某坦克部队战士伤害流行病学调查

为了了解部队伤害发生的流行特征,分析发生原因,并有针对性的提出预防措施,我们于1997年11月底对西北某地某坦克部队战士进行了伤害发生的流行病学调查,现报告如下.     

某野外驻训部队官兵变应性鼻炎的流行病学调查

目的分析某野外驻训部队官兵变应性鼻炎的发病情况。方法依据患者的主诉、临床症状和专科医师的体格检查确诊病例。依据流行病学个案调查表进行流行病学调查。资料采用描述性流行病学分析方法。结果甲部队累计发生变应性鼻炎患者141人,总发病率7.05%,乙部队累计发生变应性鼻炎患者65人,总发病率7.93%。两部队总发病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。发病不具聚集性。结论官兵变应性鼻炎的发生可能与野外驻训地点的过敏源有关。     

某冶炼厂恶性肿瘤流行病学调查

某冶炼厂恶性肿瘤流行病学调查浙铝公司职工医院宋淑云祝为掌握本厂恶性肿瘤发病情况，探索危害职工健康的有关因素，进行了本厂恶性肿瘤发病死亡情况的２０年回顾性队列调查。１调查对象和方法１．１对象１９７６年１月１日在册的全部正式职工（包括离退休职工），连续...     

上海市金山农村癫痫流行病学调查

为了解农村癫痫患病的有关情况 ,我们于 2 0 0 0年在上海市金山朱泾镇完成 5万人群的癫痫抽样调查。1.对象和方法 :具有本地区正式户口、居住在调查地且符合患病率调查条件的所有居民。调查时点为 2 0 0 0年 7月1日以前仍然存活的病例 ,患病率统计包括曾患癫痫但已“痊愈”者。癫痫的诊断标准 :非发热性疾病所致的惊厥 ,发作频率 >2次。采用分层整群抽样原则抽取样本人群并进行普查。另外 ,对 81例癫痫患者按 1∶1病例对照研究方法进行危险因素调查。应用ＥＰＩ5软件建立数据库 ,录入原始数据 ,对有关数据应用ＳＡＳ软件分析。对统计的粗率…     

西北地区某步兵部队战士外伤情况调查

目的：为了摸清驻西北地区步兵部队战士外伤的发生情况及共流行规律,并提出预防措施,以保障官兵身体健康,维护部队的战斗力。方法：应用流行病学调查与分析,采取询问,填表及查阅医疗档案的方法,对某上兵部队战斗外伤的发生情况进行调查。结果：某部外伤发生率为３３．４％,例次率４０．２％,其中训练务占８１．２％,非训练外伤占１８．８％,训练伤中入伍１年的新兵发生率明显同于２年兵和３年兵（Ｐ〈０．０１）,非训练外     

西北某驻军战士伤害流行病学调查分析

目的　调查西北某地驻军战士伤害流行病学特征 ,提出预防措施。方法　用流行病学调查分析法 ,对西北某驻军部队 30 85名军人进行 1年伤害发生情况调查。结果　伤害发生率2 2 .33% ,例次率 2 4 .4 4 %。伤害中训练伤发生例次率 (14 .2 9% )高于非训练伤 (10 .15 % ) (χ2 =2 4 .75 ,P <0 .0 1)。训练伤 1年兵 (15 .86 % )高于 2年兵 (10 .4 2 % ) (χ2 =19.86 ,P <0 .0 1) ,非训练伤入伍年限差别不大。结论　部队要重视战士伤害的研究与预防工作     

上海市宝山区某幼儿园一起手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学调查

目的调查一起发生在某幼儿园的手足口病暴发疫情,分析其暴发原因,探讨有效的预防控制措施。方法使用卫生部的《手足口病个案调查表》对所有发病病例进行现场流行病学调查,对数据进行描述性分析。结果该起疫情主要集中在1个班级,女生略高于男生,发病高峰在2010年5月12日,其中2例病例病毒核酸检测结果为EV71阳性。结论手足口病易在幼托机构暴发流行,及时采取有效防控措施措施,可以控制疫情蔓延。     

