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1.
Objective To investigate the incidences of nutrition risks, malnutrition ( undernutrition),overweight, and obesity, and nutrition support in tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region. Methods Using fixed-point consecutive sampling, we collected the clinical data of inpatients in 6 departments of five tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang. According to the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002 ) published by European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, patients were graded as at nutritional risk when their NRS 2002 scores ≥3 and as malnutrition when the body mass index (BMI) was < 18.5 kg/m2 (or albumin < 30 g/L). NRS 2002 screening was performed on the next morning after a patient was admitted. The nutrition supports within 2 weeks after admission were also investigated. The relationship between nutrition risks and nutrition support was analyzed.Results A total of 4036 inpatients were investigated, among them 3913 patients received NRS 2002 screening.The malnutrition (undernutrition) rate and the proportion of patients at nutritional risk were 8.4% and 34. 2%, respectively. The percentage of nutrition support was 10. 2%, which included parenteral nutrition (8. 5% ) and ena simple, fast and convenient tool for the investigation of nutrition risks and can provide a basis for reasonable nutrition support Therefore, it should be widely applied in clinical practice.  相似文献   

2.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of the nutritional risks, undernutrition, overweight,and obesity, and the application of nutritional support in hospitalized patients in middle and small hospitals of Guizhou province. Methods Adult patients in the departments of general surgery, chest surgery, neurology, gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, and nephrology in four hospitals in Guizhou Province were consecutively enrolled from Feberary 2008 to March 2009. Nutrional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) was performed on the next morning after admission and nutritional support was evaluated on the 14 day of admission or on the discharge day.The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support was analyzed. Nutritional risk was defined as NRS 2002 score≥3 and under-nutrition was defined as body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2. Results A total of 1668 patients were enrolled and underwent, NRS 2002 scoring. The nutritional risk was 30. 2% and the prevalence of malnutrition was 12.2%. Although 54 patients ( 11.7 % ) with NRS 2002 ≥ 3 received nutrition support, only parenteral nutrition was applied. Conclusions NRS 2002 is a feasible nutritional risk screening tool for patients in middle and small hospitals. The application of nutrition support is still at a low level, with only parenteral nutrition is applied. Evidence-based nutrition support guidelines are required to standardize the application of nutrition support.  相似文献   

3.
合理的营养支持能有效延缓心功能不全向心功能衰竭的发展过程,延长生存期,提高生活质量.本文总结了心功能不全患者的营养代谢特点、营养风险筛查与营养状态评估方法、营养素需求及营养支持的应用等方面的进展,并对急性心功能不全的营养代谢支持进行讨论.
Abstract:
Rational clinical nutrition support may slow down the progress from heart insufficiency to heart failure and improve the quality of life.This article summarizes advances in nutrition support in patients with heart insufficiency in terms of nutrition and metabolic characteristics, nutritional risk screening and nutrition status evaluation, nutrient recommendations, and clinical application of nutrition support.Moreover, nutrition and metabolic support in acute heart failure is also discussed.  相似文献   

