正己烷接触工人36例脑电图分析

正己烷是一种元色或淡黄色的液体，为工业上常用的有机溶剂，是一种低毒类物质。2003年期间，我区某工具厂工人在生产流程中使用120号汽油（经浙江大学测试中心分析含正己烷，检测报告编号为JA112011）引起慢性中毒，工人感有头痛、头晕、恶心呕吐、失眠、多梦乏力等神经系统症状和体征。为此，该厂对接触汽油工序的36名工人进行体检，并进行脑电图检查，现报告如下：     

浸油工正已烷中毒4例报告

我所于 1999年 5月收治 4例在用溶剂油提取植物油生产中造成慢性正己烷中毒病人 ,报告如下。1　中毒经过该厂为个体制油厂 ,1994年投产 ,生产主要集中在秋冬季。以大豆为原料 ,采用浸油法提取豆油 ,用 6号溶剂油 (成分 :正己烷 9.3 % ,2 甲基己烷 17.6% ,3 甲基己烷 11.7% ,2 甲基戊烷19 .3 % ,3 甲基戊烷 15 .6% ,其它低于 3 %的单体烃 16种占2 6.5 % )加原料在浸油罐中 ,加热保温 2 4ｈ ,每次出油量约 15吨。厂房面积约 12 0ｍ2 ,高 5 .5ｍ ,为保温节能 ,门窗紧闭 ,无通风 ,无防护 ,4名工人每班 2人 ,每班 12ｈ工作。 1998年 9月将设…     

小鼠亚慢性正已烷中毒坐骨神经超微结构动态观察

本文以小鼠吸入正已烷染毒,通过对不同染毒期坐骨神经超微结构的观察,着重探讨了正已烷引起的坐骨神经病变及其恢复过程的动态变化,结果如下: 材料与方法雄性昆明种小鼠50只(卫生部兰州生物制品     

职业性正已烷与溶剂汽油中毒诊断中的几个问题

职业性正己烷中毒和职业性溶剂汽油中毒临床表现相似,故在诊断上常相互混淆。为了提高诊断的准确性,提出几点需要注意的问题。     

职业性正己烷中毒4例临床分析

正己烷［ＣＨ３（ＣＨ２）４ＣＨ３］是一种无色易燃、易挥发的液体,工业上常用于植物油的提取、橡胶合成及制造胶水、清漆、粘合剂等［１,２］。在生产及使用过程中易发生中毒,本文将我们收治的４例正己烷中毒患者进行临床分析。１　一般资料４例患者均为男性,在同一单位从事皮革刷胶工作。既往均身体健康,无长期饮酒史,无糖尿病等疾病史。其中例１,３８岁,作业工龄８７天。例２,３７岁,工龄７３天。例３,２５岁,工龄２７天。例４,２９岁,工龄１７天。主要工艺流程：将一种鱼皮胶分装入６００ｍｌ塑料瓶内,通过挤压使该胶均…     

正己烷中毒4例临床报告

对4例慢性正己烷中毒病人进行了临床观察。该病潜伏期4-12个月;以四肢无力,走路易跌倒为首发症状,直到发展为不能独立行走,跟腱反射,膝腱反射逐渐减退直至消失,前者损害早于后者,恢复则晚于后者;四肢及躯干出现不同程度的痛、温觉减退;可出现指间肌,小鱼际肌萎缩。     

职业性慢性正己烷中毒的诊断及预后

通过对慢性正已烷中毒患者及不同正己烷浓度接触工人的观察,探讨正 己烷中毒的诊断标准及预后,提出正己烷生产或限值（TLV）的建议。     

制鞋工慢性正已烷中毒23例临床分析

目的探讨我市制鞋工慢性正己烷中毒的临床特点及预后。方法对2 3例慢性正己烷中毒病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果(1)2 2例(9 5.6%)以头昏、乏力、四肢远端皮肤麻木为首发症状,14例(占6 0.8 7%)手工刷胶工患者皮肤麻木上肢先于下肢,1 3例(占5 6.5%)出现小腿肌肉疼痛,临床检查可见四肢末端触、痛觉减弱,膝反射减弱(7 3.9%),肌力减退7例(占3 0.4%)。(2)神经-肌电图检测均显示神经原性损害(100%)。(3)经6个月入院治疗后,2 2例(占9 5.7%)症状及肌电图均有明显改善,且肌电图先于神经传导速度恢复,未见有严重神经系统功能缺损病例。结论制鞋工慢性正已烷中毒以周围神经系统损害为主,经治疗后轻、中度中毒患者预后较好,早期发现、早期治疗,对提高患者生活质量具有重要意义。     

