预热诱导K_(562)细胞热应激蛋白70高表达对高温引起细胞凋亡的影响

为初步观察预热诱导的应激蛋白 70 (HSP70 )高表达对高温所致细胞凋亡影响 ,用 40℃预热诱导K5 6 2 细胞产生应激蛋白 70高表达 ,用 RT- PCR半定量法检测细胞应激蛋白表达情况 ,然后分别将预热细胞和对照细胞置于 43℃用高温诱导细胞凋亡 ,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率 ,判断 HSP70高表达对细胞凋亡的影响。用 RT- PCR检测发现 ,随着细胞预热时间的延长 ,细胞 HSP70合成明显增加 ,到 12 0 min时达到最高 ,高水平可以维持数小时 ;43℃高温处理后 ,未预热组的细胞凋亡率明显高于预热细胞 ;预热时间长的细胞组细胞凋亡率明显低于预热时间短的细胞组。提示 HSP70高表达可以抑制高温所致的 K5 6 2 细胞凋亡。     

HSF1/HSP70通路抑制c-Jun氨基末端激酶的活化保护UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡

目的观察热休克转录因子1(HSF1)与热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对紫外线A(UVA)诱导HaCaT细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法建立8mJ/cm2UVA辐射损伤HaCaT细胞的病理模型。将细胞随机分为对照组、8mJ/cm2UVA照射组、HSP70转录抑制剂组(50μmol/L槲皮素)。Honechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞凋亡;蛋白质印迹法检测UVA辐射HaCaT细胞后p-HSF1和HSP70蛋白的经时变化及UVA辐射后孵育6h JNK(c-Jun氨基末端激酶)、p-JNK的蛋白表达;Real-Time PCR检测HSP70 mRNA的表达。结果 UVA辐射后HaCaT细胞内p-HSF1、HSP70蛋白表达量均出现先增加后减少的时间依赖性趋势,其中p-HSF1于1h开始增加,3h达高峰,HSP70于6h达高峰,24h基本恢复原始水平;UVA辐射前预先加入HSP70转录抑制剂槲皮素能显著抑制HSP70 mRNA的表达,增加p-JNK的表达量,同时Honechst 33258荧光染色观察其与UVA辐射组比较凋亡率明显升高。结论 8mJ/cm2UVA辐射HaCaT细胞在一定时间内可使HSF1活化致HSP70表达增加。HSF1/HSP70通路对UVA诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡具有保护作用,其机制与HSP70大量表达后抑制JNK的活化有关。     

细胞周期检测点激酶1／2基因与放疗敏感性关系

目的观察宫颈癌HeLa细胞chk1/2基因表达改变对X射线诱导凋亡的影响。方法以脂质体为载体将chk1/2正义链和反义链转染HeLa细胞,用Western blot检测HeLa细胞中chk1/2蛋白的表达,用流式细胞仪和TUNEL法检测X射线照射后细胞凋亡率。结果转染chk1/2反义寡核苷酸可明显抑制chk1/2蛋白表达(F=22.69,P<0.05),X射线作用下细胞凋亡率明显高于转染正义链组(F=23.65,P<0.05)。结论反义封闭chk1/2基因可增加HeLa细胞对X射线照射的凋亡敏感性。     

UHRF1的高表达降低人乳癌细胞对X射线敏感性的研究

目的：了解基因UHRF1的高表达对乳癌细胞MDA-MB-231辐射敏感性的影响.方法：利用克隆形成实验观察细胞存活;流式细胞术测定细胞周期;利用DNA片段分析和Annexin V 试剂盒测定细胞凋亡;Western blot 测定蛋白表达变化;利用经典的染色体分析,观察染色体畸变（着丝粒环和双着丝粒）.结果：与对照相比, UHRF1转染可明显降低MDA-MB-231细胞对X射线的敏感性.利用UHRF1-siRNA抑制UHRF1的表达,可显著增强细胞的辐射敏感性.UHRF1的高表达,可诱导G2/M期阻滞,抑制细胞凋亡,下调促凋亡蛋白Bax,上调DNA损伤修复蛋白Ku70和 Ku80的表达水平,而且,能抑制X射线诱导的染色体畸变.结论：UHRF1可能通过影响凋亡和DNA损伤修复成为乳癌放疗的新靶标.     