4.
Objective To investigate the nutritional risks, undernutrition, and nutritional support among inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Tianjin using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002). Methods Inpatients in six departments in two tertiary hospitals in Tianjin (Tianjin Nankai Hospital and Tianjin Chest Hospital ) were consecutively enrolled from March 2005 to March 2006. Their nutritional risks were screened using NRS 2002, and the nutritional support was investigated. Results A total of 1200 inpatients received nutritional screening, and 93.0% of them underwent NRS 2002 scoring. The prevalence of undernutrition was 9. 8% and the prevalence of nutritional risk was 42. 8%. Of these patients, 241 patients (46.4%) with NRS2002≥3 received nutrition support, and 244 patients (35.9%) with NRS2002 <3 received nutritional support Conclusions NRS2002 is suitable for nutritional risk screening among inpatients. Inpatients usually have nutritional risks or undernutrition. However, physicians at different levels in different regions have different awareness of such risks or conditions, and the clinical application of nutritional supports sometimes are inappropriate.  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HLAP)的营养支持策略.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2009年12月在北京协和医院国际医疗部就诊的6例HLAP患者9次急性胰腺炎发作的临床资料.结果 经禁食、尽早开始营养支持和降脂治疗后,所有患者的病情均好转.3例重症HLAP患者留置空肠营养管,管饲低脂肠内营养和降脂;3例轻症患者低脂饮食和口服降脂药.所有患者的血三酰甘油水平均明显下降,由(25.30±20.48)mmol/L降至(5.41±4.55)mmol/L,随诊3~24个月无复发.结论 HLAP患者宜根据病情个体化选择营养途径,合理搭配肠内营养制剂和降脂药物.重症HLAP宜早期留置空肠营养管,以保证肠内营养和降脂药物的使用,保护肠黏膜屏障,减少血糖波动.
Abstract:
Objective To summarize the strategies of nutritional support for patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP). Methods The clinical data of six HLAP patients who were treated in our department from January 1998 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results The disease conditions of all patients were improved after fasting and early nutritional support and lipid-lowering treatment. Three cases with severe HLAP received enteral nutrition via a nasojejunal tube. Another three patients with milder HLAP obtained low-fat diet and orally administered lipid-lowering drugs. The plasma triglyceride levels decreased from (25.30 ± 20. 48 ) mmol/L to (5.41 ±4.55) mmol/L. No relapse was noted during follow-up (range: 3 -24 months). Conclusions The approaches of nutritional support for HLAP patients should be customized based on the specific disease conditions,and the enteral nutrition and lipid-lowering drugs should be reasonably and carefully designed and applied. For severe HLAP, nasojejunal tube should be maintained in the early stage to ensure the application of enteral nutrition and lipid-lowering drugs, protect the integrity of gut mucosal barrier, and decrease the fluctuation of blood glucose.  相似文献   

6.
Promulgation of safe and effective patient care by nu-trition support practitioners is a critical role of the Japa-nese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JSPEN)organization, which is quite same as that of other societiessuch as American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutri-tion (ASPEN), European Society for Parenteral and En-teral Nutrition (ESPEN) and so on.In order to ensurethe right nutritional support to right patient at the righttime and in the right place, the …  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨不同营养支持方式对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠道菌群失调的影响.方法 将2003年1月至2010年6月收治的66例SAP患者按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组33例,分别接受肠内营养和全胃肠外营养支持治疗,观察并比较两组患者肠道菌群失调的发生情况.结果 经营养支持治疗后,研究组大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的数量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量则显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).研究组肠道菌群失调的发生率为24.2%(8/33),显著低于对照组的51.5%(17/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肠内营养支持较单独全胃肠外营养支持能减少SAP患者肠道菌群失调的发生.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the influence of different nutritional support ways on intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Sixty-six patients with SAP from January 2003 to June 2010 were divided into study group and control group according to random digits table,33 cases in each group,they were treated with enteral nutrition and total parenteral alimentation support treatment respectively and the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis was observed and compared.Results In 7 - 10 d after the onset of SAP,the number of escherichia coli and enterococci in study group were significantly lower than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05 );the number of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05 ).A total of 25 patients in both groups occurred intestinal dysbacteriosis,the total incidence was 37.9%,the incidence in study group was 24.2% (8/33) and which was significantly lower than that in control group [51.5%( 17/33 )](P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Enteral nutrition support treatment can reduce the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with SAP,its efficacy is better than parenteral nutrition.  相似文献   

8.
Parenteral nutrition support(PN)is one of the most important developments of the last 40 years for surgical science and practice.It is being utilized for patiens with both surgical and medical gut failure.In our hospital over the past 22 years,more than 2000 patients have received traditional nutrition support.Diagnoses included perioperative(39%), abdominal infection(18%),gastrointestional fistulae(17%), intensive chemotherapy (9%), inflammoatory bowel disease(6%) and others (11%).Parenteral nutrition support has saved innumer  相似文献   