某部战士无症状腰椎间盘突出流行病学调查

目的：调查某部战士无症状腰椎间盘突出的发病率，为及早预防和治疗腰椎间盘突出症提供依据。方法：随机选取某部队无症状的新兵战士219例作腰椎CT体检。结果：219例无症状战士中发现腰椎间盘突出占33.33%，其中L4-5最为多见，占64.4%,L5-S1占24.6%，L4-5和L5-S1同时突出9.6%,L3-41.4%，共有三种类型。其中中央型31例占42.5%，右旁侧型27例占37.0%。左旁侧型15例占20.5%。所有突出间盘均无获得性间盘退变征象。结论：多发的无症状腰椎间盘突出可能是部队腰椎间盘突出症发病率高的潜在病理基础。外伤是发病的主要诱因，重视无症状腰椎间盘突出的防治，将有利于降低腰椎间盘突出症的发病率。     

某幼儿园手足口病危险因素流行病学调查

目的了解某幼儿园2010年3月-7月手足口病发生情况,查找发病危险因素,并提出有效防治措施。方法将临床诊断的18名手足口病患儿作为病例组,选择本园与患儿年龄、身体状况及其它基本条件相似的36名未患病儿童作为对照组。通过询问查找可能导致发病的危险因素。结果 18例手足口病患儿中,男11例、女7例;年龄3-6岁,分布于四个年级。儿童饭前、便后不洗手、去人群密集场所等均为致病危险因素。结论做好儿童个人卫生,同时加强托幼机构卫生防疫及家庭卫生是预防控制手足口病的关键。     

重庆市南岸区某社区结核病流行病学调查

目的了解重庆南岸区某社区居民结核病的患病情况和结核病防治知识核心信息知晓率,为更有效的开展结核病防治工作提供依据。方法参照《全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查实施细则》,对某社区1314名居民进行结核病流行病学调查。结果活动性肺结核患病率为228．31／10万,涂阳肺结核患病率为76．10／10万。结核病防治知识核心信息总知晓率为51．28％,男性为54．14％,女性为49．53％,15～29岁年龄段总知晓率最高为64．48％,70岁以上年龄段总知晓率最低为40．79％。肺结核症状知晓率最高为78．23％,国家免费治疗肺结核的政策和肺结核能否治愈的知晓率低,分别为14．69％和18．26％。结论结核病疫情出现了较大幅度的下降,但是群众对结核病防治核心信息的知晓率偏低,如何加强结核病防治健康促进工作,应是今后工作的重点。     

整体疼痛评估量表在老年慢性疼痛护理的应用

目的 分析比较整体疼痛评估量表及修订版的面部表情疼痛量表,在老年慢性疼痛患者护理管理模式中的应用效果,探讨整体疼痛评估量表在疼痛科病房疼痛护理管理质量中的作用及量表的信度和效度评价.方法 选取2014年6月-2015年6月在疼痛科病房住院治疗的年龄≥60岁的老年慢性疼痛患者60例,平均分为试验组及对照组,其中试验组30例疼痛患者采用整体评估量表结合疼痛护理常规流程进行护理,对照组30例运用疼痛患者修订版的面部表情疼痛量表结合疼痛护理常规流程进行护理,动态评估患者疼痛情况,比较两组患者住院总天数、止痛药使用减少率、疼痛缓解程度及疼痛管理满意度.结果 采用整体疼痛评估量表护理模式的患者住院总天数、止痛药使用率小于采用修订版的面部表情疼痛量表护理模式的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);且在疼痛缓解程度及疼痛管理满意度指标上大于采用修订版的面部表情疼痛量表护理模式的患者,两者差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 将整体疼痛评估量表应用于疼痛科疼痛护理管理模式中,使疼痛护理管理标准化、规范化、质量化,提高患者的疼痛控制质量,有效减少患者住院天数及止痛药的使用频率,增加疼痛缓解程度及疼痛管理满意度,有助于提高疼痛护理管理水平.     

