基于DEA的三级医院规模经济分析

目的:了解三级医院规模经济程度和适宜规模范围。方法:从浙江省64家综合性三级医院中抽取22家的2002年-2007年面板数据,利用数据包络分析方法有关模型计算规模效率,判断规模报酬区间。结果:22个医院132个单元按效率强度分组,规模相对有效组有16个医院48个单元(占36.4%),边缘无效组有19个医院76个单元(57.6%),明显无效组4个医院8个单元(6.0%);相对有效组床位均数为906,极差为410～1 874;规模有效率单元的比例呈U形变化,两头略高,以2004年较低;处于省会的医院的规模效率高于地处地市和县城;处于规模报酬不变区间单元数48个(占36.4%)。结论:少数单元(36.4%)呈规模经济;多数三级医院规模扩张太快,尤其是地处地市和县城者;三级医院适宜床位范围为400～1 800张,其中地处省会者宜控制在1 800张以下,地市和县城则在1 200张以下。     

基于数据包络分析的三级医院适宜规模研究

目的 研究三级医院床位和人员的适宜规模,控制医院过度发展和资源浪费.方法 以北京市三级医院为研究样本,确定投入一产出指标,利用DEAP （2.1）软件,分析1991-2011年北京市三级医院规模报酬状态,找出规模报酬拐点,从而确定三级医院适宜规模.结果 2011年,34所医院中,有31家医院处于数据包络分析（DEA）有效状态,3家医院处于DEA非有效状态;时间序列纵向分析中,有26家医院出现规模报酬拐点.北京市三级医院的适宜规模的严格控制标准为：床位619张,在职职工1 242人;较宽松的控制标准为：床位844张,在职职工1 785人.结论 研究得到了三级公立医院的规模控制标准,要严格控制公立医院的规模和特大型医院的数量,注重提高医院的运行效率,缩短平均住院日.     

武汉地区医院产科资源利用效率及影响因素研究

目的分析武汉地区医院产科的资源利用效率,探索影响产科效率的潜在因素,为提高产科资源的利用效率提供参考。方法采用数据包络分析测算2013年70家武汉地区医院产科的效率,采用Tobit回归分析各潜在因素对医院纯技术效率与规模效率的影响。结果武汉地区医院产科的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0.454、0.754和0.593,分别仅有5.7%、21.4%和5.7%的医院技术效率有效。Tobit回归表明,产科床位规模与床位使用率是影响产科效率的主要因素。结论医院产科效率有很大的提升空间,扩大床位规模虽可提高规模效率,但不利于纯技术效率的提高。增强医院产科内部管理水平,提高床位使用率有利于提高医院产科的资源利用效率。     

基于数据包络分析的县级综合医院规模经济效率研究

目的:从医院运营效率角度求证县级综合医院医院规模经济现象,如果存在则初步确定医院床位适宜规模.方法:应用数据包络分析方法分析不同床位分组医院效率得分及其规模报酬状态,检验不同规模医院效率得分、规模报酬状态是否具有显著性差异,同时对非数据包络分析有效决策单元进行投入产出投影分析.结果:(1)不同规模医院组效率得分具有显著...     

浙江省乡镇卫生院规模适宜性评价

目的了解乡镇区划不断调整后的乡镇卫生院是否存在规模小、效率低等问题,评价浙江省乡镇卫生院的规模适宜性。方法利用数据包络分析方法和浙江省乡镇卫生院的年报数据进行分析。结果:全部样本单元(1177所乡镇卫生院)的整体效率平均值为0.72,规模效率为0.95;60.2%的样本单元规模报酬递减;影响规模效率高低的因素主要有职工数、执业(助理)医师数、设备数、每名职工实际占用床日及所在县、区的经济类型等。结论:(1)半数以上乡镇卫生院规模偏大,应重视内涵建设与合理控制乡镇卫生院规模。(2)职工数和执业(助理)医师数量总体上偏大,但仍有11.0%的乡镇卫生院执业医师数为零,因此,应着重提高人员素质。(3)增加设备数量,提高工作效率(如每名职工占用床日等指标)可以提高规模效率。(4)乡镇卫生院床位一般以30张以下较好,不宜超过100张;职工数控制在60人以下,不宜超过90人。     

基于模型的广西家县级公立医院效率研究

目的评价广西县级公立医院运行效率,为推进医改提供参考依据。方法采用DEA对41家县级公立医院进行效率评价。结果总体有效医院15家(36.59%),41家医院的总体效率、纯技术效率、规模效率平均值分别为0.899、0.953和0.944,纯技术效率不高的医院16家(39.02%),规模报酬递减的医院17家(41.46%),规模报酬递增的医院7家(17.07%);实际开放床位数、职工总数、总支出、固定资产投入冗余,门急诊量、出院人次、业务收入产出不足。结论注重投入与产出研究,合理控制医院发展规模,提高资源利用效率,加强医院运营管理。     