9.
19-23 Septemder 2005,Durban,South Africa Outline of the ProgrammeⅠ. Prenary lectures 1. Nutrition and HIV/AIDS 2. Nutrition and long term health 3. Global strategy to prevent non-communicable diseases(NCD) 4. Econutrition 5. Evidence-based nutrition 6. N…  相似文献   

10.
Dates and Site  Dates:March1 0 (Sun.) - 1 3 (Wed.) ,2 0 0 2   Site:Osaka International Convention Center   Scientific Program (Provisional)  Invited Lecture1 :“Clinical nutrition in the2 1 st century”by Peter Furst,Stuttgart,Germany  Invited Lecture2 :“The role ofdietitian in nutrition support”by Maureen Mac Burney,Boston.U.S.A.  Memorial Oration:“Future of leadership in nutrition”   Plenary Lecture 1 :“Nutrition and aging”   Plenary Lecture 2 :“Nutriti…  相似文献   

11.
目的了解杭州市场上常见包装食品营养标签标识现状和消费者对营养标签的认知度。方法通过现场调查方法,对杭州市某大型超市7大类262种包装食品的营养标签标识状况进行记录;同时随机抽取280名消费者进行营养标签认知度的问卷调查;结果输入计算机,用EXCEL软件进行分析。结果食品营养标签的标识率为57.6%,不同类食品间标识率存在较大差别;标识一种营养素的食品居多,占26.0%;标识营养素的名称和单位不统一;15.0%的消费者将食品营养信息作为选择食品的首要考虑因素,88.9%的消费者认为国家需要对食品包装上的营养信息进行统一规定。结论目前国内食品的营养标签标识尚不规范,国家应加快营养标签的立法工作;消费者对食品营养标签的认知度不高,政府和媒体需加强对消费者的宣传教育。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Although the Nutrition Facts label has been required on food packages since 1994, little research has been conducted to determine the ability of consumers of any age to locate and manipulate information on the Nutrition Facts label. Even less research has been conducted to determine their understanding of nutrient content claims. The potential usefulness of nutrition labeling in helping older adults identify foods that can promote more successful aging and safeguard their health compels this study which was designed to investigate the ability of older women to locate and manipulate nutrient information on Nutrition Facts labels and accurately interpret nutrition claims.  相似文献   

13.
BackgroundNutrition Facts labels can keep consumers better informed about their diets' nutritional composition, however, consumers currently do not understand these labels well or use them often. Thus, modifying existing labels may benefit public health.ObjectiveThe present study tracked the visual attention of individuals making simulated food-purchasing decisions to assess Nutrition Facts label viewing. Primary research questions were how self-reported viewing of Nutrition Facts labels and their components relates to measured viewing and whether locations of labels and specific label components relate to viewing.DesignThe study involved a simulated grocery shopping exercise conducted on a computer equipped with an eye-tracking camera. A post-task survey assessed self-reported nutrition information viewing, health behaviors, and demographics.Subjects/settingIndividuals 18 years old and older and capable of reading English words on a computer (n=203) completed the 1-hour protocol at the University of Minnesota during Spring 2010.Statistical analysesPrimary analyses included χ2, analysis of variance, and t tests comparing self-reported and measured viewing of label components in different presentation configurations.ResultsSelf-reported viewing of Nutrition Facts label components was higher than objectively measured viewing. Label components at the top of the label were viewed more than those at the bottom, and labels positioned in the center of the screen were viewed more than those located on the sides.ConclusionsNutrition Facts label position within a viewing area and position of specific components on a label relate to viewing. Eye tracking is a valuable technology for evaluating consumers' attention to nutrition information, informing nutrition labeling policy (eg, front-of-pack labels), and designing labels that best support healthy dietary decisions.  相似文献   

