长春市大学生人际宽恕与人际关系困扰关系

目的了解吉林省长春市大学生人际宽恕情况及其与人际关系困扰的关系。方法采用中国-Mullet宽恕问卷和人际关系诊断量表,对整群抽取的吉林省长春市2所高校492名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果 492名在校大学生中有56.1%的学生人际宽恕得分高于平均人际宽恕得分(195.24±35.98)分;不同性别、不同年级间大学生人际宽恕得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);大学生人际关系困扰平均得分为(9.45±4.97)分;有人际关系困扰者占57.90%,其中70.53%为轻度人际关系困扰,29.47%为重度人际关系困扰;有人际交谈困扰者占76.10%,有人际交友困扰者占84.20%,有待人接物困扰者占40.00%,有异性交往困扰者占61.80%;不同性别、不同生源地间大学生人际关系困扰差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大学生人际关系困扰人际交谈困扰、人际交友困扰、待人接物困扰、异性交往困扰4个维度得分差异有统计学意义(F=103.15,P<0.001);大学生人际宽恕与人际关系困扰及其4个维度均呈负相关关系(P<0.01)。结论大学生人际宽恕对人际关系困扰有一定影响。     

大学生性别角色与人际困扰的关系研究

为探讨性别角色与人际困扰的关系,采用相关量表对291名大学生进行调查.结果显示,不同性别角色的被试在人际困扰总分和各因子上的得分均有显著差异,双性化者和男性化者在人际困扰量表上得分显著低于女性化者和未分化者;性别角色量表中的男性量表与人际困扰量表有显著的负相关(即男性量表得分越高者人际困扰得分越低),而女性量表与人际困扰量表没有显著相关.这表明男性正性特质与大学生的人际关系有密切关系,拥有男性正性特质的个体在人际交往中占有一定优势.     

大学生自尊、自我和谐和人际和谐的关系研究

目的了解大学生自尊、自我和谐、人际和谐的特征及其相互关系,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群、分层、随机抽样方法,使用Rosenberg自尊量表、自我和谐量表及人际关系综合诊断量表,从安徽省30所普通本科高校中随机选取4所高校,每所高校各抽取4个年级共16个班820名大学生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果大学生自尊总平均分为(30.71±4.77),高于理论中值25,大学生自尊水平较高,自尊水平在性别(P=0.004)、生源地(P=0.038)和独生子女(P=0.005)维度差异具有统计学意义。大学生自我和谐总平均分为(98.66±8.69),其中低分组112人(13.72%)、中间组442人(53.95%)、高分组265人(32.33%),在性别、生源地等维度上自我和谐总分及大部分分量表得分差异均无统计学意义,独生子女大学生自我和谐总分差异有统计学意义(P=0.004),城镇和农村大学生在"自我刻板性"分量表上差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。人际和谐与自尊、自我和谐各维度之间均两两相关具有统计学意义。多元回归分析发现,当自尊变量出现时,自我和谐变量对人际交谈困扰的解释量由22.6%下降至12%,标准回归系数由0.087变化到0.035;人际交友困扰由27.6%下降至13.1%,标准回归系数由0.104变化到0.019;待人接物困扰由30.9%下降至15%,标准回归系数由0.079变化到0.020;异性交往困扰由23.4%下降至17.3%,标准回归系数由0.095变化到0.024。结论自尊在自我和谐与人际和谐之间发挥部分中介作用。通过培养大学生的自尊水平,达到其自我和谐和人际和谐,能提高大学生心理健康水平。     

