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1.
湖南省2008年3县市钩端螺旋体病血清学监测分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的 了解湖南省钩端螺旋体病流行的主要血清群(型)及其分布,为防治提供科学依据. 方法 在3个监测点采集健康人群血清,MAT法检测抗体,采用SPSS 13.0分析. 结果 315名监测人群钩体血清抗体滴度效价不高,总阳性率为50.16%,男、女性阳性率分别为57.25%、44.63%(P<0.05).10~19、20~29、30~39、40~49和50~岁年龄组抗体阳性率分别为18.33%、43.24%、54.24%、66.10%和69.84%(P<0.05).湘潭县、双峰县、沅江市抗体阳性率分别为46.30%、35.00%、68.22%(P<0.05).赖、临海、秋季、澳洲、拜伦、犬型、波摩那、清水、七日热和乌尔夫型抗体阳性率分别为21.59%、6.07%、12.06%、22.86%、11.43%、2.86%、7.94%、2.86%、7.94%和2.54%(P<0.05). 结论湖南省以黄疸出血群赖型、秋季群秋季型、澳洲群澳洲型、拜伦群拜伦型为主要血清型,各血清型抗体阳性率在地区、性别、年龄差异均有统计学意义.  相似文献   

2.
常山县1983~1998年钩端螺旋体病监测   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
常山县位于浙西山区,是我省钩端螺旋体病(以下简称钩体病)的高发县。该县1965年首次报告病例,1983年始病例增多,1986年、1989年出现较大流行,1998年病例又有增加。为了探索其流行规律,现将1983年以来对该病的监测结果报告如下。 材料与方法 1资料来源:资料来源于衢州市和常山县卫生防疫站疫情和钩体病监测档案。 2.血清学监测:采集临床诊断为钩体病的病人急性期和恢复期双份血清或恢复期单份血清,用显微凝集试验(MAT)测定钩体抗体滴度,双份血清抗体滴度≥4倍或单份血清抗体滴度≥1:400以…  相似文献   

3.
长沙地区1986~2000年钩端螺旋体病监测结果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 探讨钩端螺旋体病的流行因素与防治策略。方法 用公认的方法进行鼠情调查和对病人、动物进行病原学、血清学研究。结果 15年中湖南全省年均发病率为9.86/10万;长沙地区则年均发病率为19.06/10万,近全省发病率的2倍;鼠密度为6.33%,汉行前期、后期鼠密度无显著性差异;病人钩体培养阳性率17.29%,至少分属8个血清群,以流感伤寒和秋季热群为主;鼠肾中分离钩体阳性率为11.78%,于少分属5个血清群,黑线姬鼠主要携带黄疸出血群,其次,黄毛鼠携带爪哇群,家犬带菌率为22.50%,鼠与犬带菌率差异无显著性;钩体病人双份血清抗体,黄疸出血群、犬群等6个群抗体均数差异有非常显著性;爪哇群其抗体差异有显著意义;在对动物血清抗体调查中,检测了犬、猪、牛具有某一抗体阳性的分别为60%、53.33%和84%,其差异有显著性。犬抗体分属6个血清型,以澳洲为主;猪则分属5个血清型,以巴达维亚为主;牛分属11个血清型,以巴达维亚为主。结论在15年监测中长沙地区平均发病率为全省的2倍左右,几乎每年发病率都较高,是湖南省的典型代表。鼠类尤其是优势鼠种黑线姬鼠、犬、猪和牛是主要传染源。病人感染菌群非常复杂,至少有8个钩体菌群。用现行的四价菌苗接种易感人群其作用有限。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]了解开江县健康人群钩端螺旋体隐性感染情况,为防制工作提供科学依据。[方法]2006~2011年4~5月,在开江县钩体病老疫区永兴镇每年选择100名以上无钩体菌苗接种和患钩体病史的10~69岁健康人群血清,检测钩体抗体。[结果]2006~2011年累计检测血清660份,检出钩体抗体阳性的170份,阳性率为25.76%。其中,黄疸出血群阳性率为15.00%,澳洲群阳性率为15.45%,秋季热群阳性率为0.91%,七日热群阳性率为1.82%,犬群阳性率为0.76%,拜伦群阳性率为0.30%,波摩拉群阳性率为0.15%,致热群阳性率为0.45%(P<0.01)。2006~2011年钩体抗体平均阳性率,男性为27.51%,女性为24.55%(P>0.05);10~19岁为8.25%,20~29岁为18.91%,30~39岁为18.39%,40~49岁为26.85%,50~59岁为28.40%,60~69岁为38.27%(P<0.01)。钩体抗体阳性率,2006~2011年分别为55.05%、13.85%、58.04%、5.71%、5.00%、15.38%(P<0.01)。[结论]开江县健康人群钩体隐性感染率较高,钩体流行菌群以黄疸出血群和澳洲群为主。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)流行规律。分析存在问题。方法 用MAT法检测病人、水鸭和蛙血清抗体;同时分离培养病原体。用夹夜法捕鼠,采集鼠肾,猪肾,牛中段尿,蛙肾、水鸭肾和蚂蝗血分离培养病原体。结果 1997-2000年全省共发生钩体病789例,平均发病率为0.44/10万,死亡12人,平均病死率为1.52%。衢州、丽水和台州市的发病数占全省发病总数的93.28%。病例主要分布在7-10月,占95.06%,病人血清抗体阳性率为65.43%,菌群主要为黄疸出血群和七日热群。病人血培养阳性率为1.20%。鼠密度为5.08%,以黑线姬鼠为优势种,占47.34%,鼠带菌率为6.90%,黑线姬鼠带菌率为13.19%,蛙肾阳性率为0.17%。水鸭血清抗体阳性率为50%,菌株主要为秋季群;蛙血抗体阳性率为13.64%,菌株为秋季群。结论 钩体病防制工作不能放松。要加强对该病的监测和防治工作。  相似文献   

