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1.
目的 探讨我国食管癌、胃癌高发区目前上消化道3种恶性肿瘤发病的危险因素.方法 选择食管癌高发区河北省磁县、涉县,河南省林县和山东省肥城,胃癌高发区辽宁省庄河,每个地区分别从肿瘤登记数据库中选择发病日期为2009年1月1日以后的新诊断病例,利用随机数字表法选取食管下段癌、贲门癌、其他部位胃癌病例,共收集751例;按照病例与对照1∶3配对选取对照人群2253名.采用课题设计的调查表收集研究对象相关资料,并对相关变量进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,估计各危险因素的OR值(95%CI).结果 饮食不规律、经常食用油炸食品、有消化道病史及胃食管反流性疾病史者病例组分别有66、83、369、282例,而对照组分别为90、214、119、432名.单因素分析显示,以上因素可增加上消化道肿瘤发病风险[OR值(95%CI)分别为3.177(2.127~4.745)、3.190(2.061~4.927)、14.660(11.342~18.948)、3.137(2.546~3.864)];而常吃新鲜蔬菜者病例组中有387例,对照组有1278名,此因素可降低上消化道肿瘤发病风险(OR=0.609;95%CI:0.473~0.785).多因素分析显示,消化道病史(OR=21.420;95%CI:15.484~29.632)、饮食不规律(OR=3.097;95%CI:1.740~5.514)、经常食用腌晒食品(OR=3.005;95%CI:1.873~4.819)、胃食管反流性疾病史(OR=2.261;95%CI:1.673~3.057)等是上消化道肿瘤的危险因素;每天食用新鲜蔬菜(OR=0.562;95%CI:0.396~0.800)是上消化道肿瘤的保护因素.结论 不良生活方式和不健康饮食习惯是我国食管癌、胃癌高发区居民上消化道恶性肿瘤的危险因素.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer in high occurrence areas of esophageal and gastric cancer in China. Methods Four high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer, namely Cixian and Shexian from Hebei province, Linxian from Henan province, Feicheng from Shandong province, and Zhuanghe from Liaoning province, which is a high occurrence area of gastric cancer,were selected for the study. The newly-diagnosed cases whose date of onset were after January 1st,2009 were selected from the Cancer Registration Database in each district, and 751 cases diagnosed as cancers in lower segment of esophagus, cardiac and other subsite of stomach were randomly recruited. 2253 matched controls were selected to pair the cases at the ratio of 3: 1. The relative information of the study objects were collected from the face-to-face interviews with trained staff by designed questionnaires, and the data was input by EpiData software. Statistic software SPSS 13.0 was applied to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confident interval (CI).Results As univariate analysis shown,66 objects in case group had irregular diet habit; while 90 in control group had ( OR= 3. 177;95% CI: 2. 127 - 4.745). A higher percentage in case group (83 objects)preferred fried food in comparison with only 214 in control group did (OR= 3. 190; 95% CI: 2.061 -4. 927). 369 objects in case group, but only 119 in control group had history of gastrointestinal diseases ( OR = 14. 660; 95% CI: 11. 342 - 18. 948 ). 282 objects in case group had history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ,which was much higher than the percentage in control group (432 objects),with OR =3. 137 (95% CI: 2. 546 -3. 864). All the above factors could increase the risk for upper gastrointestinal cancer. 387 objects in case group and 1278 in control group reported they preferred fresh vegetables in daily diet,which was found to be a protective factor ( OR = 0. 609; 95% CI: 0. 473 - 0. 785 ). As multivariate analysis shown, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases ( OR = 21. 420; 95% CI: 15.484 - 29. 632 ),irregular food diet (OR=3.097; 95%CI: 1.740-5.514),pickled food (OR=3.005; 95%CI: 1.873 -4. 819) ,and GERD ( OR = 2. 261; 95% CI: 1. 673 - 3.057 ) were found to be risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancer; while frequent fresh-vegetable diet was a protective factor (OR = 0. 562; 95% CI:0. 396 -0. 800). Conclusion Irregular lifestyle and unhealthy diet habit could be the major risk factors for upper gastrointestinal cancers among the residents from high occurrence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in China.  相似文献   

2.