大学生时间管理倾向及人际困扰与心理健康关系

目的 探讨大学生时间管理倾向、人际困扰和心理健康关系.方法 采用时间管理倾向量表、人际关系综合诊断量表和症状自评量表,对河北省唐山市226名大学生进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析.结果 时间价值感得分平均为(38.76±5.35)分;时间监控观得分平均为(82.62±11.19)分;时间效能感得分平均为(37.47±4.95)分;时间管理倾向平均得分为( 158.84±18.14)分;交谈行为困扰得分平均为(1.62±1.42)分;交际困扰得分平均为(2.23±1.81);待人接物困扰得分平均为(1.11±1.01)分;异性交往困扰得分平均为(1.21±1.36)分;人际困扰总分平均为(6.18±4.23)分;症状自评平均得分为(130.47±34.36)分;大学生的时间管理倾向水平与心理健康水平呈负相关,人际困扰水平与心理健康水平呈正相关;多元逐步回归结果表明,人际困扰总分和时间效能感得分可以解释症状自评总分36%的变异量(R=0.6,P＜0.01).结论 时间管理倾向和人际困扰是影响大学生心理健康的重要因素,时间管理水平越高,人际困扰越少,其心理健康状况越好.     

大学生人际适应对智能手机成瘾影响的链式中介效应分析

目的 探讨大学生自悯和自我控制是否在人际适应与手机成瘾间存在中介效应.方法 使用人际适应量表、自悯量表、自我控制量表和大学生手机成瘾倾向量表对517名大学生进行调查.结果 人际适应、自悯、自我控制与手机成瘾四个因素之间两两相关;人际适应对手机成瘾的直接效应显著.自悯和自我控制均在人际适应和手机成瘾之间有中介效应.大学生...     

大学生身体自我对人际关系困扰的影响

[目的]考察大学生人际关系困扰的总体状况,探讨身体自我对人际关系困扰的影响。[方法]采用身体自我描述问卷（PSDQ）和大学生人际关系综合诊断量表,测查432名大学生。[结果]50％的人存在人际关系困扰,比较严重占23．7％;大学生人际关系困扰陛别差异显著,专业、年级和户籍差异不显著;身体自我与人际关系困扰存在显著负相关。整体身体、自尊对大学生人际关系困扰总分具有显著负向预测作用。[结论]大学生总体的人际关系状况不容乐观,身体自我与人际关系困扰关系密切。     

青少年人际困扰与亲子沟通的相关性

目的 探究青少年人际困扰的现状及其与亲子沟通的关系,为改善青少年人际交往问题提供相应参考。方法 2022年5—7月在长沙市两所中学选取符合纳入标准的720名学生作为研究对象,用人际关系综合诊断量表(IRAS)评估青少年人际困扰,用青少年亲子沟通心理问卷(PACT)评估母子沟通和父子沟通,并分析亲子沟通对不同学段青少年人际困扰的影响。结果 青少年人际困扰总分为[8.00(4.00,13.00)]分,人际困扰总检出率为46.53%(335/720)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,专制型父亲教养方式(OR=8.750,95%CI:2.041～37.511,P<0.05)是初中生出现人际困扰的独立危险因素,而母子沟通动力(OR=0.363)、母子沟通能力(OR=0.327)和父子沟通动力(OR=0.203)得分越高,初中生人际困扰的风险越低(P<0.05);忽视型母亲教养方式(OR=6.575,95%CI:1.792～24.126,P<0.05)是高中生人际困扰的独立危险因素,而母子沟通能力(OR=0.286)和父子沟通动力(OR=0.439)得分越高,高中生人际困扰的风...     

大学生自我同一性、人际适应与手机依赖的关系

目的:探讨大学生自我同一性状态、人际适应以及手机依赖之间的关系。方法:采用方便取样并使用大学生自我同一性状态中文简版问卷、大学生人际适应性问卷和手机成瘾倾向量表对在校大学生332名进行调查。结果:(1)Pearson积差相关显示,人际适应总分与同一性延缓、同一性早闭、同一性扩散的得分及手机依赖得分存在负相关(r=-0.15、-0.13、-0.29、-0.45,Ps<0.05),而与同一性获得得分存在正相关(r=0.30,P<0.01);手机依赖总分与同一性获得得分呈负相关(r=-0.11,P<0.05),而与同一性早闭、同一性扩散、同一性延缓的得分呈正相关(r=0.11、0.29、0.21,Ps<0.05)。(2)偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap检验得出,人际适应在同一性扩散、同一性延缓与手机依赖的关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别是0.25、0.15,且中介效应分别占总效应的41.0%、34.9%;人际适应在同一性早闭、同一性获得与手机依赖的关系中起完全中介作用。结论:人际适应在自我同一性状态和手机依赖的关系中发挥中介作用,应关注自我同一性四种状态对大学生手机依赖的影响。     