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目的了解山东省1964~2006年钩端螺旋体病流行趋势,探讨钩体病流行规律。方法采取回顾性研究方法对山东省1964~2006年钩体病流行病学调查和监测点资料进行分析。结果1964~2006年钩体病共报告133 594例,死亡81例。除鲁北地区滨洲,其余16市均发生过钩体病,分布在89个县,占全省的66.92%(89/133)。发病时间为7,8,9月份,流行形式主要为雨水型,其次是洪水型,临床类型以流感伤寒型为主,主要流行菌群为波摩那群。带菌猪是山东钩体病的主要传染源,猪带菌率与雨水型、洪水型钩体病流行密切相关。结论20世纪80年代前钩体病在山东省流行较严重,年均发病率在13.50/10万,20世纪90年代后钩体病基本得到了控制,年均发病率在0.071/10万。  相似文献   

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钩端螺旋体病(简称钩体病)是我省常见的自然疫源性疾病,自1952年临海市首例报告以来,疫区不断扩大,病人不断增加,到1996年,发病累计超过13.7万例,死亡近千例,已成为严重危害我省人民身体健康的疾病之一。为了解掌握我省钩体病的流行情况和发病规律,我们分析1952~1996年全省钩体病资料,现报告如下。  相似文献   

10.
目的掌握湖南省钩端螺旋体(钩体)病流行的主要血清群(型)及其分布,为钩体病防治提供科学依据。方法按全国钩体病监测实施方案,对带菌动物及病人进行病原学监测,对临床疑似钩体病人进行血清学监测。结果动物及病人所分离的70株钩体菌株分属8个血清群9个血清型,其中42株为黄疸出血群(60.00%),17株为赛罗群(24.29%);43株分离自黑线姬鼠(61.43%),17株分离自东方田鼠(24.29%)。临床疑似钩体病人血清学监测,阳性率较高的主要有黄疸出血群(12.01%)、秋季群(7.65%)、流感伤寒群(3.62%)、澳洲群(3.02%)。结论黑线姬鼠、东方田鼠是我省钩体病的主要传染源,分别携带黄疸出血群、赛罗群萨克斯可宾型及沅江型;我省钩体病流行的菌群主要是黄疸出血群,秋季群、流感伤寒群、澳洲群也占有一定的比例。  相似文献   

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Leptospirosis is an important occupational disease affecting people coming in contact with animals and their discharges. The occurrence of infection in ones workplaces is linked to the environment to which the worker is exposed and the adaptability of the organism in that working environment. Rodents usually abound in underground sewers and are carriers of leptospira. The urine of rodents and other animals present in that area is likely to contaminate these sewers. Leptospira are excreted in the urine of infected animals. Thus sewer workers are at a potential risk of leptospirosis. The prevalence of leptospirosis in these workers could thus indirectly predict the presence of the disease in animals in a particular geographical niche. Total seventy-eight sewer workers from 5 different municipal wards in Pune were examined to find out the evidence of past infection with leptospira using microagglutination test (MAT). The prevalence rate was found to be 16.6%. The serovars to which antibodies were detected include autumnalis (38.4%), pyrogenes (23.0%), canicola (15.3%) and pomona (15.3%). Evidence of leptospiral infection was found to be maximum in sewer workers in the areas of the city that were infested with rodents and stray animals.  相似文献   

