Ⅱ型糖尿病的早期危险因素研究

对湖南长沙市４所医院中的２００对Ⅱ型糖尿病（Ｎｏｎ－Ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ－ＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＤｉａｂｅｔｅｓＭｅｌｉｔｕｓ，ＮＩＤ－ＤＭ）和非Ⅱ型糖尿病进行１∶１病例对照研究，调查其少儿阶段的暴露情况，采用条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果显示：ＮＩＤＤＭ的早期危险因素有：油炸食物（Ｂｉ＝２．４９５，ＯＲ＝１２．１２２）、甜食（Ｂｉ＝２．３６９，ＯＲ＝１０．６８７）、腮腺炎史（Ｂｉ＝２．２３９，ＯＲ＝９．３００）、饥饿（Ｂｉ＝１．０６５，ＯＲ＝２．９０１）以及暴饮暴食（Ｂｉ＝０．８４９，ＯＲ＝２．３７７）；而蔬菜（Ｂｉ＝－２．３１３，ＯＲ＝０．１００）对ＮＩＤＤＭ有保护作用。提示少儿阶段的生活饮食因素和病毒感染很可能与Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生有密切关系，因此，ＮＩＤＤＭ的预防要从小抓起，提倡少儿阶段合理平衡饮食，积极预防病毒感染，是早期预防Ⅱ型糖尿病的重要对策。     

余弦模型在痢疾发病季节性研究中的应用

应用余弦模型对北京市１９５９～１９９８年痢疾月平均发病率的对数拟合及发病季节特征进行分析,得到简单余弦函数方程＾ｙｌｉ＝１．５２８＋０．５８８Ｃｏｓ（ｔ１－１８８．４８）,含第二谐量三角多项式ｙ２ｉ＝１．５２８＋０．５８８Ｃｏｓ（ｔ１－１８８．４８）＋０．１１９Ｃｏｓ（２ｔｉ－１５．１９）,并对实际资料进行拟合,效果良好。求得决定系数Ｒ１＾２＝０．９１,Ｒ２＾２＝０．９９,求得顶相角ψ１＝１８８．     

吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒感染危险因素的研究

采用病例对照的研究方法,对广州市５３１名吸毒人员进行丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染危险因素的调查,资料采用Ｌｏ－ｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归方法分析。结果表明：静脉吸毒（ＯＲ＝６．６８,Ｐ＜０．００１）,非固定婚外性伴侣（ＯＲ＝３．７１,Ｐ＜０．００１）,输液史（ＯＲ＝２．６４,Ｐ＜０．０１）和抗－ＨＢｃ阳性（ＯＲ＝１．７４,Ｐ＜０．０５）是ＨＣＶ感染独立的危险因素,而在性生活中使用避孕套（ＯＲ＝０．３７,Ｐ＜０．００５）是保护因素。提示广州市吸毒人群ＨＣＶ感染的主要途径是血液传播,同时性传播途径也起着重要的作用。     

嗜银蛋白在矽肺纤维化过程中的意义

目的探索ＳｉＯ２刺激ＴＨＰ１细胞（具有肺泡巨噬细胞特性的人血单核细胞株）上清液对中国仓鼠肺成纤维（ＣＨＬ）细胞核仁组成区相关的嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）形成及其增殖的关系。方法通过５个系列浓度（０、５０、１００、２００和５００μｇ／ｍｌ）的ＳｉＯ２刺激ＴＨＰ１细胞培养上清液作用于ＣＨＬ细胞,采用综合改良ＡｇＮＯＲｓ染色技术,观察其ＡｇＮＯＲｓ形成并计数;四唑盐（ＭＴＴ）比色法检测ＣＨＬ细胞的增殖。结果随ＳｉＯ２浓度增大,ＣＨＬ细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ颗粒均数、颗粒分散度以及ＭＴＴ分析Ａ５７０ｎｍ值均相应增大,呈良好的剂量反应关系,并和ＳｉＯ２尘的肺泡巨噬细胞（ＰＡＭ）的细胞毒性指数呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０．９６８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＳｉＯ２刺激的ＴＨＰ１细胞上清液可以引起肺成纤维细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ含量的改变,并与成纤维细胞的增殖和ＳｉＯ２尘ＰＡＭ细胞毒性相一致。     