基于数据包络分析的福建三级甲等医院运营效率评价

目的对福建省随机抽取的15所三级甲等医院效率进行评价,为提高三级甲等医院效率提出有效建议。方法通过文献优选法确定评价指标,运用数据包络分析(DEA)模型对投入产出指标进行分析。结果 15所医院平均效率值为0.929,其中9所医院DEA有效,6所医院非DEA有效,6所非DEA有效的医院规模效率均小于1,2所医院规模报酬递减,4所医院规模报酬递增;非DEA有效医院若达到DEA有效卫生技术人员可减少1240人,节省床位1523张,固定资产总额147418万元。结论医院不但需要提高管理水平,改进管理模式,资源合理投入,提高利用效率,也要加强协同合作,实现共赢。     

应用Bootstrap-DEA方法的公立三级医院技术效率测量与比较分析

目的:测量我国公立三级综合医院技术效率并进行比较分析。方法:采取系统分层典型抽样方法收集2018年5省203家医院投入、产出指标截面数据,应用Bootstrap-DEA方法计算样本医院的技术效率、规模效率和纯技术效率,并按床位数分5组进行效率值比较分析。结果:样本医院技术效率值为0.6487,规模效率值为0.9762,纯技术效率值为0.6645;样本医院三个效率值随着床位增加呈现先升后降的趋势,床位≤1000的样本医院组平均效率值最低,3000<床位≤4000的样本医院组平均效率值最高。结论:我国部分省份公立三级综合医院技术效率整体水平较低,纯技术效率偏低是技术效率较低的主要原因;在医疗卫生服务领域存在规模经济现象,医院不宜盲目扩张。     

宁夏县级综合医院适宜规模分析

目的:探讨宁夏县级医疗机构床位数的变化对机构规模效率的影响,从而发现宁夏县级综合医院适宜的规模。方法:以医疗机构的实际开放床位数作为衡量医疗机构规模的一个主要指标,将所有宁夏县级综合医院纳入研究,搜集2000—2012年的宁夏县级综合医院的投入和产出数据,以DEA-CCR、DEA-BCC计算决策单元的综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率;利用曲线回归分析(curve estimation)探索宁夏县级综合医院的适宜规模。结果:发现实际开放床位数与医疗机构的规模效率得分呈现三次方关系,当实际开放床位数介于[120,220]时,规模效率得分基本处于最高阶段,因此宁夏县级综合医院目前最适宜的床位规模是120~220张。结论:按照区域卫生规划控制县级医疗机构的规模。     

建立卫生发展基金 推进农村卫生建设

改革开放十多年来,温州经济的持续快速发展令人瞩目。然而,作为社会发展重要组成部分的卫生事业,基础设施仍不尽人意。据1994年底统计,我市每千人口的卫生机构床位1.62张,其中医院床位仅1.11张,每千人口的卫技人员2.74人,其中医生仅0.93人。农村基层的卫生资源更是贫乏,全市492所集体所有制乡镇卫生院,平均每所卫生院只有固定资产原值6.56万元、用房637.60m~2、床位3.09张(76.60％是无床的门诊所)、人员9.47人(56.82％无技术职称);由于装备简陋,业务总收入中的检查费只占3.58％,而药品收入占69.06％。究其主要原因:一是卫生服务的补     

效率指数模型和床位利用模型在三级公立医院床位利用评价中的应用

目的分析北京市三级公立医院的床位利用效率,了解医疗制度改革后到目前为止的床位使用情况,为医院床位管理及相关医疗资源配置提供依据。方法利用归一法中的效率指数模型以及床位利用模型对2009—2018年间北京市三级公立医院整体及分类别医院床位利用情况进行分析。结果北京市三级公立医院整体床位规模增速放缓;床位利用效率逐步上升,其中综合医院稳步提升,专科医院上升幅度大,中医类医院变化较为复杂,有待进一步提升。结论效率模型和床位利用模型能够更加准确全面地反映床位利用情况,有助于政府部门及医院管理者制定发展规划,了解并适时调整床位资源布局,避免医疗资源的短缺和浪费。医院床位管理在关注工作效率的同时也要关注效用,继续加强双向转诊使三级医院床位发挥更大作用。北京市三级公立综合医院和专科医院床位管理在高效运转的同时要加强病房管理,提高医疗质量,规避医疗风险;中医类医院要努力发挥中医优势病种诊疗和综合服务能力,提升其床位工作效率。     

我国县级中医医院床位利用效率评价研究*

目的：分析我国县级中医医院的床位利用效率,为县级中医医院床位资源合理配置提供参考,推动县级中医医院合理建设,促进乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展。方法：利用秩和比法和床位利用模型对2019年全国不同床位规模的县级中医医院床位利用效率进行分析。结果：秩和比法分档结果显示,500~799床规模的县级中医医院位于上等,其余床位规模均位于中等;床位利用模型分析结果显示,300床以下规模的县级中医医院为床位闲置型,800~999床规模为压床型,300~499 床、500~799床、1 000~1 500床规模为床位效率型。结论：（1） 县级中医医院总体床位利用效率有待提升;（2） 300~499 床县级中医医院床位利用效率较好,有利于拓展县域中医医疗体系服务功能;（3） 300床以下县级中医医院床位利用效率较低,亟需各级政府加大关注。     

Do community hospitals reduce the use of district general hospital inpatient beds?