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Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis found worldwide, the main reservoir of which is the rat. Human infection generally results from exposure to contaminated river or lake water or animals. Around 600 cases are diagnosed per year in France. Half of these cases occur in French overseas territories, where the incidence can be more than 100 times higher than in mainland France. Leptospirosis has been under-diagnosed because of non-specific symptoms, inadequate surveillance system, and lack of readily available quick and simple diagnostic tests. Most cases of leptospirosis are currently detected by PCR amplification of bacterial DNA from the blood during the first week after the onset of symptoms, or by detection of antibodies during the second week of the disease. More than 300 serovars have been identified among leptospires, including serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, the most frequent in human infections. Leptospirosis remains a major public health issue in many developing countries, one century after discovering the causative agent. Leptospirosis is expected to become more important due to a rapid urbanization in developing countries (slums), global warming, and extreme climatic events (floods).  相似文献   

14.
目的了解2008-2009年峨眉山市钩体疫源地健康人群钩体抗体水平及菌群分布,为钩端螺旋体病的防治提供科学依据。方法采用显微凝集试验(MAT)对采集的健康人血清进行抗体检测。结果 2008年、2009年采集健康人血清202份,钩端螺旋体抗体阳性率为51.5%(104/202),2年监测的阳性率分别为81.4%(83/102)、21%(21/100)。抗体阳性率与性别、年龄无关,健康人群含12群钩体血清抗体,澳洲群为41.58%,黄疸出血群为23.76%,七日热群为8.91%,流感伤寒群为3.47%,犬群、秋季群、波摩纳群均为0.99%,赛罗群、明尼群、蛮耗群为0.49%。结论峨眉山市健康人群钩端螺旋体抗体阳性率水平较低。  相似文献   

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目的了解钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)流行病学特点与衢州市疫源地情况,为控制钩体病的暴发流行提供依据。方法运用描述流行病学办法,对1960-2005年的历史疫情进行分析。采用现场调查方法,采集鼠、水鸭、猪、青蛙的双肾标本和牛中段尿做钩体培养分离,青蛙和水鸭血清做抗体测定,分析感染情况和感染菌群。结果1960—2005年衢州市共报告钩体病11047例,年均发病率11.58/10万,死亡72例,病死率0.65%。7—9月发病例数占全年总病例数的90.26%;农民发病例数占总病例数的88.20%;男女之比为2.74:1;常山及开化县是衢州市最主要的疫区。2001—2005年监测点野外鼠密度为3.93%,黑线姬鼠占51.40%,动物标本培养阳性率0.49%,动物血清抗体阳性率14.02%。人血清中菌群为七日热群和黄疸出血群,动物中主要菌群为黄疸出血群、秋季热群、赛罗群、流感伤寒群。结论钩体病发病年度与地区波动十分明显,主要是受局部暴发疫情的影响。夏秋季为商发季节,青壮年农民为重点人群。近6年来的洪水低发,与动物间的低带菌率一致,但衢州市动物感染菌群复杂,多种动物均可携带,受气候影响导致暴发的危险始终存在。  相似文献   

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目的 了解2004-2018年四川省钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)流行病学特征,为防控策略提供依据。方法 钩体病数据来源于全国法定传染病疫情监测网络直报系统和11个监测点数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析,采用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行地图绘制,采用SaTScan 9.1.1软件进行时空扫描分析,描述钩体病时空聚集性特征。结果 2004-2018年四川省报告钩体病发病2 834例,死亡41例,发病率0.23/10万,死亡率0.003/10万,发病趋势波动向下。发病有明显季节性,主要集中在8月下旬至9月底,较水稻收割时间晚1~2周。男性为主,男女性别比为2.05:1;发病率较高的为50~65岁组。职业以农民为主,占82.75%(2 345/2 834);其次为学生,占12.74%(361/2 834),但2011年后学生病例报告极少。高发地区在南部长江流域沿岸马边彝族自治县(马边县)、沐川县等和东部嘉陵江流域仪陇县之间不断交替。时空扫描聚集性分析发现2个高发聚集区域(P<0.001)。11个监测点2004-2018年平均鼠密度为5.44%(14 351/263 767);主要野外鼠种有四川短尾鼩(占69.07%)、黑线姬鼠(占12.73%)等;其中黑线姬鼠密度介于4.60%~0.19%之间,呈持续下降趋势,2018年达最低水平。鼠肾标本培养钩体阳性率的各年度间也呈下降态势。2007-2018年健康人群血清钩体抗体阳性率平均为24.52%(3 271/13 339),主要流行菌群为黄疸出血群,近年未出现菌群的更替。结论 2004-2018年四川省钩体病发病水平极低,季节特征符合稻田型流行特征,人群以老年农民为主;高发地区在长江和嘉陵江流域周边互相交替。黑线姬鼠密度和带菌率均较低;主要流行菌群持续以黄疸出血群为主,健康人群钩体抗体阳性率处于较低水平。  相似文献   