Coital Positions and Sexual Functioning in Patients with Chronic Pain

The objectives of this study were to describe (1) coital positions adopted by chronic back pain patients, (2) and to describe sexual function as assessed by Derogatis Inventory of Sexual Functioning (DISF). In addition, patients were asked questions regarding effects of sexual intercourse on severity of pain, influence of pain over sexual functioning, and perceived factors causing sexual problems. This is a subset (45 patients) of a larger study (70 patients) describing sexual functioning. These 45 patients responded to additional questions as described above. Mean age of the patients was 55.7 years (range 36–74 years). There were 40 male patients. Twenty-five patients (56%) were married. Mean duration of pain was 145.2 months. Thirty-two patients (27 male and 5 female) were sexually active. Eighty-one percent of male and 100% of female patients, who were sexually active, preferred male superior position. Of those sexually active, 41% performed sexual intercourse while sitting on a chair. A majority of patients were experiencing problems in all domains of sexual functioning except for fantasy. Thirty-nine patients (87%) reported that pain extremely interfered in performing sexual intercourse. Twenty-nine patients (64%) reported worsening of pain due to sexual intercourse. Majority (n = 34) of the patients (76%) had fear of failure to perform and 25 patients (56%) reported fear of aggravating pain due to sexual activity. There is need for further research in this area.     

慢性腰腿痛患者功能状况调查

目的调查慢性腰腿痛患者疼痛程度、身体损害程度及日常生活、社会活动能力。方法对自愿报名参加，且影像学明确诊断为腰椎间盘突出或腰椎间管狭窄的腰腿痛患者各60人，分2组进行分析调查。结果两组患者在身体损害指数（腰后伸）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（行走）两项有统计学差异外，其余各项身体损害指数、Oswestry功能障碍指数及疼痛程度均无统计学差异。结论腰椎间盘突出和腰椎间管狭窄患者比较，在疼痛强度、身体损害程度、生活功能障碍指数各方面上区别不明显，但同一种疾病的患者在身体损害指数、生活功能障碍指数各项上有明显区别，这对不同疾病引起腰腿痛症状的个体化治疗具有指导意义。     

海安县居民慢性病流行病学调查与分析

为了解海安县慢性病的流行病学特征，采用分层随机抽样的方法，对5835名年龄≥35岁居民的慢性病患病情况进行调查，结果显示：高血压患病率（标化）为26．95％，冠心病为1．74％，脑卒中为0．81％、糖尿病为0．54％，恶性肿瘤为1．75％。该5种疾病的患病率与年龄、职业有关（P＜0．05）；高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病的患病率与性别、化程度有关（P＜0．05）。表明高血压和恶性肿瘤这2种疾病应是今后海安地区慢性病预防的重点。     

支气管哮喘的社区调查和预防

为了解上海浦东金桥地区的哮喘患病率,哮喘患者肺功能和表型善作为进一步制定对哮喘患者教育、疾病防治、工作规划的依据,采用挨家挨户调查的方法,对届的对象分别由１．２．３级医院各一名医师进行确诊,对患者进行肺功能、哮喘表型测定。结果发现金桥地区哮喘患病率为０。．４３％,５６．４４％的患者有家族唤时伴有其他过敏疾病为５２．１５％,气道反应悸阳性率为６９．８％;粉尘蟥、暗螂、尘螨、桑蚕丝皮试阳性率分别为７３     

Activity Avoidance and Function in Persons with Chronic Back Pain

This study examined the relative contribution of two aspects of pain-related fear to functional disability among 133 persons with chronic pain, predominantly chronic back pain: 1) beliefs that pain represents damage or significant harm to the body and 2) beliefs that activities that cause pain should be avoided. Pain-related fear was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Version 2 (TSK-2). Factor analysis in the present study replicated the two-factor solution found in a previous investigation, representing the two dimensions of pain-related fear noted above. Activity avoidance was significantly associated with the percent of maximum expected weight lifted from floor to waist and waist to shoulder during Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE). Fear of damage or harm to the body was only significantly related to the floor to waist lift. When controlling for demographic, physiologic, and other psychological variables, only activity avoidance continued to significantly predict performance on both lifts of the PILE. Although it has been proposed that deconditioning may mediate the relationship between activity avoidance and disability, this was not supported in the present investigation. The results highlight the importance of pain-related fear, particularly activity avoidance, in the assessment of functional activity among persons with chronic pain.     

