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1.
随着我国精神疾病患病率不断上升,其所带来的经济负担随之增加。促进精神障碍患者回归社会是精神卫生工作的重点,职业康复是精神障碍患者回归社会的重要方式。本文通过对职业康复的概念、精神障碍患者职业康复模式的发展现状及精神障碍患者职业康复影响因素等进行阐述,为精神障碍患者职业康复的研究和发展提供借鉴,并为公共精神卫生服务提供者和决策者整合协调精神障碍人群职业康复的资源提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
为探索在新形势下建立符合我军特点的精神卫生服务管理模式,文章结合本院近5年来运用“集中收治康复”模式服务部队精神障碍患者的实践;从基本原则和思路目标、政策保障和配套支持、规模布局和功能划分三个方面对“集中收治康复”模式思考,以期为我军各精神卫生防治中心的建设发展提供借鉴,并为职能部门制定军队精神卫生工作规划,特别是为加强和改进军队精神障碍患者医疗救治和康复期休养管理提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
精神卫生问题不仅是医疗问题,也是社会问题,更是全球性公共卫生问题。对精神障碍患者权益的保护和对他们进行治疗管理以及对公众精神健康水平的促进,都亟待国家立法来规范。我国精神卫生立法历经27年的艰难跋涉进入最后冲刺阶段。在精神卫生法即将颁布实施的重要节点,借鉴国内外法律法规的实践经验和教训,以及精神卫生和法学专家的研究成果,围绕如何更好地保障精神病人的合法权益、提高公民的精神健康水平,特别是精神病人非自愿住院、强制医疗以及专业人才培养、精神卫生保障和服务体系建设等敏感问题,集思广益凝聚共识,促进修改中的精神卫生法草案更趋完善和易于操作,是件非常有意义的事情。  相似文献   

4.
陈飞 《现代养生》2013,(12):10-11
精神障碍患者住院、出院实行自愿原则,是5月1日起实施的《精神卫生法》的一大亮点。日前,北京市海淀区精神卫生防治院对该院近300名住院患者进行了调查,有180多名患者要求出院回家,经过评估,其中150多人符合出院条件。随后,该院请家属座谈征求意见,但是几乎所有的家属都反对患者出院。精神障碍患者出院难、回归家庭和社会难一直是难题。虽然法律规定家属不能遗弃精神障碍患者,患者可以通过起诉监护人等手段维权,但专家表示,真正保护精神障碍患者的权益,目前还非常难。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]了解目前北京市社区精神障碍患者的康复需求,以期为更好的提供精神卫生服务提供依据。[方法]采用自行设计的调查问卷,对北京市朝阳、西城、大兴、房山4个区在社区康复的精神障碍患者进行现场调查,回收的数据用Epidata 3. 1录入,并用SPSS 22. 0软件进行统计分析。[结果]①社区精神障碍患者以城市京籍中老年无业者居多,学历普遍较低,多为持有精神残疾类别的残疾证的严重精神障碍患者;②近一半的患者更愿意接受社区专业化康复医疗服务(344,48. 6%);③患者选择在社区接受精神卫生服务的原因主要是方便及时(570,80. 5%);④大部分患者认为应该通过提高服务的专业性来促进社区精神卫生服务的发展(299,42. 2%)。[结论]北京市社区精神障碍患者的需求集中体在优质专业的社区精神卫生服务、丰富多样的就业岗位、灵活有效的康复项目、美好和谐的家庭环境和社区氛围等方面,而要更好满足患者的需求需要政府完善相关政策、提高基层服务水平、加强宣传、促进多方合作。  相似文献   

6.
目前非自愿住院治疗在我国精神专科医院中普遍存在,但是随着《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》的颁布实施,精神障碍患者的入院治疗应落实自愿原则。本文结合目前精神障碍患者入院治疗的新要求,对精神专科医院在落实精神卫生法自愿原则方面提出建议,以适应新形势下的精神卫生工作需求。  相似文献   