甲氯芬酯治疗急性酒精中毒临床观察

目的 探讨甲氯芬酯治疗急性酒精中毒的疗效.方法 将急诊观察的80例急性酒精中毒患者随机分为甲氯芬酯组与纳洛酮组,每组40例,分别给予甲氯芬酯与纳洛酮治疗.结果 甲氯芬酯组在神志清醒时间与症状消失时间上与纳洛酮组无显著差别（P〉0.05）.结论 甲氯芬酯治疗急性酒精中毒不仅疗效好、见效快、安全性好,而且对意识障碍患者有较好的促醒作用,值得临床上推广应用.     

慢性正己烷中毒92例神经肌电图分析

目的探讨慢性正己烷中毒患者的神经肌电图表现特点。方法对92例慢性正己烷中毒病人和31名无接触职业危害的健康成人进行神经肌电图检查分析。结果①慢性正己烷中毒患者的神经运动传导速度(MCV)、感觉传导速度(SCV)减慢、运动神经远端潜伏期(DAL)延长,感觉神经动作电位波幅(SNAP)下降,且各指标随着中毒程度加重而下降明显,严重的可出现对刺激无反应;MCV总异常率97.83%,SCV总异常率96.74%。对照组MCV异常率2.15%,SCV异常率1.08%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。②肌电图(EMG)结果呈神经源性损害,异常率38.04%,对照组3.23%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论慢性正己烷中毒患者神经EMG主要表现为神经传导速度减慢,程度与临床病情平行,建议对正己烷中毒性周围神经病的分级诊断,可以结合神经传导速度的减慢程度进行综合考虑。     

急性百草枯中毒患者预后影响因素的研究

目的 探讨影响急性百草枯中毒患者预后的因素.方法 对111例急性百草枯中毒患者早期血浆和尿液中百草枯浓度、血液白细胞计数、肝肾功能、血清淀粉酶、电解质及动脉血气分析进行回顾性分析.结果 111例中毒患者存活43例,死亡68例,病死率为61.3%;血浆中百草枯浓度≤8.0 μg/ml,尿液中百草枯浓度≤276.0 μg/ml的中毒患者可能存活,但血浆中检测不到百草枯的中毒患者也可发生死亡.生存组患者血浆中百草枯、尿液中百草枯浓度[(0.82±1.70)、(28.12±51.17)μg/ml]明显低于死亡组[(9.32±12.04)、(384.53±597.93)μg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);死亡组外周血白细胞总数、血清肌酐含量、天冬氨酸转氨酶活力、血清淀粉酶活力明显高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);死亡组易于出现代谢性酸中毒.logistic回归分析表明,百草枯中毒患者的生存率与血浆、尿液中百草枯浓度、外周血白细胞总数、肌酐、BE值相关.结论 高浓度的血浆、尿液中百草枯,白细胞增高、肾功能障碍及代谢性酸中毒是影响百草枯中毒患者预后的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To study the correlation factors of acute paraquat intoxication prognosis.Methods The early paraquat concentration in plasma and urine, leukocyte count, hepatic and renal function,amylase, electrolyte and the parameters of arterial blood gas were analyzed retrospectively in 111 patients with acute paraquat intoxication. Results 43 cases( 38.7% ) of all the 111 patients survived and the other 68 cases (61.3%) died. The patient, whose paraquat concentration was not more than 8.0 μg/ml in plasma and 276.0 μg/ml in urine,could survive. But some patients could die,only if there was no paraquat found in plasma. The paraquat levels in plasma and urine were significantly lower in survivors [ ( 0.82± 1.70 ), ( 28.12±51.17 ) μg/ml]than in nonsurvivors [(9.32 ± 12.04), ( 384.53 ±597.93 ) μg/ml, respectively] (P＜0.01). The levels of leukocyte count, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and amylase were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). In addition, metabolic acidosis was easier to appear in nonsurvivors.The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the paraquat concentration in plasma and urine, leukocyte count, creatinine and base excess were all related to survival. Conclusion The higher paraquat concentration in plasma and urine, leucocytosis, renal dysfunction and metabolic acidosis are all important factors for the prognosis of paraquat intoxication.     