Knowledge of and Agreement with Chronic Pain Diagnosis: Relation to Affective Distress, Pain Beliefs and Coping, Pain Intensity, and Disability

Many authors report that a high percentage of patients with chronic pain have no or insufficient underlying physical pathology to explain their pain. Even when patients do have an identified diagnosis, many patients profess to have little understanding of the source of their pain or fear that they may suffer from more severe pathology. This may be particularly true for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain given the lack of objective findings for soft tissue pain complaints. In the present study, we examined whether chronic neck and back pain patients were able to identify the physiologic source of their pain, and based on their responses patients were placed in one of three groups: (1) patients who did not know the cause of their pain; (2) patients who did know the cause and agreed with their clinical diagnosis; and (3) patients who identified a cause for their pain that was different from their clinical diagnosis. The sample was comprised primarily of individuals with musculoskeletal pain problems (70%) referred to an outpatient chronic pain rehabilitation program. Each patient completed a pretreatment test battery, and group differences were examined on responses to the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Survey of Pain Attitudes, Brief Symptom Inventory, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and Pain Disability Index. Upon initial evaluation, 47.2%(n = 85) of patients indicated that they did not know what was causing their pain. Of patients who articulated a cause for their pain, 20%(n = 36) attributed it to factors that did not agree with their diagnosis. Only 32.8%(n = 59) of persons in the entire sample were able to accurately identify the cause of their pain. Patients who disagreed with their clinical diagnosis were more likely to be diagnosed with musculoskeletal pain and reported the highest levels of pain(F(2,169) = 3.41, p > .05) as well as the greatest levels of affective distress(F(2,169) = 3.54, p > .05). Patients who were unsure of or disagreed with their diagnosis tended to report a greater belief in pain being a signal of harm(F(2,169) = 11.5, p > .001) and described themselves as more disabled(F(2,169) = 8.43, p > .001). In addition, both the unsure and disagree groups tended to use maladaptive pain strategies more frequently, and persons unsure of their diagnosis had the lowest levels of perceived control over pain. A hierarchical regression analysis examining a cognitive/behavioral model of pain disability indicated that lack of knowledge of pain etiology, a belief that pain is a signal of harm, catastrophizing and affective distress all significantly predicted increased disability, while pain intensity did not. The data suggests that lack of knowledge about the origin of pain is associated with maladaptive cognitions in relation to pain (i.e., fear of harming oneself and catastrophizing) and increased emotional distress which in turn are related to heightened disability due to pain. These data argue that educating patients regarding their diagnosis and the origin of their pain, thereby dispelling dysfunctional pain beliefs, may be an important component of pain treatment, particularly among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.     

Chronic Pain and Health Care Spending: An Analysis of Longitudinal Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

ObjectiveTo estimate average incremental health care expenditures associated with chronic pain by health care service category, expanding on prior research that focused on specific pain conditions instead of general pain, excluded low levels of pain, or did not incorporate pain duration.ConclusionsChronic pain limitations are associated with higher health care expenditures. Results underscore the substantial cost of pain to the health care system.     

Disaccharidase Deficiencies in Children With Chronic Abdominal Pain

Objectives: Carbohydrate intolerance or malabsorption has been suggested as a cause of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in a subset of patients. We aimed to evaluate disaccharidase deficiencies in children with functional CAP and to correlate deficiencies with clinical features. Method: Patients presenting to the gastroenterology clinic at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin with abdominal pain prospectively completed a detailed demographic, history, and symptom questionnaire. The CAP cohort included those with at least 1 month of symptoms. Data on disaccharidase activity and histology of endoscopic biopsies were collected retrospectively. Only patients with normal histology were included in the study. The association between groups with low disaccharidases and clinical features was examined. Results: A total of 203 pediatric patients with CAP were included. The mean (SD) age was 11.5 (3.1) years, and 32.5% were male. The percentages of abnormally low disaccharidase levels using the standard laboratory cutoffs were lactase, 37%; sucrase, 21%; glucoamylase, 25%; and palatinase, 8%. Thirty‐nine percent of the patients with low lactase also had low sucrase, and 67% of the patients with low sucrase had low lactase. There was no significant difference in the activities of any of the disaccharidases or sucrase/lactase ratio in relation to age. Also, no association was found between stool consistency, stool frequency, or location of pain and low disaccharidase activity. Conclusions: A large proportion of patients with CAP have deficiencies in disaccharidases. Bowel frequency, vomiting, or location of pain was no different between groups, suggesting that these clinical features cannot be used to predict disaccharidase deficiencies.