7.
《上海预防医学》2013,(5):266-266
<正>1.精神卫生法是促进精神卫生事业发展,规范精神卫生服务,维护精神障碍患者合法权益的重要法律,自2013年5月1日起正式实施。2.心理健康关系每一个人、每一个家庭的幸福。用人单  相似文献   

8.
社区精神病患者的家庭护理   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
<正>自20世纪60年代社区精神卫生运动以来,精神病人的家庭护理即成为精神卫生社区康复护理中的重要一环,它使患者获得持续的医疗服务,减少疾病的反复和促进康复,同时也为患者家属提供身体上、心理上及情绪上的帮助,使患者及家属获得合乎人性的,个人尊严受到尊重的照顾[1]。根据患者家属的不同心态,不同的知识结构和不同的家庭社会环境等的差异,而有针对性地进行家庭护理指导极为重要。  相似文献   

9.
"社会化、综合性、开放式"精神病防治康复模式之实践   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
随着生活节奏的加快、竞争的加剧,加上其他社会因素的影响,在中国大陆精神病患病率由50年代的2,7‰上升到70年代的5.4‰、80年代的11.7‰、90年代的13.47‰。精神病患者已达1600多万人,其中重性患者占半数左右。目前中国大陆有精神病院657所,床位17万张,精神科医生近1.3万人,每年仅能收治住院精神障碍患者30万人次。大量精神障碍患者得不到及时有效的治疗康复,精神卫生问题成为与发展过程相伴而生的日趋严重的社会问题。  相似文献   

10.
不久前,十一届人大29次会议终于通过了《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》,这一法律对发展精神卫生事业、规范精神卫生服务、维护精神障碍患者的合法权益做出了规定,也对精神病患者住院安全管理提出了新要求.笔者对此进行了探讨,供从事精神卫生管理和精神病患者康复工作的同志参考.  相似文献   

11.
随着精神医学的发展和世界人权运动的兴起,精神障碍者的知情同意权也得到社会普通的重视.各类国际组织先后就保护精神障碍者的权利发表宣言,一些国家也有判例来保护精神阵碍者的知情同意权,临床精神病学家也在积极探索精神障碍者的认知能力问题.从精神病科学和法学结合的角度来看,在对精神障碍者认知功能科学评定的基础上,有区别地保护精神障碍者的知情同意权才是当前可行的途径.  相似文献   

12.
《Social work in health care》2013,52(3-4):153-163
SUMMARY

The role of the birth father in adoption is debated by lawyers, adoption professionals, and members of the adoption triad. At issue is how best to involve the birth father in the adoption plan while respecting the feelings of the birth mother, prospective adoptive couple, and rights of the child. This article examines emotional, legal and practice issues related to a birth father in adoption and implications for the perinatal social worker.  相似文献   

13.
Kapp MB 《Urban health》1981,10(9):41-44
In an era of strong concern for patients' rights in medical care, particularly where mental health-related services are involved, it is useful for the health professional--the physician in particular--to have meaningful guidance in understanding the difficult legal, ethical and policy issues they face in their daily practice. This article discusses the patients' rights provisions of the recently enacted federal Mental Health Systems Act as one important source of such guidance.  相似文献   

14.
Appropriate and woman-led health care for displaced women is essential to respecting basic human rights. In this article, we describe the results of an analysis of the association between mental health and reproductive health service use from a sample of Congolese refugee women residing in short- and long-term camps in Rwanda, with a post-hoc qualitative potion added to expand upon the data-based results. Our findings suggest that structural factors including health policy initiatives affect or even inhibit individual care choices.  相似文献   

15.
The legal files of 144 juveniles charged as adults in one Pennsylvania county were reviewed to investigate whether trauma-related information was included in evaluations of amenability to treatment and how that information related to legal decisions to keep youth in criminal court or decertify them to the juvenile system. Potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) were noted in more than 71% of evaluations. Youth with any PTE documented were more likely to remain in criminal court, have more prior arrests, report regular marijuana use, and have mental health diagnoses associated with offending behaviors. Youth with direct (versus witnessed) exposure to PTEs were more likely to have been placed out of home and to be diagnosed with other mental health disorders. However, only 6% of the evaluations specifically recommended treatment for trauma-related issues, and documentation of PTEs was not associated with the ultimate legal decision except in cases involving severe injury.  相似文献   