14.
成都市幼教人员营养KAP现状   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的了解成都市幼教人员营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)现状,为预防和控制儿童肥胖提供基础资料。方法采用问卷调查方法,对成都市6所幼儿园的幼教人员228名进行营养KAP现况调查。结果调查对象营养知识、态度.行为得分合格率分别为68.8%,94.1%和75.1%,多数被调查者具有良好的接受营养知识和参与幼儿营养教育的态度:年龄、学历对营养KAP水平的影响差异无显著性。结论成都市幼教人员的营养知识和营养行为均有待改善,有必要在幼教人员中开展营养教育。  相似文献   

15.
杭州市售婴幼儿食品营养标签调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的了解浙江省杭州市售婴幼儿食品营养标签标示现状并分析存在的问题。方法采用自行设计的食品标签评价表,抄录杭州市世纪联华超市庆春路店内全部婴幼儿食品营养标签并判断标签标示内容的规范性。结果共调查婴幼儿食品253种,标示营养成分表、营养声称、营养成分功能声称的分别有250(98.8%)、241(95.3%)、113种(44.7%);标示率较高的营养成分是能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素B1、维生素A、铁、锌,标示率分别为100.0%(250/250)9、5.2%(238/250)、89.2%(223/250)、96.8%(242/250)、84.8%(212/250)、83.6%(209/250)、88.8%(222/250)、85.2%(213/250);共出现739条营养声称,出现频数较多的是益生元/菌13.3%(98/739)、花生四烯酸11.5%(85/739)、胆碱9.3%(69/739)等;共出现339条营养成分功能声称,出现频数较多的是益生元/菌20.6%(82/399)、蛋白质11.5%(46/399)、钙11.01%(44/399)等。结论婴幼儿食品营养标签标示率较高,但规范性较差,应加强营养标签规范工作,完善标签法规,便于消费者正确选择营养健康的婴幼儿食品。  相似文献   

16.
The food label is an important tool for improving the public's understanding of the health benefits of following a nutritious diet. The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has continued to study food labels with its Food Label and Package Survey (FLAPS). Data from the 2000-2001 FLAPS characterize various aspects of the labeling of processed, packaged foods, including nutrition labeling and various types of label claims. The FDA used a multistage, representative sample of food products from the Information Resources Inc (IRI) 1999 supermarket database as the basis for the FLAPS sample. The final FLAPS database consists of 1281 foods. An estimated 98.3% of FDA-regulated processed, packaged foods sold annually have nutrition labels, with an additional 1.7% of products exempt from nutrition labeling requirements. Health claims (4.4%), structure/function claims (6.2%), and nutrient content claims (49.7%) were identified on food labels. In addition to the resource this survey provides to CFSAN in assessing health and nutrition information on the food label, registered dietitians and other health professionals can use FLAPS data to assist consumers in choosing a more nutritious diet to improve their health and well-being.  相似文献   

17.
PURPOSE: Nutrition education and labeling may help consumers to eat less fat. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of nutrition education with and without shelf labeling on reduced fat intake in Dutch supermarkets. METHODS: The design consisted of a randomized, pretest-posttest, experimental control group design. In total, 2203 clients of 13 supermarkets were included in the sample. Total fat intake of clients and behavioral determinants of eating less fat were measured by a questionnaire. A mixed-effect regression model was used for the analysis. RESULTS: No significant effects were found for the educational intervention, alone or with the labeling, on total fat intake and the psychosocial determinants of eating less fat. CONCLUSION: Nutrition education and labeling of low-fat food products in supermarkets did not prove to be effective strategies. The fact that the supermarket is a highly competitive environment may have accounted for this lack of effect.  相似文献   