食物不耐受流行现状及其相关因素的横断面调查   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨居民食物不耐受流行情况及相关影响因素.方法 选取2008年8月至2009年6月某综合医院健康医学中心第一次查体进行食物不耐受项目检测的全部健康体检者(12 766人),应用非条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 排名前三位的食物不耐受种类分别为鸡蛋、蟹和牛奶,其阳性率分别为28.5%、24.5%和24.5%.食物不耐受发生率随年龄的增加有增高趋势(P<0.05),女性发生率(67.3%)显著高于男性(56.2%),P<0.05.食物不耐受不同分级、不同种类与年龄和性别间存在相关关系(P<0.05),其中食物不耐受不同分级与年龄分组间x2=19.555(P=0.021),与性别间x2=208.406(P=0.000);食物不耐受种类与年龄分组间x2=81.796(P=0.000),与性别间x2=132.068(P=0.000).logistic回归分析结果显示,与≤40岁组比较,41~50岁组、51~60岁组和>60岁组OR值(95%CI)分别为1.125(1.027~1.233)、1.307(1.176~1.452)和1.536(1.275~1.849);与男性比较,女性OR值(95%CI)为1.602(1.475~1.741).与正常体重者比较,体重过轻者OR值(95%CI)为1.772(1.207~2.602).结论 食物不耐受与年龄、性别和体重指数相关,健康教育应针对其年龄和性别分布特点进行,保持适宜体重水平可以减少食物不耐受发生的风险.
Abstract:
Objective To study the prevalence of food intolerance among attendants in a general hospital and to learn its related determinants in Beijing,China.Methods An cross sectional survey,from August 1st,2008 to June 30th,2009,was carried out,including 12 766 adults from Health Sciences Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital.Data for epidemiological analysis were entered (double entry) into computer and organized by EpiData 3.0.Non-conditional logistic regression model was used for odd ratio (OR) and 95%CI calculation,with statistic analysis through SPSS 13.0.Results The three leading intolerance food items were egg,crab and milk,and the prevalence rates were 28.5%,24.5% and 24.5% respectively.Prevalence of food intolerance increased along with aging.Levels and the kinds of food intolerance were associated with age,sex and appeared a linear correlation tendency (P<0.05).Prevalence of food intolerance in females (67.3%) was higher than that in males (56.2%).Data from multiple regression analysis showed that,comparing with age group under 40 and 40 years,the OR(95%CI) of age group 41-50,51-60,and above 60 were 1.125(1.027-1.233),1.307(l.176-1.452)and 1.536(1.275-1.849)respectively.Compared to males,the OR (95% CI) of females was 1.602 (1.475-1.741).When compared with normal weights,the OR (95%CI) of people with low weight was 1.772 (1.207-2.602).Conclusion Food intolerance was associated with age,sex and body mass index.Health education should be carried out according to the related characteristics of age and sex.Suggesting that reducing the risk of food intolerance,keeping the suitable weight was necessary.  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)基因多态性与职业性慢性锰中毒易感性的关系.方法 采用1∶2配对病例-对照研究的方法,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析与比较了164例汉族职业性慢性锰中毒病例与328例汉族对照的MnSOD基因9Ala-Val位点的基因多态性,分析MnSOD基因多态性与职业性慢性锰中毒的关系.结果 MnSOD基因9AlaVal位点V等位基因在对照组和病例组中的分布频率分别为76.7%和87.2%,差异有统计学意义(x2=15.225,P<0.01,OR=2.07,95%CI=1.43~3.00);具有VV基因型的个体发生职业性慢性锰中毒的危险性与具有非VV基因型的个体相比升高了1.30倍(OR=2.30,95%CI=1.52~3.49,P<0.05).结论 MnSOD基因可能是职业性慢性锰中毒的易感基因,携带MnSOD基因型VV可能增加职业性慢性锰中毒的危险性.