Overall prognosis of patients with diagnosed chronic organic solvent intoxication

Summary The prognosis of 87 patients (mean age 38.6 years) was examined who had been diagnosed 3–9 years earlier as having chronic organic solvent intoxication due to trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, or a mixture of solvents. The methods comprised an interview, a clinical neurological examination, neurophysiological examinations (EEGs and electroneuromyographs), and a psychological examination. In order to assess the prognosis, the patient's condition at the time of diagnosis was evaluated from the hospital records, and the condition upon reexamination was compared to that at the time of diagnosis.At the time of diagnosis, 31 patients had objective clinical signs in the neurological examination, whereas the remaining 56 had only subjective symptoms and neurophysiological or psychological findings attributed to the slight solvent intoxication. Upon reexamination, 42 patients had clinical neurological signs. Based on the clinical overall evaluation, the condition of 21 patients had deteriorated during the follow-up period, the condition of 23 had improved, and that of 43 had remained unchanged. The prognoses of the results of the separate examinations correlated poorly with each other. No statistically significant correlation was found between the overall prognosis and age, sex, the duration and the level of exposure, the termination of exposure after diagnosis, the presence of other diseases, or the use of alcohol.     

Effect of carbon disulphide intoxication on fecal excretion of end products of cholesterol metabolism

Summary The aim of this study was to compare the time course of ¹⁴C-steroid excretion following administration of ¹⁴C-cholesterol in normal and CS₂intoxicated rats. The excretion of steroid with the feces was evaluated in the normal and CS₂ intoxicated rats at the end of 7 month exposure to CS₂. The results of the experiment indicated that in rats exposed to CS₂ excretion of ¹⁴C-steroid is lower. It was due to a reduced excretion of ¹⁴C-bile acid fraction while at the same time the share of sterol + rose. On the basis of our former results which excluded the influence of CS₂ on absorption of cholesterol and indicated its effect on cholesterol synthesis it was revealed in this experiment that intoxication with CS₂ also inhibits cholesterol degradation. Disturbances of both processes can be essential for accumulation of cholesterol in blood of animals intoxicated with CS₂.This investigation has been carried out under the Polish-American agreement No. 05-008-2 with the Occupational Health Program, U.S. Public Health Service     

盐霉素中毒患者血清肌酸激酶及其同工酶的变化及意义

目的:探讨盐霉素中毒患者血清肌酸激酶及其同工酶的变化规律与临床意义.方法:对12例群体性食源性盐霉素中毒病人血清中的生物化学指标进行连续监测.结果:血清肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶升高幅度与中毒程度呈正相关,并以CK-MM升高为主;CK和CK-MB峰值时间约2周左右,但两者并不完全一致,病情愈重峰值时间愈短;糖皮质激素疗...     

Sero-positivity of brucellosis in human beings

Two hundred and fifty human serum samples were collected (122 from general population and the rest from people associated with animals) from central Kerala and tested for Brucella agglutinins using various standard tests. The overall seropositivity for brucellosis using all the tests was 1.6%. Among the general population a prevalence of 2.45% was observed and among the veterinary students 1.14%.     

梭曼中毒对大鼠心脏胆碱能信号系统作用的实验研究

目的 探讨梭曼中毒对心脏胆碱能信号通路的影响。方法 利用RT-PCR技术检测心肌乙酰胆碱能受体(M2受体)mRNA的表达,以蛋白印迹法(Western blot technique)检测抑制性鸟苷酸结合蛋白(Gia)含量,放射免疫法测定环磷腺苷(cAMP)浓度及酶放射化学分析测定腺苷酸环化酶(AC)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)活性。结果 与正常对照组相比,梭曼中毒大鼠心肌M2受体mKNA的表达和Gia含量均明显降低,cAMP浓度及AC、PKA活性显著升高。结论 胆碱能信号的异常增强可能是梭曼中毒引起心功能损伤的重要原因之一。