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1.
护士由于职业的特殊性,每天不得不暴露于各种危险因素中,特别是血体液的职业暴露。所谓血体液职业暴露是指医务人员从事诊疗、护理工作中意外被患者血体液直接或间接污染的针头及其锐器刺破皮肤,有可能导致感染的行为。据报道,在美国医院,污染利器经皮肤损伤医务人员每年超过38万次,  相似文献   

2.
目的了解皮肤性病医院护士锐器伤的发生率和刺伤原因等,提出护士职业暴露防护措施,维护护士身心健康。方法采取回顾性调查,对2004—2005年皮肤性病医院临床护士所发生的61人次锐器损伤原因进行分析。结果被调查13人中,13人均被锐器所刺伤,其刺伤率为100%。2年内发生锐器伤61例次,被调查者人均年刺伤2.6次,其中52.5%被传染病患者的血液、体液污染的针头所刺伤。结论树立职业防护管理理念,建立健全职业防护管理制度、防护流程,教育培训护士安全防护,严格遵守操作规程是防止护士发生锐器伤和减少感染血源性疾病的关键。  相似文献   

3.
实习护士发生医疗锐器伤的调查   总被引:236,自引:16,他引:220  
目的 了解实习护士在实习期间发生医疗锐器伤的情况,并探讨相关对策。方法 2001年8月作者对北京13所医院的新护士采用回顾性问卷调查。结果 432名实习护士发生锐器损伤的占93.3%,共发生2756次损伤,平均每人6.4次,其中针刺伤2.6次;被调查者所在26所学校均无开设职业防护课程,也无相应教材;发生损伤后能主动汇报的比率很低,占5.71%;发生锐器损伤的地点分布以病房为主,占71.41%;锐器伤发生的种类中以针头和玻璃伤为主,占80.33%;被污染物刺伤的占37.72%;在有潜在血液接触的操作中戴手套率很低。结论 实习护士缺乏防护知识,发生锐器损伤率高,因此,学校应增设职业防护课程,医院应加强岗前安全教育及管理。  相似文献   

4.
实习护士医疗锐器伤调查分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:了解安徽医专护理专业学生在实习期间发生医疗锐器伤的情况,以便进行有针对性的安全防范教育,并为制定相应的防护措施提供依据。方法:对安徽医专2003级228名实习即将结束的护理专业学生进行回顾性问卷调查,以了解实习期间(约10个月)医疗锐器伤的发生情况。结果:护士锐器伤的发生率为82.46%;注射器针头为最常见,占51.64%;发生医疗锐器损伤后,仅有21.08%的伤者采取了正确的处理措施。结论:实习护士由于安全意识薄弱,操作不熟练,临床经验匮乏,发生锐器伤的几率较大。建议通过实习护士岗前相关职业防护知识的培训,严格遵守操作规范,加强与带教老师的沟通等措施来预防锐器损伤的发生。  相似文献   

5.
医务人员在诊疗病人的过程中,有可能意外地被感染病人的血液、体液,污染了破损皮肤或非胃肠道粘膜,或被含有病原微生物的血液、体液污染了的针头及其他锐器刺破皮肤,而导致被传染,造成医务人员的职业损伤.  相似文献   

6.
《中国健康月刊》2005,(5):60-61
在医院不小心被针头刺伤,会不会感染HIV?有研究表明,被HIV污染的针头刺伤后,感染HIV的几率为0.33%,以下因素影响针刺感染的几率:刺伤的深度,针头的性质(空心比实心危险);有可见的血液从伤口流出,针头刺伤了动脉和静脉;污染源来自早期和晚期HIV感染者(病毒载量高)。  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解医务人员锐器伤职业暴露的真实情况与特点,为完善职业防护措施提供科学依据.方法 对医院内有机会接触锐器的所有医务人员采用浙江省医院感染管理质控中心统一设计的调查问卷,调查2011年5月1-31日锐器伤职业暴露发生情况.结果 调查的1257名医务人员共发生锐器伤128人,锐器伤发生率10.18%,发生182人次,人均0.14次;护士发生最高,有106人次,占58.24%,其次为医师54人次,占29.67%;锐器伤发生地点主要在普通病房和手术室;导致锐器伤的锐器以注射器针头最多见,其次为真空采血针;发生锐器伤危险因素在医疗废物处置中最多,其次为抽血和补液配制;发生锐器损伤后报告医院感染管理科有3例.结论 医院感染管理部门应加强医务人员职业暴露相关知识培训,提高医务人员职业防护意识,针对高危人群、科室、环节等采取切实可行的预防措施,改进职业暴露报告监控系统,提高职业暴露后的上报率,降低职业暴露的发生.  相似文献   

