新型农村合作医疗实施对乡镇卫生院护理工作的影响

目的探讨新型农村合作医疗实施对乡镇卫生院护理工作的影响。方法选择我院2011年1月至2011年12月新型农村合作医疗实施以来,加强护理管理工作的临床资料与2010年1月至12月收治的未实施护理管理工作的资料进行回顾性分析。结果实施后疾病知识知晓率、患者护理满意度、护理人员职业认同度显著高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新型农村合作医疗实施加强乡村卫生院整体护理工作,显著提高了患者满意度和护理人员工作积极性,是确保乡镇卫生院工作顺利开展的保障。     

余庆县乡镇卫生院医务工作者工作满意度调查

目的了解余庆县乡镇卫生院医务工作者满意度现状,分析其主要影响因素,为提高乡镇卫生院医务工作者工作满意度提供科学依据。方法 2012年7月—2013年2月采取随机抽样的方法,抽取余庆县9个乡镇卫生院的医务工作者进行问卷调查,以李克特5点量表计分。用Excel录入整理数据,采用t检验,方差分析,多元逐步回归分析。结果乡镇卫生院医务工作者总体满意度均值为(2.95±0.39)分;不同维度之间满意度不同;不同性别的医务工作者之间总体满意度差异无统计学意义(t=-1.047,P0.05);不同文化程度、职类的医务工作者之间总体满意度差异无统计学意义(F=0.455,1.291,P0.05);不同年龄、工龄、职称的医务工作者之间总体满意度差异有统计学意义(F=3.542、5.758、3.195,P0.05)。结论乡镇卫生院医务工作者总体满意度不高;不同年龄、工龄的医务工作者其工作满意度有差异;领导与管理、培训与晋、工作条件、人际关系、报酬、职业风险是影响乡镇卫生院医务工作者工作满意度的主要因素。     

四川省乡镇卫生院患者满意度调查

[目的]分析乡镇卫生院患者满意度现状,为乡镇卫生院进行针对性的改进提供参考依据. [方法]以问卷形式调查四川省乡镇卫生院患者满意度,进行数据分析. [结果]乡镇卫生院患者的总体满意程度较高,但在就诊及时性、健康教育宣传工作等方面仍存在不足. [结论]乡镇卫生院应采取有效的措施不断的提高患者满意度.     

贵州省少数民族贫困县农村护理队伍调查

目的：了解贵州省少数民族贫困县农村护理队伍现状。方法：2010年8月对贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州三穗县医院、中医院、妇幼保健院和所有10个乡镇卫生院在编在岗护理人员共74人进行问卷调查。结果：三穗县平均每千人口注册护士0.34人,平均每千农业人口乡镇卫生院注册护士0.07人;全县及乡镇卫生院平均医护比分别为1∶0.29,1∶0.26;平均床护比分为1∶0.18,1∶0.09;低于全国、西部地区及贵州省平均水平（P〈0.05）。各乡镇护理人员服务人口分布的洛伦兹曲线远离绝对公平线;乡镇卫生院护理人员职称均为初级,缺乏培训机会,职称晋升困难,工资待遇、住房条件低（差）于县级医疗卫生机构同龄同学历护理人员。结论：三穗县农村护理人力短缺,乡镇卫生院尤为突出;分布公平性差;乡镇卫生院护理人员工作及生活条件有待改善。     

乡镇卫生院慢性病的护理漫谈

随着乡镇卫生院建设的规模扩大化,制度实施的规范化,对于护理人员的工作要求也越来越高,特别是面对日益严重的慢性病患者的护理任务,乡镇卫生院的护理人员应当做出怎样的调整呢?本文从当下对于慢性病护理工作现状存在的问题出发,提出一系列宝贵的建设性意见,为规范合理的乡镇卫生院护理管理制度提供借鉴性的发展方向。     

支医护理人员在乡镇卫生院护理管理中的作用

目的探讨支医护理人员在乡镇卫生院护理管理工作中的方法及作用。方法总结万州区人民医院8名支医护理人员在7所乡镇卫生院开展护理工作的情况,分析乡镇卫生院护理工作中存在的问题,并提出改进方法。结果各项护理工作逐渐制度化、规范化,服务意识、护理人员素质不断提高。结论支医护理人员在"支医工作"的实施中促进了乡镇卫生院护理质量提高,值得推广。     