Community hospitals have been supported by the general public and by professionals as one means of increasing choice between local, low technology, care and high technology care at the district general hospital. However, there is no information on the impact of community hospitals on district general hospital use subsequent to NHS and community care reforms. Examination of routinely gathered activity data in the Bath Health District revealed that availability of community hospital beds was associated with reduced use of central inpatient services in the city of Bath. The reduction was most apparent for medical and geriatric beds. Decrease in the use of surgical beds was small. However, total inpatient bed use (including central and community hospital beds) was higher in the population with access to community hospital beds. We conclude that community hospitals offer one option for accessible health care and, as such merit systematic evaluation of costs and benefits. This study presents some evidence that savings could be achieved through improved efficiency.     

军队大型综合性医院床位规模效益实证分析

目的分析我国军队大型综合性医院床位规模效益,指导医院改革。方法描述性分析我国20多年来大型综合性医院床位规模现状,运用对我国军队6所大型综合性医院床位规模效益进行分析。结果军队大型综合性医院总体效率较高,但存在投入过多或产出不足,导致部分医院低效率。结论随着社会经济的不断发展,医院床位规模的增长成为必然趋势。医院应根据区域卫生规划、病床的使用情况等因素调整规模。     

Community hospitals in Oxfordshire: their effect on the use of specialist inpatient services.

About one-third of the general practices in the Oxfordshire Health District have access to beds in community hospitals as well as district general hospitals. Hospital Activity Analysis data were used to calculate the average number of hospital beds occupied daily by patients registered with each general practice in the district. Practices with and without access to community hospitals were compared to determine whether such access was associated with a reduction in the use of beds in general medical, geriatric, and other specialties, and an increase in overall utilisation rates. The rate of use of general medical and geriatric beds in district general hospitals by practice populations with access to community hospitals was about half that of populations without such access. Utilisation rates overall, combining the use of beds in both district general hospitals and community hospitals, were a little higher in populations with access to both community hospitals and district general hospitals than in those with access to district general hospitals only.     

应用数据包络分析评价辽宁西部地区乡镇卫生院技术效率

目的应用数据包络分析(DEA)对辽宁西部地区的乡镇卫生院进行效率评价,为辽西地区乡镇卫生院建设提供依据。方法应用DEA中的BC2模式对乡镇卫生院的技术效率进行评价;采用Tobit回归分析对技术效率影响因素进行分析。结果73所乡镇卫生院达到了技术有效,占全部卫生院的30.42%;影响中心卫生院技术效率的因素为实设床位、本科学历人数、年内门急诊总人数、全年实际占用总床日数、全年出院人数和手术总例数(P<0.05);一般卫生院技术效率的影响因素为中专学历人数、年内门急诊总人次数和全年出院人数(P<0.05)。结论卫生人力质量是影响乡镇卫生院效率的关键因素,乡镇卫生院建设的重点是卫生人力资源开发。     

Evaluation of productive efficiency in the Unified National Health System hospitals in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

This study evaluated the productive efficiency of 112 hospitals under the Unified National Health System (SUS) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The objective was to verify which hospitals apply the available resources efficiently. The research was based on data from 2003 collected from the SUS Hospital Data System (SIH-SUS). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was applied under the assumption of variable returns to scale. The study focused exclusively on general hospitals with similar characteristics in terms of size and specialization. The results identified 23 efficient hospitals and efficiency targets for each hospital. According to the empirical model, the number of hospitalizations with discharges could be increased by 15%. Application of an input reduction model would result in savings of 25% on human resources (physicians and nurse technicians), 17% on hospital beds, and 13% on admissions costs for the overall hospital system.     

Economies of scale and scope in Vietnamese hospitals

Hospitals consume a large share of health resources in developing countries, but little is known about the efficiency of their scale and scope. The Ministry of Health of Vietnam and World Bank collected data in 1996 from the largest sample ever surveyed in a developing country. The sample included 654 out of 815 public hospitals, six categories of hospitals and a broad range of sizes. These data were used to estimate total variable cost as a function of multiple products, such as admissions and outpatient visits. We report results for two specifications: (1) estimates with a single variable for beds and (2) estimates with interaction terms for beds and the category of hospital. The coefficient estimates were used to calculate marginal costs, short-run returns to the variable factor, economies of scale, and economies of scope for each category of hospital. There were important differences across categories of hospitals. The measure of economies of scale was 1.09 for central general and 1.05 for central specialty hospitals with a mean of 516 and 226 beds, respectively, indicating roughly constant returns to scale. The measure was well below one for both provincial general and specialty hospitals with a mean of 357 and 192 beds, respectively, indicating large diseconomies of scale. The measure was 1.16 for district hospitals and 0.89 other ministry hospitals indicating modest economies and diseconomies of scale, respectively. There were large economies of scope for central and provincial general hospitals. We conclude that in a system of public hospitals in a developing country that followed an administrative structure, the variable cost function differed significantly across categories of hospitals. Economies of scale and scope depended on the category of the hospital in addition to the number of beds and volume of output.