8.
护士发生针刺伤的原因及注射安全防护措施   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
胡敏 《职业与健康》2004,20(1):39-40
医务人员在医院工作期间面临着多种职业危害。被各种污染的针头刺伤可导致经血液传播疾病 ,其中艾滋病、乙肝、丙肝感染是生物性职业危害的主要种类。临床护士由于从事侵入性操作机会多 ,发生针刺伤的机会比其他医务人员多[1] 。面对严峻的职业危害 ,如何防范护士针刺伤已引起护理界的广泛关注。本文就护士发生针刺伤的原因 ,提出注射安全的防护措施。1 发生针刺伤的原因1 1 护士注射任务繁重 据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 1999年的报告 :发展中国家每人每年平均注射 1 5次 ,住院儿童及成人则每年至少 10~ 10 0次 ,95 %的注射是用于治疗。…  相似文献   

9.
急诊护士工作中的危害因素分析与防护   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
胡素红 《职业与健康》2006,22(15):1166-1167
目的 探讨急诊护士工作中的危害因素,为预防该类事件提出防护对策。方法 采取自行设计的问卷,对山东铝业公司医院每诊科工作满2a的35名护士进行工作中危害因素的调查。结果 锐器损伤与皮肤粘膜污染病人血液或体液比率最大,人均例次为100%和68.6%。结论 急诊护士工作中的危害不容忽视,应针对不同危害因素采取防护措施,提高急诊护士工作的安全性。  相似文献   

10.
门诊注射室护士在工作中容易发生针刺伤和割伤,因此加强注射室工作人员职业保护意识具有重要意义. 1 职业危害 1.1 手的针刺伤和割伤在采血、配制液体、输液过程中被病毒细菌污染的针头和玻璃碎片刺伤或碰伤皮肤后易发生感染,常见经血液传播疾病主要为乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、艾滋病、疟疾等,锐器伤是医务人员血液传播疾病主要原因.  相似文献   

11.
Needlestick and sharps injuries among health-care workers in Taiwan.   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Sharps injuries are a major cause of transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in health-care workers. To determine the yearly incidence and causes of sharps injuries in health-care workers in Taiwan, we conducted a questionnaire survey in a total of 8645 health care workers, including physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, and cleaners, from teaching hospitals of various sizes. The reported incidence of needlestick and other sharps injuries was 1.30 and 1.21 per person in the past 12 months, respectively. Of most recent episodes of needlestick/sharps injury, 52.0% were caused by ordinary syringe needles, usually in the patient units. The most frequently reported circumstances of needlestick were recapping of needles, and those of sharps injuries were opening of ampoules/vials. Of needles which stuck the health-care workers, 54.8% had been used in patients, 8.2% of whom were known to have hepatitis B or C, syphilis, or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Sharps injuries in health-care workers in Taiwan occur more frequently than generally thought and risks of contracting blood-borne infectious diseases as a result are very high.  相似文献   

12.
广东省39所医院医务人员锐器伤调查   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的了解广东省医务人员血源性职业暴露的发生情况,为制定预防措施提供科学的依据。方法采用问卷调查方法,对广东省39所医院医务人员2011年6月锐器伤的发生情况进行横断面调查。结果发放调查表32 617份,回收32 297份,回收率为99.02%;实际有效问卷32 007份,有效率为99.10%。发生锐器伤1 460例,1 909例次,锐器伤发生率为4.56%,例次率为5.96%,平均月发生密度为0.06次/(人月)。发生污染锐器伤1 495例次,污染锐器伤例次发生率为4.67%(1 495/32 007);污染锐器伤占锐器伤总例次的78.31%(1 495/1 909),其中61.67%(922/1 495)能追踪到暴露源,38.33%(573/1 495)不能确定其是否具有传染性。血源性污染器械中,81.71%(67/82)为乙型肝炎暴露源,14.63%(12/82)为梅毒暴露源,3.66%(3/82)为丙型肝炎暴露源,无艾滋病暴露源。锐器伤发生的地点主要为普通病房(47.72%)与手术室(20.27%);频率最高的操作是加药(15.92%),其次为医疗废物处置(12.78%)和拔除动(静)脉针(12.21%);主要医疗器具为一次性注射器 (35.99%)、头皮钢针 (19.43%)和手术缝针(13.41%)。医务人员职业暴露相关知识培训率为93.25%。结论锐器伤是导致血源性传播疾病感染的主要职业因素, 医疗机构应建立健全职业病防治组织机构和规章制度,规范医务人员的血源性职业暴露预防与控制行为,降低血源性职业暴露伤害风险。  相似文献   