Abstract:
Objective To study the relationship between polymorphisms of MnSOD and the susceptibility of chronic poisoning exposed to manganism occupationally. Methods In a study of case-control,genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP in 164 patients with chronic occupational mangamism poisoning and 328 controls with age- and sex-matched for MnSOD 9Ala-Val. Results There was a significant difference in the frequency of MnSOD 9Ala-Val at V locus mutant allele between cases and controls(x2=15.225,P<0.01,95%CI=1.43~3.00).Individuals with the genotype VV had a 1.30 of risk increase of occupational chronic manganism poisoning compared with the the genotype AV or AA (OR=2.30,95%CI=1.52~3.49,P<0.05). Conclusion The MnSOD polymorphisms may be related with the susceptibility to chronic occupational manganism poisoning,the risk of chronic occupational manganism poisoning increases in carriers with genotype VV at MnSOD 9AlaVal locus.  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析引发2005年厦门3起雪卡毒素中毒的原因及引发中毒的鱼种.方法 采集3起中毒案例中剩余的棕点石斑鱼及市场上其他深海鱼共7份,采用小鼠生物法、雪卡毒素免疫膜试剂盒测定雪卡毒素,同时提取中毒鱼肉组织中的mtDNA,采用PCR技术扩增细胞色素6(Cry b)部分序列片段并直接测序,将结果与CenBank数据库比对.结果 引发中毒的鱼肉中雪卡毒素检测呈阳性,小鼠生物实验毒性为0.11小鼠单位(MU)/g,提取的mtDNA扩增出475 bp大小的Cty b基因片段,与棕点石斑鱼(登录号 AY950695)的Cry b基因相似性达99%.其余6份样品均未检出雪卡毒素.结论 这3起中毒事件均是由于食用了含有雪卡毒素的棕点石斑鱼而引发的食物中毒.
Abstract:
Objective To find out the reason of three eiguatem fish poisoning cases in Xiaman in 2005 and identify the fish species.Methods The grouper implicated in food poisoning and seven other coral reef fishes collected from market were tested by mice bioassay and ciguatoxin-test kit.The mtDNA was extracted from toxic grouper meat,and Cty b gene segment was amplified and the PCR products were sequenced.The sequences were compared with those in the GenBank.Results The result turned out to be positive by the ciguatoxin-test kit,while the toxicity of the toxic grouper implicated in food poisoning was 0.11 mouse unit(MU)/g by mice bioassay.A 475 bp segments of Cty b gene was amplified by PCR and the sequence was 99% homologous with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(GenBank:AY950695).No ciguatoxin in six grouper species collected from market was detected.Conclusion All three food poisoning cases were caused by consumption of ciguatoxin-carrying groupers.  相似文献   

5.
蔬菜水果食用频率与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨中国城乡居民蔬菜和水果食用频率与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的关系.方法 2007年在全国疾病监测系统的161个监测点中,采用多阶段按比例分层随机抽样的方法,抽取了48 974名15~69岁居民作为调查对象,采用标准化问卷调查收集相关信息,比较不同蔬菜食用频率(<4、4~5、6~7 d/周)和水果食用频率(<2、2~4、5~7 d/周)的自报COPD患病风险.结果 蔬菜食用频率为6~7和<4 d/周者分别占89.9%(44 019/48 974)和4.6%(2262/48 974),水果食用频率为5~7和<2 d/周者分别占30.8%(15 072/48 974)和31.5%(15 432/48 974).自报COPD患病率为2.9%(1412/48 974).调整了年龄、性别、城乡、被动吸烟和COPD家族史后,与水果食用频率较低(<2 d/周)的人群相比,水果食用频率较高的人群(5~7 d/周)患COPD的风险降低(在不吸烟者中,OR=0.80,95%CI:0.66~0.98;在吸烟者中,OR=0.80,95%CI:0.64~0.99).在不吸烟者中,高蔬菜食用频率(6~7 d/周)者患COPD风险较低(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.48~0.89).结论 食用蔬菜和水果可能对COPD有保护性作用.