大学生人际信任与自我价值感的相关研究

目的 调查大学生人际信任和自我价值感状况,并分析两者的相关情况.方法 采用人际信任量表(IS)和青少年学生自我价值感量表(SE)对重庆市310名大学生进行调查.结果 社会取向一般自我价值感、社会取向自我人际价值感、社会取向自我生理价值感,与人际信任显著正相关;个人取向自我道德价值感与人际信任显著负相关.结论 在真诚、友爱、平等的基础上建立融洽的人际关系,是青少年自我价值感提高和人际信任建立的重要方面.     

大学生人际信任与自我价值感的相关研究

目的调查大学生人际信任和自我价值感状况,并分析两者的相关情况。方法采用人际信任量表(IS)和青少年学生自我价值感量表(SE)对重庆市310名大学生进行调查。结果社会取向一般自我价值感、社会取向自我人际价值感、社会取向自我生理价值感,与人际信任显著正相关;个人取向自我道德价值感与人际信任显著负相关。结论在真诚、友爱、平等的基础上建立融洽的人际关系,是青少年自我价值感提高和人际信任建立的重要方面。     

Prevalence of Low Self-esteem and Mental Distress among Undergraduate Medical Students in Jimma University: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundMedical students often experience chronic stress. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors in the process of psychosocial growth and has remarkable effect on thoughts, feelings, values, and goals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low self-esteem (LSE) and mental distress among Medical Students of Jimma University.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University from June to July, 2018. Self-esteem was measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Self-administered Short form with General Health Questionnaire was used to assess presence of mental distress.ResultOut of 422 students enrolled to the study, 279 (66.1%) were male, and 413 (97.9 %) were 18 to 25 years of age. The prevalence of LSE and mental distress were 19.0%, and 19.7 %, respectively. Students who had LSE had 5 times higher risk of having mental distress, AOR= 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9–8.9). Moreover, female students had higher risk of developing mental distress (AOR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.1–3.3). Students who had poor social support were 4.3 times at higher risk of developing LSE, AOR=4.3 (95% CI, 1.9–9.8). Those who reported to have poor academic performance were also more likely to have LSE AOR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3–10.0).ConclusionOne in five medical students had LSE and it is strongly associated with metal distress. Female students were at higher risk of mental distress. Preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health services should be available for medical students with particular attention to those with poor social support.     

大学生职务与健康人际关系相关性分析

目的研究某大学生群体中四种类型人际关系与学生职务的相关性,为培养学生健康的人际行为、改善学生教学管理工作提供科学依据。方法抽取某医科大学生90名,采用社会网络分析的方法进行调查。结果在求助、情感和情报网络中,有职务和无职务同学的内向程度中心性差异均具有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）,而在咨询网络中,差异无统计学意义;求助网络、咨询网络、情感网络和情报网络的内向程度中心性均显著正相关（P值均〈0.01）。结论职务与大学生群体健康人际关系有显著相关,但与不同类型人际关系的相关性是不同的,正式人际关系与非正式人际关系正向相关,依据以上结论对学生教育管理工作提出建议。     

The Status of Attachment and Its Relationship with Self-esteem and Interpersonal Relationship of College Students