鼻咽癌危险因素的病例对照研究

选择１９９２年１０月１日至１９９３年１０月１日间１０４例新诊鼻咽癌病例，并随机选择对照，１∶１配对。调查居住史、职业史、烹调史等。多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｔ回归分析的结果表明：梅菜（ＯＲ＝１．８１，Ｐ＝０．０４５），陈皮梅（ＯＲ＝２．９５１，Ｐ＝０．０４３），室内做饭（Ｐ＝０．００４，且＞３５年，ＯＲ＝１．９５６），无烟囱的炉子（Ｐ＝０．００４，且＞１０年，ＯＲ＝２．６８８）为鼻咽癌发病的危险因素。而葡萄（ＯＲ＝０．３１２３，Ｐ＜０．００１）则有保护作用。遗传因素的ＯＲ值最大，提示可能是鼻咽癌发病的主要因素。     

20个妇幼项目县孕产妇死亡危险因素分析

７省２０个妇幼项目县对孕产妇死亡危险因素的１：１病例对照研究结果表明：单因素配对分析发现其中与孕产妇死亡有显著性意义的因素为计划外妊娠（ＯＲ＝２．３）、生活在大家庭（ＯＲ＝１．４）、想生男孩（ＯＲ＝２．８）、无产前检查史（ＯＲ＝２．９）、非住院分娩（ＯＲ＝１．７）、产后大出血（ＯＲ＝２．５）、孕产妇有一定文化程度（ＯＲ＝０．７）和孕产妇本人有经济收入（ＯＲ＝０．４）等。多因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析发现与孕产妇死亡有关的危险因素有计划外妊娠、想生男孩、非住院分娩、产后大出血、未消毒接生、孕期合并症等。并且发现孕产妇有一定文化程度、孕产妇有独立经济收入、孕产妇有一定保健知识对减少孕产妇死亡有一定保护作用。     

余弦模型在流脑月平均发病率及发病季节特征研究中的应用

本文应用余弦模型对某地１９５０～１９９１年流脑月平均发病率的对数拟合及发病季节特征进行分析，求得简单余弦函数方程为：Ｙ＿（１ｉ）＝０．６７４５＋０．７２２４ｃｏｓ（ｔ＿ｉ－６７．９１°）；含第二谐量三角多项式为：Ｙ＿（２ｉ）＝０．６７４５＋０．７２２４ｃｏｓ（ｔ＿ｉ－６７．９１°）＋０．１２４４ｃｏｓ（２ｔ＿ｉ－１２５．２５°）对实际资料进行了拟合，效果良好。求得决定系数０．９４４，０．９９４，并求得顶相角φ＝６７．９１°，表明某地流脑发病的高峰在３月２２日。     

曲阜市农村居民临界高压危险因素研究

目的 探索临界高血压发生的危险因素,为开展高血压的一级预防提供依据。方法 对２４０例临界高血压１：１病例对照调查资料进行多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果 定α＝０．０５水平,运算结果最终进入回归方程的因素有５个,高血压家族史（ＯＲ＝４．２１）、体重指数（ＯＲ＝５．１６）、饮食嗜碱（ＯＲ＝３．０８）、经常饮酒（ＯＲ＝２．５７）、经常进行体育锻炼（ＯＲ＝０．４２）。结论 高血压家族史、超重、饮     

天津市女性糖尿病危险因素初步研究

对天津市区居民１２１例女性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病例进行了１：１配对病例对照研究。经条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型分析，发现与ＮＩＤＤＭ有关的危险因素是：经济收入高（ＯＲ一３．４８，９５％ＣＩ＝２．０２～５．９８）、糖尿病家族史（ＯＲ＝６．３７，９５％ＣＩ＝２．９２～１３．８９）、既往相关病史（ＯＲ＝６．９２，９５％ＣＩ＝３．２５～１４．７３）、绝经年龄晚（ＯＲ＝３，３９，９５％ＣＩ＝２．１５～５．３５）、嗜甜食（ＯＲ＝３．５６，９５％ＣＩ＝２．２９～５．５４）、肥胖（ＯＲ＝１６．３２，９５％ＣＩ＝６．０２～４４．２３）及ＢＭＩ大（ＯＲ＝２．０８，９５％ＣＩ＝１．５２～２．８５）。同时还发现，体育锻炼（ＯＲ＝０．３６，＝３１．４７，Ｐ＜０．０１）和蔬菜、水果等是保护性因素。     