Abstract:
Objective To explore the association between frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods In 2007,48 974 Chinese residents aged 15-69 years were selected as study participants by multistage stratified proportionate to size random sampling from the 161 sites of Disease Surveillance Points System.Standardized questionnaires were used to collect relevant information to compare the risk for self-reported physician diagnosed COPD between different frequency groups for fruit(<2,2-4,5-7 d/week) and vegetable(<4,4-5,6-7 d/week) intake.Results The proportion of vegetable intake was 89.9%(44 019/48 974) and 4.6%(2262/48 974) for individuals with frequency of 6-7 and <4 d/week respectively.The proportion of fruit intake was 30.8%(15 072/48 974) and 31.5%(15 432/48 974) for individuals with frequency of 5-7 and <2 d/week respectively.The prevalence of self-reported COPD was 2.9%(1412/48 974).After adjusting for age,sex,urban/rural areas,passive smoking exposure and family history,the risk of COPD decreased among those with high frequency(5-7 d/week) of fruit intake( OR=0.80,95%CI:0.66-0.98 for never smokers; OR=0.80,95%CI:0.64-0.99 for ever smokers),compared to subjects with low frequency of fruit intake(<2 d/week).Among never smokers, those with high frequency of vegetable intake(6-7 d/w) had a low risk of developing COPD (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.48-0.89).Conclusion There were beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake on COPD.  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解湖州市农药中毒的危害现状,为农药中毒预防控制提供依据.方法 将2006至2009年每年应用"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"的子系统"健康危害因素检测信息系统"所建立的农药中毒报告数据库导入Excel,进行汇总统计,使用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析.结果 2006至2009年该市共发生农药中毒2298例,其中生产性农药中毒588例,占全部病例的25.59%;死亡4例,病死率为0.68%;男性(458例,77.89%)多于女性(130例,22.11%);具有明显的季节性,主要集中在7至9月;35至55岁和65岁以上为高发年龄.非生产性农药中毒1710例,占全部病列的74.41%;女性(952例,55.67%)多于男性(758例,44.33%);35至65岁为高发年龄段;死亡112例,病死率为6.55%.有机磷农药是引起农药中毒的主要品种,尤以甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氧乐果(含乐果)为主,共占有机磷类中毒总数的79.98%.结论 该市生产性农药中毒得到了有效的控制,非生产性农药中毒比例较高,应加强监管,有效预防和控制农药中毒的发生.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the situations of pesticide poisoning in Huzhou and take preventive strategy and measures against the pesticide poisoning. Methods Case reports between 2006 and 2009 in the data base of reporting system for occupational diseases were computed by Excel for windows and statistical significance by SPSS12.0. Results A total of 2298 patients were reported from 2006 to 2009.Among them, the incidence of occupational poisoing accounted for 25.59% (588 cases), including 4 fatalities (fatality rate, 0.68% ). Male patients (458 cases, 77.89% ) were more than femal ones ( 130 cases, 22.11% ) in occupational pesticides poisoning. Summer and autumn were the most seasons in occupational pesticides poisoning occurring. The incidence of non-occupational pesticides poisoning accounted for 74.41% ( 1710 cases ),including 112 fatalities (fatality rate, 6.55%). Femal patients (952 cases, 55.67% ) were more than male ones (758 cases, 44.33% ) in non-occupational pesticides poisoning. 15-55 years were the highest incidences among non-occupational pesticides poisoning patients. Insecticides especially organophosphorus insecticides such as methamidophos, parathion, and omethoate comprised a higher proportion, accounting for 79.98% of the pesticides poisoning. Conclusion The incidence and the fatality rate of occupational pesticide poisoning were reduced in the city. However, more attention should be paied to non-occupational pesticides poisoning. To decrease the numbers of pesticide poisoning and the risks of death, the relevant departments should take preventive strategy and measures against the pesticide poisoning.  相似文献   

7.