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[目的]了解开江县健康人群钩端螺旋体隐性感染情况,为防制工作提供科学依据。[方法]2006~2011年4~5月,在开江县钩体病老疫区永兴镇每年选择100名以上无钩体菌苗接种和患钩体病史的10~69岁健康人群血清,检测钩体抗体。[结果]2006~2011年累计检测血清660份,检出钩体抗体阳性的170份,阳性率为25.76%。其中,黄疸出血群阳性率为15.00%,澳洲群阳性率为15.45%,秋季热群阳性率为0.91%,七日热群阳性率为1.82%,犬群阳性率为0.76%,拜伦群阳性率为0.30%,波摩拉群阳性率为0.15%,致热群阳性率为0.45%(P〈0.01)。2006~2011年钩体抗体平均阳性率,男性为27.51%,女性为24.55%(P〉0.05);10~19岁为8.25%,20~29岁为18.91%,30。39岁为18.39%,40~49岁为26.85%,50~59岁为28.40%,60~69岁为38.27%(P〈0.01)。钩体抗体阳性率,2006~2011年分别为55.05%、13.85%、58.04%、5.71%、5.00%、15.38%(P〈0.01)。[结论]开江县健康人群钩体隐性感染率较高,钩体流行菌群以黄疸出血群和澳洲群为主。I  相似文献   

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湖北省宜昌市38年钩端螺旋体病流行周期性的论证   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
目的 了解钩端螺旋体病( 钩体病) 发病周期性规律。方法 采用周期图法分析了宜昌市1960 ~1997 年钩体病疫情资料。结果 宜昌市38 年来钩体病年发病率为15 .43/10 万,流行周期为10 年,周期振动有统计学上显著性意义(J= 4.179,P< 0 .05) 。结论 这为掌握钩体病流行规律,有效控制疫情提供依据。  相似文献   

19.
Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. It is mostly an occupational disease especially in rural areas. Kolenchery is in the midlands of Kerala. The landscape consists of marshy land and dry land interspersed by rivulets and ponds. Irrigation of dry lands for cultivation during the summer months started in mid 1980s after the irrigation projects were commissioned. Cases of leptospirosis were rarely diagnosed in Kolenchery before 1987. Since then a yearly increase in incidence is observed. No major study on either epidemiology or clinical picture has been done on human leptospirosis in Kerala so far. The aim of this study was to define the major clinical presentations, epidemiology of the infection and demonstrate the predominant serogroups and serovars causing the illness in this limited geographical area. The study involves 976 cases of leptospirosis confirmed by culture and/or serological tests. Serogroups Autumnalis, Australis and Icterohaemorrhagiae were the commonest. Mortality rate was 5.32%. The increase in incidence is probably due to the geographical characteristics, continuous moisture of the soil due to irrigation in summer and year-round cultivation making food and cover available to host rodents. Close interaction of humans, animals, soil and water in this region make the spread of leptospirosis to humans easy. Confirmation of cases has been done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and/or by culture. Serovar identification has been done in 21 cultures isolated from patients. One new serovar belonging to serogroup Australis has been identified from a patient and named serovar Australis bharathy.  相似文献   

20.
Prevalence of leptospirosis in man. Pilot survey   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A survey on the prevalence of leptospirosis was performed on the population living in an area of central Italy. The size of the sample was calculated in order to provide significant results in the case of a prevalence of infection in not less than 1 % of the population.Results demonstrated an unexpectedly wide circulation of leptospirosis in the surveyed area, showing a prevalence rate of infection of 11.34% for people living in rural areas and 3:08% for people living in the main town. The highest prevalence of infection (17.44%) was found in people between 30 and 44 years of age, living in rural areas.Such a wide circulation of undiagnosed past leptospiral infections was attributed both to the prevalence of mild clinical cases of leptospirosis in humans and the lack of microbiological tests performed to differentiate current leptospirosis from other infectious illnesses. An unexpected persistence in sera of co-agglutinins towards non-pathogenic serovars of L. biflexa was also noticed in healthy people.Criteria were established for the extension of the survey on the prevalence of leptospirosis to cover larger areas by limiting sampling to the more exposed age groups and to areas representative of a larger land belt.Corresponding author.  相似文献   

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