拟除虫菊酯中间体对游离大鼠肝细胞毒性及其定量结构活性关系的研究

应用大鼠游离肝细胞培养技术研究１１种拟除虫菊酯类农药中间体的肝细胞毒性，并建立了同系物活性预测模型。结果表明：１１种受试物对大鼠肝细胞毒性有很大差异。（ＣＨ３）２ＣＨＯ－取代物毒性最大（１０８．９１μｇ／ｍｌ），苯乙睛（２０９９．０４μｇ／ｍｌ）和２－苯基－３－甲基丁睛（２２００．９０μｇ／ｍｌ）毒性最小。取代基对母体化合物电效应的影响是决定化合物毒性的主要因素。逸漏酶水平还与取代基亲脂性有关．４个ＱＳＡＲｓ方程Ｙ１＝－３．２８９＋１．１０７Ｆ－１．３０７Ｒ，Ｙ２＝０．７９６＋０．０３７１，Ｙ３＝２．５５３－０．０６１（π）２－０．２６５Ｆ－１．５７１Ｘｖ＋０．１５７（１Ｘｖ）２＋０．７４９２Ｘｖ，Ｙ４＝０．２２８＋０．６０１Ｆ＋０．３３８３Ｘｐｖ经检验表明具有一定的预测价值，可为该类有机污染物毒性研究提供辅助手段。     

环境、遗传因素对Ⅱ型糖尿病的作用--200对Ⅱ型糖尿病病例对照研究

目的 探讨遗传因素与环境因素在Ⅱ型糖尿病病因组全中的相互关系,比较两者对Ⅱ型糖尿病作用的大小。方法 在湖南长沙市４所医院中,按１：１配对（同性别,对照与病例年龄相差不超过５岁）收集同期诊治的Ⅱ型糖尿病和非Ⅱ型糖尿病２００对,资料采用条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。     

2型糖尿病并发症的病例对照研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病并发症的流行病学病因。方法根据1997年“美国糖尿病协会糖尿病诊断标准”,于2003年1月至2005年1月,在攀枝花19冶职工医院,按性别和年龄1:1配对收集有并发症的2型糖尿病患者(病例组)和无并发症的2型糖尿病患者(对照组)121对,调查确诊前后和确诊时的暴露情况,资料采用Logistic回归分析。结果进入多因素Logistic回归方程的变量为:2型糖尿病发病后的食用油(Bi=2.109,OR=8.240),确诊血糖值(Bi=1.325,OR=3.762),发病前饮酒(Bi=1.124,OR=3.077),2型糖尿病的发病年龄(Bi=-1.953,OR=0.050),发病后使用胰岛素(Bi=-1.611,OR=0.200),以及发病后经常得到亲戚朋友的关心照顾(Bi=-0.918,OR=0.399)。结论发病后食用动物油、确诊时的血糖水平、发病前饮酒是2型糖尿病并发症的危险因素,而发病年龄、发病后使用胰岛素、经常得到亲朋好友的关心照顾是2型糖尿病的保护因素。     

妊娠期糖尿病影响因素的病例对照研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响因素,为预防和治疗GDM的发生和发展提供理论依据。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法,将2007年9月～2008年9月在沈阳市盛京医院住院的129例GDM孕产妇与129例正常孕产妇(均为初产妇、单胎妊娠、汉族)按1∶1的比例进行病例对照研究。结果:单因素分析结果显示,孕产妇怀孕年龄、孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕后期体重、文化程度、早起时间、晚睡时间、孕前口味、孕前常饮饮料、怀孕胎次、糖尿病(DM)家族史、高血压家族史、孕前高脂血症、孕前运动、流产史在两组间的差异均有统计学意义。经过Logistic回归分析,有5项因素进入回归模型即怀孕年龄、孕前BMI、DM家族史和孕前口味为危险因素(P=0.000,OR=1.861,95%C.I为1.795～1.932,P=0.000,OR=2.750,95%C.I为1.660～2.852,P=0.000,OR=8.690,95%C.I为3.588～21.046,P=0.000,OR=1.615,95%C.I为1.503～3.750);文化程度为保护因素(P=0.002,OR=0.910,95%C.I为0.259～0.898)。结论:孕产妇怀孕年龄、孕前BMI、DM家族史、孕前高盐和高热量的饮食习惯可能是GDM的危险因素,文化程度是GDM的保护因素。     