目的 研究大学生的依恋现状及其与自尊、人际关系的关系.方法 使用亲密关系经历量表、自尊量表、人际关系综合诊断量表对236名大学生进行调查.结果 ①大学生依恋类型由多到少依次为恐惧型、迷恋型、安全型、冷漠型.不同性别、年级、是否独生子女的大学生的依恋没有显著差异,不同生源地的大学生在依恋回避维度上有显著差异(t=-2.151,P＜0.05);②不同依恋类型的大学生在自尊水平(F=5.841,P＜0.01)和人际关系(F=11.337,P＜0.01)上存在显著差异;③回归分析表明,依恋焦虑、自尊能够联合解释人际关系的34.1％;④自尊在依恋对人际关系的影响中充当中介变量.结论 大学生总体依恋质量不高,依恋焦虑、自尊对人际关系有预测作用,在依恋焦虑对人际关系的影响中,70.4％是由自尊造成的.     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征早期应用无创正压通气的效果观察

目的：探讨无创正压通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中应用的临床效果。方法：选择本院2009年2月-2012年1月收治的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者84例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组40例采用气管插管有创机械通气治疗,观察组44例采用无创正压通气治疗,对两组的治疗效果进行比较分析。结果：观察组总有效率为95．5％,对照组总有效率为92．5％,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗后观察组PaO2、SpO2显著高于对照组,PaCO2显著低于对照组,两组比较,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组不良反应发生率为2．3％,明显低于对照组的17．5％,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：无创正压通气在急性呼吸窘迫症中应用的临床效果满意,能明显改善患者的呼吸状况,且安全性好,是临床首选的治疗方法。     

Relationship between Loneliness and Cognitive Emotion Regulation of College Students with Online Game Addiction

目的 探讨网络游戏成瘾大学生孤独感和认知情绪调节策略的特点及关系.方法 用UCLA孤独感量表与认知情绪调节策略问卷对网游成瘾与一般大学生进行调查.结果 t检验发现网游成瘾大学生孤独感高于一般大学生(t=2.13,P＜0.05);关注计划(t=-3.54)、积极重评(t=-1.99)和视角转换(t=-2.95)等适应性认知情绪调节策略得分较低(P均＜0.05),而灾难化(t=3.02)和责备他人(t=4.98)等非适应性策略得分较高(P均＜0.01);相关分析发现,网游成瘾大学生孤独感与灾难化策略呈正相关(r=0.326,P＜0.05).结论 网游成瘾大学生孤独感水平较高;多采用非适应性策略;孤独感与灾难化策略的使用有密切关系.     

The Relationship between Resilience and Moral Distress among Iranian Critical Care Nurses: A Cross-sectional Correlational Study

BackgroundCritical care nurses usually experience high levels of moral distress due to the nature of their work. Resilience in critical care nurses can potentially facilitate effective adaptation to physical and emotional burden of caring for critically ill patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between resilience and moral distress among Iranian critical care nurses.MethodsIn this cross-sectional correlational study, 144 critical care nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) of five teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, were selected randomly, from July to October 2020. Data were collected using a 36-item moral distress questionnaire and a 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS 21 software.ResultsThe mean score of moral distress in nurses was 66.93±2.47 and 95.8% of nurses had low-level moral distress. The mean score of resilience in nurses was 90.66±10.92 and 73.6% of nurses had high levels of resilience. There was a statistically significant relationship between the scores of moral distress and resilience. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between work experience and two subscales of resilience as “trust in individual instincts, tolerance of negative emotions” and “impact of spirituality” (p<0.001).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated a positive correlation between resilience and moral distress in nurses working in ICUs. It seems that when moral distress increases, critical care nurses increasingly use the mechanism of resilience for better permanence and active presence in the organization.     

The Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales: Assessing Psychological and Relationship Outcomes Associated with Erectile Dysfunction and Its Treatment

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with complex psychological and interpersonal issues. A new measure of treatment outcome, the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales (PAIRS), was developed to evaluate the broader psychological and interpersonal outcomes associated with erectile dysfunction and its treatment. Initial items were generated based on literature review, focus groups and market research, interviews with patients and partners, and consultation with expert clinicians. Domains of Sexual Self-Confidence, Spontaneity, and Time Concerns were identified and subsequently confirmed by factor analysis. A series of validation studies was performed with four separate samples, including assessment of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and treatment responsiveness. Samples for these studies included men recruited from clinical trials for ED in several countries ( N =413) and a community sample ( N =801). Findings from these studies indicate that PAIRS demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and appears well suited for use in further clinical studies of treatments for ED. It provides a broader assessment of treatment outcome than current measures of erectile function.     

