中国甘南藏区育龄期妇女阴道乳酸杆菌与部分菌群关系的调查

目的 调查中国甘南藏区育龄期妇女生殖道乳酸杆菌及各菌群之间的关系,从而掌握少数民族地区妇女阴道菌群的情况.方法 分别采用悬滴法、革兰氏染色法和培养法对673例宫颈、阴道分泌物进行乳酸杆菌属、念珠菌属、线索细胞、滴虫检查.结果 673例标本中,共检出乳酸杆菌534例,其中以嗜酸乳酸杆菌165例占优势;共检出念珠菌101例,其中白色念珠菌68例;共检出线索细胞89例、滴虫98例;在检出乳酸杆菌的标本中,念珠菌、线索细胞、滴虫的检出率依次为6.4%、7.8%、13.3%;未检出乳酸杆菌的标本中,上述病原体的检出率依次为48.2%、33.8%、19.4%,经统计学分析,两类标本中念珠菌、线索细胞的检出率差异均有统计学意义,P<0.001,滴虫的检出率差异无统计学意义,P>0.05.结论 中国甘南藏区妇女阴道内乳酸杆菌以嗜酸乳酸杆菌为优势菌,念珠菌以白色念珠菌为优势菌;这些标本中乳酸杆菌对念珠菌、线索细胞的生长均有抑制作用,对滴虫无明显的抑制作用.     

复方百蛇洗剂对VVC及RVVC患者阴道内乳酸杆菌生存状态的研究

目的观察复方百蛇洗剂在假丝酵母菌有效抑菌浓度下对阴道内乳酸杆菌的抑制情况。方法取门诊就诊的60例外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC）及30例复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis,RVVC）妇女阴道分泌物,分别培养分离乳酸杆菌,用药物平板倾注法观察复方百蛇洗剂对乳酸杆菌的抑制情况。结果两组患者阴道内检到乳酸杆菌分离率差异无统计学意义（x2=2.920,P=0.087）;0.25、0.5、1、2 g/m L 4种浓度的复方百蛇洗剂对乳酸杆菌没有抑制作用。结论 2 g/m L以下浓度的复方百蛇洗剂对阴道乳酸杆菌没有抑制作用。     

老年白色念珠菌感染相关因素分析

目的　探讨老年白色念珠菌感染特点和预防措施 ,预防和控制老年白色念珠菌感染。方法　对35 8例老年患者院内感染情况进行回顾性调查。结果　院内感染中 ,白色念珠菌感染率为 1 7.0 4 % ,病死率为 8.2 0 %。感染部位以下呼吸道为主 (73.70 % ) ,感染与住院时间长、长期联用多种抗生素、使用糖皮质类固醇激素 (GCS)、免疫低下、营养差及侵入性操作等因素有关。结论　应重视各种诱发因素 ,采取综合性预防措施 ,有效地减少医院白色念珠菌感染     

顶体酶抑制剂EGB的急性毒性,阴道粘膜刺激性和阴道乳酸杆菌抑菌实验研究

本文对一种新合成的精子顶体酶抑制剂EGB的急性毒性,阴道粘膜刺激性和对阴道乳酸杆菌的影响进行了实验研究。研究结果表明:EGB 小鼠腹腔注射给药LD_(50)为228.9±20.9mg/kg体重,口服灌胃给药LD_(50)>5g/kg体重。对局部阴道粘膜的刺激性在可接受范围之内。当给药浓度高达100mg/ml时对人阴道乳酸杆菌的生长繁殖仍无抑制作用。因此,作者认为EGB作为局部阴道外用避孕药是安全,可靠的。     

过氧化氢对白色念珠菌DNA破坏的研究

本文用热变性温度法研究一定浓度 H_2O_2对 C.albicans DNA 破坏作用。结果表明,经6%和10%H_2O_2处理后,C.albicans DNA G c Mol%(分别为28.1±0.82和14.4±1.51)显著低于对照 DNA G C Mol%(85.9±0.62),并推断 H_2O_2可能作用于 C.albicans DNA 碱基以及其间的氢键上;DNA 电泳图谱发现,经3%和6%H_2O_2处理的 C.albicans DNA 电泳带明显不同于对照,提示 H_2O_2更易造成 C.albicans DNA 核苷酸链的降解或断裂.H_2O_2对 C.albicans DNA 的破坏,增强了其杀菌作用。     