2型糖尿病发病危险因素探讨

[目的]探讨糖尿病的危险因素以及心理因素与糖尿病发生的关系。[方法]于2004年3～11月选择164例社区的糖尿病病例和62例社区的正常人群的病例对照研究,并采用Zung抑郁自评量表、Zung焦虑自评量表测量研究对象的心理状况。[结果]多元Logistic回归分析结果表明,糖尿病家族史OR为1.180(1.042～1.335),饮酒OR为2.748(1.132～6.668),食用油OR为3.398(1.467～7.873),甜食OR为3.045(1.446～6.414),饮用茶OR为2.551(1.213～5.361),抑郁OR为3.848(1.675～8.840)和焦虑OR为15.759(1.706～145.566)。[结论]糖尿病家族史、饮酒、食油、甜食、饮用茶是2型糖尿病的危险因素,心理状况与2型糖尿病有一定相关性,但尚不明确其因果关系。     

Association between Emotional Eating and Frequency of Unhealthy Food Consumption among Taiwanese Adolescents

Emotional eating is one factor that increases the consumption of unhealthy food. This study aimed to investigate the association between emotional eating and frequencies of consuming fast food, high-fat snacks, processed meat products, dessert foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents. The baseline survey data (2015) from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS) were fitted into multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, school type, Body Mass Index (BMI), eating while doing something, nutrition label reading, skipping breakfast, smoking, binge drinking, sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, peer and school support, and parental education level. Among the 18,461 participants (48.5% male and 51.5% female), those exhibiting emotional eating were more likely to consume fast food (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.18–2.64), high-fat snacks (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 2.12–2.49), processed meat products (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.78–2.08), dessert foods (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.31–2.69), and sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.70–1.98). Factors that were positively associated with unhealthy food consumption included eating while doing other activities, binge drinking, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. Among all the covariates, nutrition label reading was the only factor that was inversely associated with frequent unhealthy food consumption. Sex and school type may moderate the effect of emotional eating on the frequent consumption of specific unhealthy food groups. In conclusion, adolescents with high emotional eating were more likely to report frequent consumption of unhealthy foods in Taiwan. Our findings showed that male participants appeared to consume fast foods, high-fat snacks, processed meat, and SSBs more often and dessert foods less often than females. Future longitudinal studies are recommended for understanding the causal relationship between emotional eating and unhealthy food consumption.     

济宁市农民食管癌影响因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨济宁地区农村居民日常生活饮食习惯、饮水、吸烟、饮酒等因素与原发性食管癌发病的关系,为综合防制食管癌提供科学依据。方法采用1：2匹配的病例对照研究,选择2012年3月～2013年5月于济宁市第一人民医院就诊的济宁地区新发食管癌病例,所有病例均为在当地居住10年以上的农村居民,共152例。按与病例性别相同、年龄相差±5岁作为匹配条件,每个病例选择1例济宁市第一人民医院心内科患者和1例山东省汶上县非食管癌农村居民作配对,共选择对照304例。分别对病例和对照研究对象进行面对面问卷调查,采用条件logistic回归分析方法对所收集资料进行分析。结果152组病例对照中,男性105组（占69．08％）,女性47组（占30．92％）,病例组平均年龄（61．76±8．71）岁,对照组（60．09±8．93）岁。多因素条件logistic回归分析表明,经常吃烫热食品（0lR=4．035）、食用棉籽油（OR=3．653）、自打水井（OR=3．052）、腌制食品（OR=2．476）是食管癌发病的危险因素。食用豆油（OR=0．217）、饮用自来水（OR=0．095）、不储存饮用水（OR=0．506）是食管癌的保护因素。结论食管癌是多种生活饮食习惯及环境因素对具有不同遗传素质的个体长期反复作用的结果,应该采用综合性防制措施。     

