的危害,尘肺病患者由于肺部疾患引起的肺功能障碍导致死亡占死因的第一位,为了延长尘肺病人寿命,要对尘肺病人进行定期体检,增强尘肺病人的抵抗力,以保护患者的身体健康。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]探讨某有色金属公司50年来尘肺病发病的动态变化。[方法]对某有色金属公司50年来确诊为尘肺病患者的有关资料,按全国尘肺流行病学调查方案进行分析,建立数据库并进行统计处理。[结果]50年来共诊断尘肺病人1896例,死亡1112例,现患784例;尘肺病人的主要工种为凿岩、运搬、支柱和爆破;尘肺病的平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄逐年增加;尘肺结核的发病率逐年下降;尘肺病的病程逐年延长;早期肺结核是尘肺病的主要死因;现在前四位死因分别为呼吸系统疾病、肺结核、恶性肿瘤和心血管系统疾病。[结论]综合防尘及综合治疗措施延迟了尘肺的发病,延长了尘肺病患者的寿命,但尘肺病的防治任务仍任重而道远。  相似文献   

7.
杨汝艳  张士军  霍亚平  周日辉 《职业与健康》2010,26(22):F0002-F0002,F0003
目的了解连云港市尘肺病的发病状况及流行特征,做好尘肺病的预防工作。方法采用流行病学方法,对连云港市2003—2008年新诊断尘肺病资料进行统计分析。结果新诊断尘肺病138例,分布于10个行业系统,Ⅰ期108人,Ⅱ期28例,Ⅲ期2例,分别占78.26%、20.29%、1.45%。2003年诊断尘肺病例的平均发病工龄明显长于2007、2008年诊断病例,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。尘肺病例中接尘工龄小于或等于5年的有35例,其中Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期各有17人,Ⅲ期1人,其中Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期主要来自私营企业,诊断于2007—2008年。结论近年来一些私营企业粉尘危害十分严重,尘肺发病的工龄越发缩短、病情越发严重。应加强尘肺病的防治工作。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解宜兴市近10年尘肺病发病情况,为尘肺病防治提供依据。方法根据尘肺病诊断、职业卫生调查、尘肺病报告卡等资料,对2004—2013年该市尘肺病发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果宜兴市10年间新发尘肺病215例;以矽肺和陶工尘肺为主,电焊工尘肺和铝尘肺是新的尘肺病种类,壹期占尘肺总病例的60.93%;男性病例近88%;发病年龄平均60.68岁,接尘工龄中位数为8.75 a,开始接尘年龄中位数30岁,不满18岁的有12例;接尘工种以粉碎、破碎和采矿为主;病例主要来自地质矿产行业和轻工行业,超过2/3的相关用人单位已关闭。结论尘肺病仍然是该市今后一段时期内的职业病防治重点。  相似文献   

9.
目的分析闽西矿区2005-2011年尘肺病发病情况及特点,为龙岩市职业健康监护体系制定尘肺病预防策略提供依据。方法选取2005-2011年龙岩市CDC上报《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的587例尘肺病例为研究对象,采用SPSS 17.0软件包统计分析相关的报告信息。结果闽西矿区2005-2011年累计尘肺病587例。其中新发尘肺病449例,占总病例数的76.49%;晋期病例138例,占总病例数的23.51%。煤炭开采和洗选业尘肺病的平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄〔(50.48±11.06)岁,(27.28±11.69)年〕大于(或长于)其他行业尘肺病的平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄〔(45.05±6.52)岁、(10.27±5.85)〕年,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。不同行业壹期、贰期、叁期尘肺病例的平均发病年龄比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。矽肺平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄〔(53.52±12.25)岁,(28.76±13.70)〕年大于(或长于)煤工尘肺的平均发病年龄和平均发病工龄〔(49.50±10.45)岁,(26.26±11.35)年〕,具有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。尘肺病合并肺TB的合并率为3.07%。结论闽西矿区尘肺发病情况严重,职业健康监护覆盖面有待提高。  相似文献   

10.
1993~2002年淮北矿区尘肺发病情况分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的分析和研究淮北矿区1993~2002年尘肺发病的特点。方法对淮北矿区近10年确诊的1 660例尘肺患者发病的基本情况资料建立数据库,按全国尘肺流行病学调查设计方案进行分析和研究。结果1993~2002年按国家1987年尘肺诊断标准诊断尘肺1 660例,尘肺检出率为2.48%,尘肺病人的检出率无明显下降趋势,近10年尘肺发病年龄为(53.19±8.55)岁,发病工龄为(24.19±7.32)年,平均发病年龄以铸工尘肺为最小,平均发病工龄以电焊工为最短。结论煤矿尘肺发病率仍然较高,矿区尘肺病防治工作仍以煤矿采、掘工为主,煤矿企业尘肺病防治工作需要进一步加强。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号