RVVC患者阴道内念珠菌菌种情况的研究

目的探讨复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病（RVVC）患者念珠菌菌种的分布情况。方法采用API20CAUX酵母菌鉴定系统对阴道分泌物念珠菌培养阳性的320例患者进行菌种鉴定。结果100例RVVC和220例VVC患者中均分离出5种菌种,RVVC非白色念珠菌感染高于VVC（P〈0.05）。两者非白色念珠菌感染中均以光滑念珠菌为主。结论本院RVVC患者致病菌种主要有5种,虽仍以白色念珠菌为主,但非白色念珠菌所占比率较VVC增高,且以光滑念珠菌为主。     

乙醇与过氧化氢的协同杀菌效果及影响因素研究

目的了解乙醇与过氧化氢协同杀灭白色念珠菌效果及过氧化氢含量、硝酸温度和有机物等因素对杀灭效果的影响。方法采用以蒸馏水稀释试验菌、在试验中不引入干扰物质的悬液定量杀菌试验方法。结果体积分数为30%乙醇或10.0g/L过氧化氢的消毒液作用1.0min,平均杀灭对数值分别为0.93与0.77;含30.0%体积分数乙醇与10.0g/L过氧化氢的复方消毒液作用1.0min,平均杀灭对数值为>5.18;含30.0%体积分数乙醇的消毒液中加入1.2g/L的过氧化氢,平均杀灭对数值随过氧化氢含量增加而升高;硝酸对乙醇和过氧化氢复方消毒液的杀菌效果有一定提高作用,平均杀灭对数值随硝酸含量升高而升高;温度升高,平均杀灭对数值明显增大;菌悬液中含体积分数10%小牛血清,对该复方消毒液的杀菌效果有明显影响,平均杀灭对数值随小牛血清含量升高而减小。结论乙醇与过氧化氢对白色念珠菌有协同杀菌作用,过氧化氢含量、有机物和温度对其协同杀菌效果有明显影响,硝酸的影响较小。     

阴道乳酸杆菌生物拮抗作用的调查研究

目的 研究阴道乳酸杆酸对常见病原体生物拮抗作用的重要性。方法 采用悬滴法、革兰氏染色法和培养法对596例宫颈、阴道分泌物进行乳酸杆菌及病原体的检查。结果 369例标本中无乳酸杆菌，这些标本白色念珠菌、Uu，ＧＶ，ＨＰＶ, 滴虫、ＮＧ的检出率依次为24．39％、23．30％、11．30％、9．49％、11．11％、227例标本中有乳酸杆菌，这些标本上述病原体的检出率依次为45．37％、51．10％、0．44％、7．48％、0、1．32％。统计学分析，除Uu和HPV外，其余均差异显著（P＜0．01）。结论 乳酸杆菌生物拮抗作用重要，部分妇女阴道微生态系统受到严重破坏，应尽快研制开发用于阴道正常菌群调整的生物制品。     

乳酸杆菌小分子抗菌肽生物学性质的初步研究

目的：探讨从酸菜汁中筛选分离到的乳酸杆菌所产抑菌物质的生物学性质。方法：菌株HD1．7发酵液经提取、纯化获得具有抑菌活性的干粉，采用尿素-SDS-PAGE不连续凝胶电泳法确定该物质的分子量，并对其热敏感性、酶敏感性、抑菌活性的适宜PH值及部分抑菌谱进行测定。结果：该物质具有蛋白质性质，分子量为14000左右的小肽，热稳定性好，可被胰蛋白酶水解，PH2时抑菌效果最佳。结论：此小分子肽是一种具有研发价值的微生物天然防腐剂。     

竹纤维素浆粕抑菌效果研究

[目的]观察竹纤维素浆粕对几种消毒学指示菌的抑制作用。[方法]采用振荡烧瓶法对竹纤维素浆粕的抑菌效果进行观察。[结果]竹纤维素浆粕对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为46.99%、34.00%、35.94%、36.63%,与对照组差值均大于26%,显示明显的抑菌作用。[结论竹纤维素浆粕对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌均有明显抑制作用。     