2型糖尿病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病的危险因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法将203例确诊的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,1∶1配对进行病例对照研究。通过条件Logistic回归分析筛选主要危险因素。结果糖尿病家族史（OR=3.540）、高血脂（OR=3.420）、工作紧张度（OR=3.174）、腰臀比（OR=2.173）、高血压史（OR=2.033）、嗜甜食（OR=1.751）是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。结论 2型糖尿病与遗传等因素有关,针对高危人群应采取合理膳食、保持良好心理状态、控制体重和血压等综合干预措施。     

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among Florida children and adolescents, 1994 through 1998

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to examine the trends in the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes seen from 1994 through 1998 at the three university-based diabetes centers in Florida. METHODS: Data were abstracted from medical records and patients were categorized as having Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: There were 569 patients classified with Type 1 diabetes and 92 with Type 2 diabetes. The proportion of patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes increased over the five years from 9.4% in 1994 to 20.0% in 1998 (chi-square test for trend = 8.2; p=0.004). There was not an associated net increase in the total number of new diabetes patients referred over time (chi-square test for trend = 0.6, p=0.4). Those with Type 2 diabetes were more likely to have a body mass index in the 85th-94th percentile [odds ratio (OR) = 8.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5, 28.8], have a body mass index >or=95th percentile (OR = 6.8; 95% CI 2.6, 17.7), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 6.2; 95% CI 2.2, 17.9), black race (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.3, 6.2), female gender (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.2, 4.3), and older age (OR = 1.4 for each one-year increment in age; 95% CI 1.3, 1.6), compared with those having Type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: From 1994 through 1998, there was a significant overall increase in the percentage of children referred with new-onset diabetes who were considered to have Type 2 diabetes. Factors associated with the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes relative to Type 1 diabetes include body mass index >/=85th percentile, Hispanic ethnicity, black race, female gender, and older age.     

School Vending Machine Purchasing Behavior: Results From the 2005 YouthStyles Survey

BACKGROUND: Competitive foods are often available in school vending machines. Providing youth with access to school vending machines, and thus competitive foods, is of concern, considering the continued high prevalence of childhood obesity: competitive foods tend to be energy dense and nutrient poor and can contribute to increased energy intake in children and adolescents. METHODS: To evaluate the relationship between school vending machine purchasing behavior and school vending machine access and individual-level dietary characteristics, we used population-level YouthStyles 2005 survey data to compare nutrition-related policy and behavioral characteristics by the number of weekly vending machine purchases made by public school children and adolescents (N = 869). Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted logistic regression models that were weighted on age and sex of child, annual household income, head of household age, and race/ethnicity of the adult in study. Data were collected in 2005 and analyzed in 2008. RESULTS: Compared to participants who did not purchase from a vending machine, participants who purchased ≥3 days/week were more likely to (1) have unrestricted access to a school vending machine (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.13–2.59); (2) consume regular soda and chocolate candy ≥1 time/day (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.87–5.51 and OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.34–5.46, respectively); and (3) purchase pizza or fried foods from a school cafeteria ≥1 day/week (OR = 5.05; 95% CI = 3.10–8.22). CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are needed to establish the contribution that the school-nutrition environment makes on overall youth dietary intake behavior, paying special attention to health disparities between whites and nonwhites.     

2型糖尿病危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

采用频数匹配病例对照研究方法,随机选择徐州市２型糖尿病新诊断病例１８５例和人群对照１９７例,对研究因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果表明,腰臂比大（ＯＲ＝３．０７）、糖尿病阳性家族史（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、主食摄入量大（ＯＲ＝３．４５）、经常性甜食摄入（ＯＲ＝２．７３）、肉类摄入量大（ＯＲ＝２．３０）、经常性牛奶摄入（ＯＲ＝２．１９）、Ａ型性格（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、高血压（ＯＲ＝