16.
Recent changes in mental health policy and treatment have largely been attributed to a professional concern for patients' rights. This view is challenged by patients' rights organizations and their allies, such as legal advocacy groups. These parties argue that psychiatric planners and providers are trying to coopt a popular movement and to use patients' rights as a convenient explanation for the mental health system's limited self-reform and fiscal limitations. A key issue here is the gap between planned policy and implemented practice. Patients' rights activists maintain that rights are only very sparsely implemented, while the mental health system believes that it has progressed quite far. A study of patients' rights attitudes held by the various involved forces can illuminate the conflicts in patients' rights policy and provide understanding of the potential for resolving these conflicts. Such an analysis also touches on some general themes concerning the relationships between health providers and social movements in the health field. This paper examines attitudes towards mental patients' rights on the part of mental patients rights groups, state departments of mental health, state hospitals and statewide mental health associations. One hypothesis was borne out: that patients' rights groups do not believe as much as does the mental health establishment that concern for patients' rights has played a large role in mental health policy. Further, the activist groups are more favorable than are the other respondents to abolition or sharp curtailment of intrusive psychiatric treatments. And, mental health officials and their lay supporters are less prone to accept patients' rights groups' initiative in reform efforts. The second main hypothesis, that the mental health establishment would be more antagonistic to patients' rights in states where patients rights groups existed, was not supported. One possible explanation for this is that patients' rights groups have had a nationwide impact, and that mental health officials face common problems throughout the country. Alternatively, or in conjunction, an antecedent variable of political liberalism may operate in some states, creating both activist groups and more liberal psychiatric professionals. The significance of these findings is discussed and suggestions are offered for future research in this area.  相似文献   

17.
Clinicians commonly face an ethical conundrum when the patient declines a treatment they believe to be necessary. The decision, whether to give or to withhold treatment, may also have legal repercussions. Two illustrative cases are presented. Although the Mental Health Act (1983) is concerned with treatment of mental disorder, treatments for physical disorders may be given in certain circumstances if the patient is deemed to lack the competence to understand the issues involved in the decision, and treatment is deemed to be in their best interests.  相似文献   

18.
最小限制原则作为英美法中的一项宪法原则,强调政府对个人权利的干预或限制应选择侵害程度最小或限制性最小的手段。具体到对精神障碍患者的非自愿治疗,则要求只有在没有其他限制性更小的替代措施时,方可对患者采取非自愿治疗,并确保患者能够在最小限制的环境下接受治疗。作为《保护精神病患者和改善精神保健的原则》所认可的一项基本原则,最小限制原则对我国精神医疗同样具有重要意义,应将该原则作为精神障碍患者非自愿入院和治疗的基本准则。  相似文献   

19.
Individuals held in mental health care facilities often have been deprived of their basic civil and legal rights. In Canada and the United States, legislation now exists to ensure the protection of these rights, and advocacy programs have been developed to apply and enforce this legislation. It is important for mental health professionals to be aware of the relevance and need for advocacy programs. Equally important is the appreciation of the structural issues involved in developing and administering advocacy programs. In examining a number of patients’ rights advocacy programs, strengths, weaknesses, and general success factors are identified. Recommendations are then made for the development, implementation, and modification of advocacy programs. A review of this area indicates a need for empirical research in a number of areas, and directions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

20.
We want to focus in this discussion on three of the issues most closely associated with child protection, child abuse and child neglect. These issues are are mental distress, poverty and participation. A key theme in our discussion will be the connections that exist between the individual, society and the state. We want to keep these relations to the front of our discussion because underlying it is the view that only by focussing on both the personal and the social can policy and practice operate effectively to safeguard common rights and meet people's different needs.  相似文献   

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