13.
We investigated the epidemiology and prevention of sharps injuries in the United Arab Emirates. Among 82 emergency nurses and 38 doctors who responded to our questionnaire, risk factors for sharp device injuries identified using the Haddon matrix included personal factors (for the pre-event phase, a lack of infection control training, a lack of immunization, and recapping needles, and for the postevent phase, underreporting of sharps injuries) and equipment-related factors (for the pre-event phase, failure to use safe devices; for the event phase, failure to use gloves in all appropriate situations). Nearly all injuries to doctors were caused by suture needles, and among nurses more than 50% of injuries were caused by hollow-bore needles.  相似文献   

14.
目的 了解医院医护人员针刺及其他锐器损伤情况,为进一步开展干预研究提供线索,并为干预措施效果评价提供基线数据.方法 采用白填式调查问卷对某大型综合医院1201名临床一线医护人员在2009年1月1日至2009年12月31日期间所发生的针刺及其他锐器损伤状况进行回顾性调查.结果 医护人员在过去1年中发生针刺及其他锐器损伤共4302人次,针刺及其他锐器损伤年人均发生次数为3.58人次,损伤发生率为78.85%.发生针刺及其他锐器损伤的高风险人群为妇产科、外科、重症监护室和急诊科医护人员,其接触发生率和年人均发生次数分别为94.67%和4.51人次、93.09%和4.46人次、85.44%和3.08人次、76.62%和4.55人次,引起医护人员针刺及其他锐器损伤的主要医疗操作是掰安瓿、输液结束拔针、整理用毕的锐器和手术中(缝合或切开),其接触发生率分别为46.96% 、30.97% 、25.73%和14.49%.医护人员针刺及其他锐器损伤主要是由安瓿瓶、头皮针、皮下注射针、缝合针和手术刀片引起,其损伤发生率分别为47.04%、37.22%、31.31% 、17.65%和7.08%.结论 医护人员仍然面临较大的针刺及其他锐器损伤风险,不同工种、不同科室医护人员在不同医疗操作及医疗操作的不同阶段、使用不同医疗锐器、使用锐器的用途不同发生职业接触的风险不同,应积极采取有针对性的综合性预防控制措施,全面贯彻落实GBZ/T 213-2008《血源性病原体职业接触防护导则》.  相似文献   

15.
Accidental exposure from blood/body fluid of patients is a risk to healthcare workers (HCWs). Percutaneous injury is the most common method of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. A policy was formulated at our institute, a tertiary care centre in central Mumbai, and we report a six-year (1998--2003) ongoing surveillance of needlestick injuries. Of the 380 HCWs who reported needlestick injuries, 45% were nurses, 33% were attendants, 11% were doctors and 11% were technicians. On source analysis, 23, 15 and 12 were positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), respectively. Immediate action following potential exposure included washing the wound with soap and water, encouraging bleeding and reporting the incident to the emergency room. Analysis of the source of injuries revealed that known sources accounted for 254 injuries, and unknown sources from garbage bags and Operating Theatre instruments accounted for 126 injuries. Most needlestick injuries occurred during intravenous line insertion (N=112), followed by blood collection (N=69), surgical blade injury (N=36) and recapping needles (N=36). Immediate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HCWs who sustained injuries with hepatitis-B-virus-positive patients included booster hepatitis B immunization for those positive for antiHBs. A full course of immunization with hepatitis B immunoglobulin was given to those who were antiHBs negative. All staff who sustained injury with HIV were given immediate antiretroviral therapy (AZT 600 mg/day) for six weeks. Subsequent six-month follow-up showed zero seroconversion.  相似文献   

16.
目的了解陕西省医务人员锐器伤(sharp injuries,SI)发生情况,为制定预防措施,降低SI发生率提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方式,对2011年5月1-31日陕西省30所医疗机构SI发生情况进行横断面调查。结果有效调查16 386名调查对象,其中1 489例(9.09%)发生SI 1 901例次,SI平均发生密度为0.12次/(人·月)。护士(10.36%)和工作年限为5~10年的工作人员(10.38%)是SI发生的高危人群;SI发生例次较高的地点为普通病房(37.88%)及手术室(23.25%);注射器针头(33.98%)、静脉输液头皮针(23.25%)及手术缝针(16.73%)是造成医务人员SI的主要医疗器具;手术缝合(14.31%)、将针头放入锐器盒(11.20%)、拔除动(静)脉针(9.89%)和双手回套针帽(9.68%)等操作是造成医务人员SI的主要环节;1 351例次(71.07%)SI可追溯暴露源,781例次(41.08%)为污染SI,其中54例次为血源性疾病暴露,血源性疾病暴露率为4.00%。血源性暴露中,乙型肝炎病毒占74.07%(40/54),梅毒占12.96%(7/54),丙型肝炎病毒占11.11%(6/54),人免疫缺陷病毒占1.85%(1/54)。结论SI是医疗机构常见的职业损害,应通过减少不必要的锐器接触、推行使用安全器械、执行标准操作规程、实施安全防护等措施,有效降低SI发生率。  相似文献   