含三氯卡班的香皂滞留抑菌效果的研究

目的:研究含三氯卡班的香皂是否具有滞留抑菌的效果。方法:采用对照试验的方法,选取含有0.75%三氯卡班和不含有三氯卡班的肥皂,进行手部清洗试验,计算抑菌率,按照判定标准判定含三氯卡班的香皂是否具有滞留抑菌的效果。结果:经20人次的滞留抑菌效果检测,使用0.75%三氯卡班的舒肤佳纯白清香香皂(Nemo Lite配方)12 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌的平均抑菌率为56.22%;使用0.75%三氯卡班的舒肤佳纯白清香香皂(PC28配方)12 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌的平均抑菌率为74.14%。结论:含有0.75%三氯卡班的两种配方的香皂均有滞留抑菌的效果。     

Studies on the response of Lactobacillus casei to folate vitamin in foods

1. Folate was measured microbiologically with Lactobacillus casei in extracts from a range of different foods at two incubation pH values, 6.1 and 6.8. 2. The values for folate content obtained at pH 6.2 were, in several instances, considerably higher than at pH 6.8. The 'positive drift' seen in the values for dilutions incubated at pH 6.8 were absent from results at pH 6.2. 3. A comparison was made of the ability of the two main sources (hog-kidney and chicken pancreas) of deconjugase enzyme to produce measurable folate and the hog-kidney enzyme was shown to produce consistently higher values. 4. The results presented here will have significance for studies of folate intake using calculations from food composition tables, in the light of the apparent discrepancy between calculated folate intake and the recommended daily allowances for the UK.     

Retaining the ability to work-associated factors at work

BACKGROUND: Prevention of work-related sickness absence has traditionally dealt with reduction of exposures to known risk factors. However, there is reason to believe that there are also factors at work that act as health supportive. This study aimed to identify workplace factors predicting retained work ability. METHODS: The present prospective cohort study included the follow-up of 6337 randomly chosen, gainfully employed Swedish women and men for 1 year. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses odds ratios (ORs) together with 95% confidence interval were calculated in order to estimate the strength of the associations between different factors reported in a baseline questionnaire, and retained work ability was defined as not being on long-term sick leave (> 14 days) during the follow-up. RESULTS: Work-related factors significantly associated with retained work ability were as follows: reporting the work as physically non-strenuous (women: OR 1.6; men: OR 2.1), working at a workplace where there are no plans to close down (w: OR 2.3) and feeling recuperated and full of energy (w : = R1.5), and often being in the mood for work (m : 1.4). Significant associations with retained work ability were also found for age, socioeconomic level, household composition, employment sector, and previous sick leave patterns. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight some factors at work, but also some in the personal sphere that are influential for retained work ability, regardless of sick leave patterns prior to the study period. Identifying such factors can provide valuable knowledge for workplace health promotion.     

A randomized trial to determine the distribution of four topical gel formulations in the human vagina

Background

There is an urgent need for the development of a topical microbicide to protect against sexually transmitted infections. We compared distribution and acceptability of four different gel formulations to be used as a vehicle for a microbicide.

Study Design

This is a randomized, double-blind comparative study.Six women tested each of the four gels at two different time points. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken both within 10-15 min following intravaginal gel insertion and 4 h following gel insertion, before and after simulated intercourse at both time points.

Results

Vaginal surface contact immediately after insertion ranged from 68% to 92%. Simulated intercourse increased surface contact for all gels (range, 90-106%). After 4 h, surface contact ranged from 86% to 102%. Simulated intercourse at that time resulted in decreased coverage for two gels and increased coverage for two gels. One gel was noted to have consistent broad coverage of the vagina both immediately and 4 h after insertion, increased coverage with simulated intercourse at both time points and the lowest standard deviation of disruption at all time points.

Conclusion

MRI used in combination with qualitative assessments of acceptability can be used to select optimal gels for use as vehicles for potential spermicides or microbicides. We conclude that a gel consisting of 3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1.5% of methyl cellulose is the most promising candidate gel.