贵州省乡镇卫生院骨干医师收入现状及其对工作满意度的影响

目的了解贵州省乡镇卫生院骨干医师的收入现状,分析其收入对工作满意度的影响,为合理调整收入分配制度以提高乡镇卫生院骨干医师的工作满意度提供科学依据。方法对贵州省2015年乡镇卫生院骨干医师培训项目的800名学员进行问卷调查,共收回790份有效问卷。描述乡镇骨干医师的收入现状,采用单因素和多重线性回归分析收入及相关因素与工作满意度的关系。结果贵州省乡镇卫生院骨干医师的平均月收入为3 592元,期望月收入平均值为6149元。不同性别、年龄、工龄、职称、职务、学历的骨干医师收入存在统计学差异(P0.05);多重线性回归结果显示,收入满意度、绩效考核制度实施情况和职务与工作满意度有统计学关联(P0.05)。结论贵州省乡镇卫生院骨干医师的收入水平偏低,收入满意度是激励骨干医师的重要杠杆,建议通过制定科学合理的绩效考核制度,不断提高收入满意度和水平,从而提高乡镇卫生院骨干医师的工作满意度和队伍稳定性。     

乡镇卫生院护理人员工作现状及离职意愿研究

目的:描述乡镇卫生院护理人员工作现状和离职意愿,并分析工作量和工作内容对离职意愿的影响,为改善基层护理工作提出建议。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,对我国三个省45家乡镇卫生院的167名护理人员进行问卷调查,并深度访谈44名护理人员。结果:深化医改以来,农村基层护理人员工作量增加,62%认为自己的工作量大。护理工作占护理人员平均工作时间的60%;公共卫生服务工作占平均工作时间的21%。30%的被调查者具有离职意愿。在控制省份、工作量、婚姻状况、编制、文化程度和从医年限等混杂因素后,公共卫生服务参与情况与护理人员离职意愿显著相关(P0.05)。结论:医改后乡镇卫生院护理人员工作内容扩展、工作量增加,工作内容的扩展降低了护理人员的离职意愿。     

重庆市乡镇卫生院人力资源现况调查与分析

目的:了解重庆市乡镇卫生院人力资源现况,为进一步做好农村卫生工作提供决策参考.方法:采用问卷调查方式,获得乡镇卫生院人力资源状况,并应用描述性统计方法进行统计分析.结果:重庆市乡镇卫生院医护比为1:0.72(医师37.24％,护理人员26.74％);职称以初级职称为主(63.73％),其次为无职称(20.88％);人员的总体学历水平比较低,以大专为主(53.48％).结论:重庆市乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员缺乏,总体素质不高,技术职称水平亟待提高.     

乡镇卫生院职工工作满意度及影响因素分析

目的：了解乡镇卫生院职工工作满意度,并分析其主要影响因素,为提高乡镇卫生院服务水平提供参考依据。方法：采用分层抽样的方法,抽取连云港市2个县,对其8家乡镇卫生院的234名医务人员进行问卷调查,并运用因子分析和Logistic回归分析筛选出主要影响因子以及社会学影响因素。结果：回收有效问卷215份,有效应答率为91.9%,总体满意得分为2.51分,影响职工工作满意度的主要因子依次为医院管理及人文制度、工作环境及工作报酬2个;影响职工工作满意度的社会学因素依次为文化程度、行政职务、专业职称。结论：乡镇卫生院应当从完善人文制度、加强基础设施、提高医务人员工资与待遇等方面增强自身的内涵建设,提高职工工作满意度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Trends in changes in plant fiber consumption in Poland

The purpose of the study was an analysis of changes in the consumption of plant fibre in Poland in the period 1950-1987. The analysis included plant fibre content in four groups of products considered as the main source of fibre in diet: cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruit. A reduction was noted in the consumption of plant fibre in general, and the fibre present in cereals and potatoes, while that present in fruit and vegetables has increased. The pattern of plant fibre consumption in Poland is becoming ever more similar to that in highly developed countries. Systematic studies are proposed on the consumption of plant fibre by various groups of the population. It would be indicated to explain to the population the importance and role of plant fibre and introduction for marketing of food providing this fibre, in the first place increased supply of brown bread.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.