17.
PURPOSE: A prevalence survey was performed to estimate the magnitude and predictors for needlestick injury (NSI) in nurses of Fars province hospitals. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed in 52 hospitals to a stratified random sample of 2,118 (46.3%) nurses between April and September 2005 to collect self-reported NSI in the past 12- months. RESULTS: Of the 1,555 nurses who returned a completed questionnaire, 49.6% (95% confidence interval [95 CI] 47.1%-52.1%) recalled at least one sharps injury, of which 52.6% were classified as NSI. Just over one fourth (26.3%; 95 CI 24.1%-28.6%, 409/1,555) of respondents sustained at least one NSI, 75.6% (95 CI 71.1%-79.6%) recalled having sustained between 1 and 4 injuries in the past 12-months, of which 72.2% involved a hollow-bore needle and 95.1% of injuries involved fingers. Predictors of NSI included being a registered nurse (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) or midwife (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-3.9) compared with nurse managers, being employed in a hospital located in other cities smaller than Shiraz (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8). Nurses who reported a previous contaminated NSI were less likely to sustain a further injury (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NSI in Iranian nurses is high, with the majority of injured staff having sustained up to 4 NSIs in a 12-month period. Nearly all NSIs were high-risk injuries involving a hollow-bore needle. Providing nursing staff with safety-engineered devices, including retractable syringes when hollow-bore needles are to be used, will be an important step toward reducing our NSI epidemic.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of introducing an engineered device for preventing injuries from sharp instruments (engineered sharps injury prevention device [ESIPD]) on the percutaneous injury rate in healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS: We undertook a controlled, interventional, before-after study during a period of 3 years (from January 1998 through December 2000) at a major medical center. The study population was HCWs with potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens. HCWs who sustain a needlestick injury are required by hospital policy to report the exposure. A confidential log of these injuries is maintained that includes information on the date and time of the incident, the type and brand of sharp device involved, and whether an ESIPD was used. INTERVENTION: Introduction of an intravenous (IV) catheter stylet with a safety-engineered feature (a retractable protection shield), which was placed in clinics and hospital wards in lieu of other IV catheter devices that did not have safety features. No protective devices were present on suture needles during any of the periods. The incidence of percutaneous needlestick injury by IV catheter and suture needles was evaluated for 18 months before and 18 months after the intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, the incidence of percutaneous injuries resulting from IV catheters decreased significantly (P<.01), whereas the incidence of injuries resulting from suture needle injuries increased significantly (P<.008). CONCLUSION: ESIPDs lead to a reduction in percutaneous injuries in HCWs, helping to decrease HCWs' risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.  相似文献   

19.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed daily to the risk of injury by needlesticks and other medical instruments. However, the psychiatric impacts of such injuries have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health status of HCWs with experiences of needlestick and sharps injuries. A cross-sectional written survey was performed. The psychological symptoms before injury and current status were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The proportions of HCWs with and without needlestick and sharps injuries were 71.1% (n=263) and 28.9% (n=107), respectively. HAM-A and BDI scores were significantly higher among HCWs with injury experiences (p<0.01). HCWs with injury experiences exhibited higher PSS and BDI scores after the injury and higher levels of anxiety and depression. Particular attention should be directed towards the psychological consequences of needlestick and sharps injuries in HCWs.  相似文献   

20.
A review of sharps injuries and preventative strategies   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
Exposure to bloodborne pathogens from sharps injuries continues to pose a significant risk to healthcare workers (HCW). The number of sharps injuries sustained by HCW is still unclear, primarily due to under-reporting. In this review a mean rate of 4.0% (range 1.0-6.2%) sharps injuries per 10000 HCW was calculated from eight studies involving more than 7000 HCW. Nurses and doctors were most at risk of sharps injuries, frequently from hollow-bore needles. Approaches to reduce this risk have included education and training on the safe handling and disposal of sharp devices, awareness campaigns and legislative action. More recently, preventative strategies have focused on needle protective devices, which may reduce the rate of sharps injuries. Introducing needle protective devices should be considered particularly in high-risk areas, after training, education, evaluation and cost-benefit analysis.  相似文献   

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