经鼻同步间歇正压通气与经鼻持续正压通气治疗早产儿合并新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨早产儿合并新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）在“气管插管-应用肺表面活性物质-拔管”（INSURE）后使用经鼻同步间歇正压通气（NSIPPV）与经鼻持续正压通气（NCPAP）治疗的疗效及安全性。方法选择2012年1月至2013年7月于湖南省株洲市妇幼保健院新生儿科住院治疗的51例早产合并 NRDS,并需进行呼吸支持患儿为研究对象。将其按照呼吸支持治疗方式,分为 NSIPPV组（n=25）与NCPAP 组（n=26）。分析比较两组患儿于呼吸支持治疗前及呼吸支持治疗后6 h、24 h、48 h等时间点的动脉氧分压（PaO2）、动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、呼吸指数（RI）、并发症及转归情况等（本研究遵循的程序符合湖南省株洲市妇幼保健院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书）。两组患儿性别、胎龄、出生体质量等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结果本研究结果为：①两组患儿在治疗前,PaO2、PaCO2及 RI 比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;②PaO2水平比较：两组在治疗后6 h及24 h比较时,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但治疗后48 h时,NSIPPV组显著高于 NCPAP组,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;两组均在治疗后6h、24h及48h时较同组治疗前显著增高,治疗后24h及48h时较同组治疗后6h时显著增高,且差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,但治疗后24 h 时与同组治疗后48 h 时比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③PaCO2水平比较：两组在治疗后各时间点比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组均在治疗后6 h时与同组治疗前比较及治疗后24 h 时与同组治疗后48 h 时比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但两组均在治疗后24 h、48 h时较同组治疗前及治疗后24 h、48 h时较同组治疗后6 h时显著降低,且?     

Moderation and Mediation in the Relationship Between Mothers'' or Fathers'' Serious Psychological Distress and Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from a National Sample

PURPOSE: This study estimated percentages of adolescents living with a mother or father with serious psychological distress (SPD), and examined moderation and mediation of the relationships between mother or father SPD and adolescent substance use. METHODS: We analyzed data from nationally representative samples of adolescents interviewed with their mothers (n = 4734) and fathers (n = 3176) in the combined 2002 and 2003 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs). RESULTS: An estimated 4.1% of adolescents living with their father had a father with SPD during the past year, and 11.5% of adolescents living with their mother had a mother with SPD during this time period. A positive association was found between mothers' SPD and adolescent binge drinking (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.01-2.21), but no association was found between fathers' SPD and adolescent binge drinking. Mothers' SPD was associated with increased risk of binge drinking among adolescents aged 14-15 years (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.38-4.60), and fathers' SPD was associated with lowered risk of binge drinking among black adolescents (OR = .08, 95% CI = .01-.79). A positive association was found between mothers' SPD and adolescent illicit drug use (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.08-2.23), but no association was found between fathers' SPD and adolescent illicit drug use. Mothers' SPD was associated with increased risk of illicit drug use among female adolescents (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.24-3.70) and among adolescents of white ethnicity (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.19, 2.68). Parental involvement partially mediated the relationship between mothers' SPD and daughters' illicit drug use; mothers' SPD was associated with lower levels of parental involvement, which in turn were associated with an increased probability of daughters' illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, parents' SPD is associated differentially with adolescent substance use depending on the gender of parent and adolescent, adolescent age, race/ethnicity, and substance used. Parental involvement appears to be one mechanism through which mothers' SPD influences daughters' illicit drug use. Future research should further consider the interindividual effects of parents' SPD and associated parenting behaviors on adolescent risk behaviors.