预热对白血病患者胸腔渗出细胞H2O2的影响

目的探讨预热对肿瘤细胞过氧化氢敏感性的影响及其机制。方法将白血病患者胸腔渗出细胞(K562)在40℃预热不同时间，诱导细胞热应激蛋白70(HSP70)高表达，用RT—PCR检测细胞HSP70 mRNA水平；将细胞暴露于0．1．0．2，0．4．0．8mmol的H2O2 16h，用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力，观察预热对不同水平H2O2敏感性的影响；保持H2O2浓度为0．2mmol不变。观察不同预热时间对细胞H2O2敏感性的影响。结果40℃预热后细胞的HSP70含量升高，在预热120min后达到最高，以后缓慢下降，可维持10h以上；预热细咆对不同浓度H2O2的敏感性均显著低于未预热细胞；对于相同浓度的H2O2而言，预热120min的细胞对敏感性最低。结论预热可以引起细胞HSP70表达增高。降低细胞对H2O2的敏感性。     

热休克蛋白与胚胎发育的关系

热休克蛋白 (HSPs)是在进化中高度保守的一系列分子量较小的蛋白质 ,与胚胎发育有关的HSPs主要有HSP1 0 0 1 1 0、HSP90、HSP70、HSP6 0、HSP4 0以及小分子HSPs家族。它们可因表达过度、诱导炎症及自身免疫而干扰胚胎发育 ,也可以通过分子伴侣作用、抑制细胞凋亡和免疫保护作用而保护胚胎的发育     

HSP70高表达对K562细胞化疗敏感性研究

目的：研究化学因素引起的热应激蛋白70（HSP70）升高对K562细胞化疗药物体外敏感性的影响。方法：用氯化镉诱导K562细胞使其HSP70高表达，在高表达细胞中分别加入甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、丝裂霉素C（Mitomycin C）、顺氯氨铂（PDD）、平阳霉素（Bleomycin）等4种化疗药物，药物浓度以临床一次用量的1／250为中剂量，中剂量的1／10、10倍分别为低剂量和高剂量，作用16h后用MTT比色法检测细胞活力；HSP70用RT－PCR检测。结果：氯化镉可诱导细胞HSP70高表达，其中作用4h后表达最高；HSP70高表达可以降低细胞对化疗药物的敏感性，HSP70表达水平越高，细胞对化疗药物的敏感性越低。结论：非热诱导的HSP70高表达可以降低肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性，其结果与热诱导的作用相似。     

青蒿琥酯对高温复合内毒素致细胞凋亡保护作用

目的 探讨高温复合内毒素(LPS)作用下,青蒿琥酯(AR)对RAW264.7细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)合成及细胞凋亡的影响.方法采用体外培养的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞.分为空白对照组、高温复合内毒素组、AR组(又分为4个亚组),于40℃、95%O2、5%CO2条件下共同孵育24h.用RT-PCR技术检测细胞内HSP70mRNA及其蛋白的表达量,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.结果 空白组和高温复合内毒素组HSP70m RNA的表达率分别为10%,23%,而AR组可显著提高HSP70mRNA的表达率,为54%,并与高温内毒素组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HSP70蛋白的表达情况与HSPT0mRNA一致,而细胞凋亡率的变化则呈相反趋势.结果 AR进一步诱导高温复合内毒素作用下RAW264.7细胞HSP70m RNA和HSP70蛋白的表达,且可明显降低细胞的凋亡率,可能是其抗损伤保护作用的机制之一.     

氯化锰致PC12细胞凋亡作用及其机制

目的 探讨氯化锰诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用机制.方法 以PC12细胞为多巴胺能神经元的细胞模型,采用MTT比色法检测细胞生长情况,流式细胞术(FCM)及DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳(AGE)检测PC12细胞的凋亡情况,免疫组化法检测PC12细胞HSP70、Survivin、Bcl-2和Bax表达情况.结果 锰能抑制PC12细胞的增殖,呈时间-剂量效应关系;并能诱导其凋亡,呈浓度依赖性;凋亡过程中Bax的表达呈浓度依赖性增强,且与凋亡之间呈正相关关系(R1=0.972,P＜0.01),而HSP70、Survivin和Bcl-2的表达呈浓度依赖性下调,且与凋亡之间呈负相关关系(R2=-0.990,R3=-0.976,R4=-0.980,p均＜0.01).结论 锰对PC12细胞的凋亡具有诱导作用,而上调Bax的表达和下调HSP70、Survivin及Bcl-2的表达可能是其诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用机制之一.     

低剂量辐射对T细胞CD28和Fas分子表达作用的研究

目的 研究低剂量辐射对T细胞CD38受体分子和Fas受体表达的适应性反应，探讨低剂量辐射免疫兴奋效应的分子机制。方法 采用直接免疫荧光－流式细胞仪分析技术，测定低剂量γ射线辐射后T细胞CD28受体分子和Fas受体（CD95）表达的变化。用JAM检测技术研究低剂量γ射线辐射后T细胞DNA断裂程度。结果 用低剂量γ射线诱导辐射后，正常人CD3^ T细胞CD28受体分子的表达有所增加；先低剂量辐射再高剂量辐射，CD28受体分子的表达无明显下降，Fas受体的表达和T细胞DNA断裂程度低于单纯高剂量照射组。结论 低剂量γ射线辐射增加CD28受体分子的表达，先低剂量γ射线辐射再高剂量辐射，CD28受体分子、Fas受体分子的表达和T细胞DNA断裂程度存在适应性反应，这可能是低剂量辐射的免疫兴奋效应的分子机制之一。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.