目的 了解影响甲型H1N1流行性感冒(简称流感)医院内暴发的流行病学因素. 方法 主要采用面对面访谈和电话问答方式,调查2009年8月11-18日暴露于小儿外科的39名住院患者、56名陪护家属及37名医务人员(共132名),将符合甲型H1N1流感诊断定义的35例罹患流感者纳入患者组,余97名对象纳入对照组,采用病例-对照研究方法探讨影响疫情暴发的因素,应用分层分析方法检测因素间的交互作用. 结果 调查发现人群总罹患率为26.5%(35/132),患者组中12例为确诊患者,23例为疑似患者,无重症患者.首例患者为一住院患儿,8月11日入住小儿外科前已有流感样症状.35例患者发病时间为8月7-17日.患者分布在13间病房的9间里,患者分布无房间聚集性(x2=0.00,P>0.05).25份咽拭子标本检出12例甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性.病例-对照研究结果表明灌肠室暴露[病例组暴露率93.10%(27/29),对照组暴露率72.73%(48/66),OR=5.06,95%CI=1.01~34.23]、长时间暴露于病区[病例组暴露率71.43%(25/35),对照组暴露率44.33%(43/97),OR=3.14,95%CI=1.27~7.90]和近距离接触刘护士[病例组暴露率76.46%(26/34),对照组暴露率50.52%(49/97),OR=3.18,95%CI=1.22~8.54]是危险因素.而长时间开窗[病例组暴露率27.59%(8/29),对照组暴露率68.18%(45/66),OR=0.14,95%CI=0.05~0.39]和勤洗手[病例组暴露率25.71%(9/35),对照组暴露率76.29%(74/97),OR=0.11,95%CI=0.04~0.28]是保护因素.同时病区暴露时间越长风险越大(暴露时间0~、2~和5~d的人群,患者与非患者的比分别是4:20、6:34和25:43,x2趋势=5.737,P<0.05),而每天洗手频率越多(洗于次数0~、2~和4~次的人群,患者与非患者的比分别是26:23、7:9和2:65,x2趋势=37.136,P<0.01)、开窗时间越长(开窗频率为不开、一会和大半天的人群,患者与非患者的比分别是21:21、4:13和4:32,x2趋势=13.830,P<0.01)则患病风险越小.但是,利用分层分析发现病区暴露时间长并不是危险因素[在勤洗手人群中,病例组暴露率6.90%(2/29),对照组暴露率7.14%(1/14),OR=0.97,95%CI=0.06~29.51;在长时间开窗的人群中,病例组暴露率21.21%(7/33),对照组暴露率8.33%(1/12),OR=2.55,95%CI=0.26~60.87].因此,此次甲型H1N1流感暴发的危险因素主要是灌肠室暴露与近距离接触患病医护人员. 结论 院外甲型H1N1流感患儿入住小儿外科病区导致本次甲型H1N1流感院内感染,患病坚持在岗的医护人员或灌肠室等共同暴露导致病毒传播;而勤洗手和长时间开窗是预防甲型H1N1流感感染的经济有效的方法.