18.
周燕  李青艳  李迎春 《实用预防医学》2011,18(12):2432-2433
目的了解人群对健康教育的需求状况,提高体检中心健康教育水平。方法以2010年11月在武警安徽总队医院体检中心接受健康体检者1 122人为调查对象,共回收有效问卷1 043份。问卷内容包括一般人口社会学资料、对健康教育内容及健康教育方式的态度。结果体检人群最希望得到的健康知识前三项依次为"常见病防治知识"(44.5%)、"饮食营养知识"(29.4%)、"合理运动的知识"(10.7%);其中选择"合理运动的知识"和"戒烟、戒酒的知识和技能"以男性为主。最愿意接受的健康教育方式依次是"一对一讲解"(22.5%)、"发放健康教育处方等宣传资料"(18.1%)和"健康教育讲座"(18.0%);40岁以下者选择"一对一讲解"和"电话咨询"的比例较高,高中以下文化程度者选择"播放电视录像"的比例较高,大专以上选择"短信或电子邮件"的比例较高。结论体检中心开展健康教育应侧重常见慢性病防治知识、饮食营养及合理运动方面,并结合体检对象的基本特征选择合适的内容和方式。  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study is to understand knowledge about and general attitudes towards nutrition, dietary restriction attitudes, and dietary restriction behavior in the Taiwanese elderly, and the relationship of these various components to each other. Data from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000) were used for analysis and included 1937 elderly persons aged over 65. The results indicated that the elderly had poor nutrition knowledge, especially about the relationship between nutrition and disease. Elderly nutrition attitudes were fair; they tended to disagree with misconceptions about "healthy" or functional foods and also had quite positive general eating attitudes. However, the Taiwanese elderly hold quite strong attitudes influenced by Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restrictions. Elderly people frequently avoid eating foods considered unhealthy by modern medical science (e.g. high fat/cholesterol foods) as well as foods forbidden by Chinese traditional medicine (e.g. "heating" foods, "cooling" foods). Most of the elderly regularly eat three meals a day, however, they seldom pay attention to dietary and nutrition information. The most important sources of nutrition information are offspring or family members, TV, and medical practitioners. In general, elderly men with a higher educational level and living in less remote areas had better nutrition knowledge, held more positive nutrition attitudes, and kept to dietary restrictions less frequently. Elderly people's nutrition knowledge was positively related to their health-care attitudes, general eating attitudes, high- fat or high-cholesterol food restriction behavior, fermented or pickled food restriction behavior, attention to nutrition information, and regularity of meals. However, nutrition knowledge was inversely related to Chinese traditional or food-texture-related dietary restriction behaviors. The results of this study suggest that education of elderly people about nutrition is important, and the design of such nutrition education programs should consider the low educational levels of the elderly. Children or other family members may also be included in the program. The use of TV as a medium for nutrition education of the elderly may also be important for nutrition educators.  相似文献   

20.
目的 了解消费者对营养标签的认知程度,对目前消费者营养标签使用情况的影响因素进行分析,为营养标签的推广宣传提供依据.方法 在上海市卢湾区瑞金、淮海、打浦、五里4个街道,以问卷调查的方式对1141名消费者进行调查.结果 调查对象中能正确理解营养标签的消费者仅占5.8%(44/756),认为营养标签标注有必要的消费者占82.0% (620/756),在购买食品时有因营养标签而影响购买决策的消费者占30.3% (189/623).经Logistic回归分析,年龄(OR=0.962,95% CI:0.933~0.992)、受教育程度(OR=0.270,95% CI:0.084~0.866)、营养知识知晓情况(OR=0.949,95% CI:0.915~ 0.985)、认为是否有必要标注营养标签(OR =0.912,95% CI:0.895~0.941)4个因素为营养标签使用情况的影响因素.结论 消费者对营养标签的认知度虽然很高,但是能真正理解营养标签并且运用的程度还不是很高,需加强宣教和指导,普及营养知识,使得消费者能够使用营养标签这一便捷工具来合理膳食.  相似文献   

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