Abstract:
Objective This study aimed to explore the epidemiological factors of an influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in a hospital. Methods General data were collected via face-to-face interview and telephone survey.Total 132 individuals including medical and nursing staffs (37),in-patients (39) and patients' family members (56) who were exposed to the pediatric surgery ward during August 11-18,2009,were investigated.The case group included 35 cases according to the diagnostic criteria for influenza A (H1N1).The other 97 persons were grouped as control.A case-control study was then conducted to explore the epidemic factors,and layering analysis was applied to determine the interactions among these factors. Results The overall incidence in this study was 26.5% (35/132),which included 12 confirmed and 23 suspected cases,and there was no severe case.The first case was a child with the influenza-like symptoms before admission on August 11.The onsets of these cases were during August 7-17.The cases were distributed in 9 of 13 rooms,and there was no room aggregation in the cases distribution (x2=0.00,P>0.05).Twelve of 25 oropharyngeal swabs were influenza A (H1N1) nucleic acid positive.The casecontrol study showed that exposure to the enema room accounted for 93.10% (27/29) in cases and 72.73%(48/66) in control;OR = 5.06,95% CI = 1.01-34.23),long time exposure to ward was 71.43% (25/35)in cases and 44.33% (43/97) in control;OR = 3.14,95% CI = 1.27-7.90),and short distance contact with the nurse LIU (76.46% (26/34) in cases and 50.52% (49/97) in control;OR = 3.18,95% CI =1.22-8.54) were the risk factors.However,keeping the window open (27.59% (8/29) in cases and 68.18% (45/66) in control;OR=0.14,95%CI=0.05-0.39) and hand washing (25.71% (9/35) in cases and 76.29% (74/97) in control;OR =0.11,95% CI = 0.04-0.28) were the protective factors.The longer time exposure to ward had the higher risk (ratios of cases to control were 4:20 (0-1 day),6:34(2-4days) and 25:43 (≥5 days)x2trend = 5.737,P < 0.05).In contrast,hand washing with more frequeucies (ratios of cases to control were 26:23 (0-1 time one day),7:9 (2-3 times one day) and 2:65 (≥4 times one day) ;x2trend =37.136,P <0.01) and the longer time window opening (ratios of cases to control were21:21 (no),4:13 (a few) and 4:32 (often);x2trend= 13.830,P<0.01) had the lower risk.Nevertheless,layering analysis excluded long time exposure to ward from the risk factors (for individuals with more frequent hand washing,6.90% (2/29) exposed in cases,7.14% (1/14) exposed in control,OR =0.97,95% CI= 0.06-29.51;for individuals keeping window open,21.21% (7/33) exposed in cases,8.33% (1/12) exposed in control,OR = 2.55,95% CI = 0.26-60.87),indicating the main risk factors in this outbreak were exposure to the enema room and short distance contagion with the infected nurse. Conclusion The influenza A (H1N1) outbreak in this hospital was induced by an inpatient infected with influenza A (H1N1) virus before admission.Infected medical staffs keeping on work and exposure to the same place,e.g.the enema room in this study might spread the influenza A (H1N1) virus,and frequent hand washing and keeping the window open are the most effective and economic methods to prevent influenza A (H1 N1) infection.  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解海南黎族人群哮喘患病危险因素. 方法 采用分层整群不等比随机抽样法,在海南南部、中部和西部地区共抽取黎族居民13 050人,采用自行编制的<海南省黎族哮喘病流行病学调查表>进行调查;其中病例组441例,并且从非患病人群中采用随机数字表法抽取对照12%名,应用logistic回归分析哮喘的危险因素. 结果 海南黎族的哮喘患病率为3.38%(441/13 050);哮喘的危险因素包括家族哮喘史(OR=4.323,95%CI=3.259~5.735)、过敏史(OR=7.775,95%CI=5.686~10.632)、吸烟(OR=1.494,95%CI=1.174~1.902)、煮食燃料、居住环境等;冷空气变化(OR=1.604,95%CI=1.286~2.001)和吸入粉尘或刺激性气体(OR=2.123,95%CI=1.702~2.648)是重要诱因. 结论 家族哮喘史,过敏史,吸烟,煮食燃料以燃油、稻草或木材为主,居住环境以茅草房、人畜混住,冷空气变化,吸入粉尘或刺激性气体等为哮喘患病危险因素.
Abstract:
Objective To study the risk factors of bronchial asthma of Li nationality in Hainan. Methods A total of 13 050 subjects of Li nationality were selected by random unequal ratio stratified cluster sampling method from southern,central and western part of Hainan and investigated with Hainan Epidemiological Asthma Survey Questionnaire of Li Nationality.There were 441 cases of bronchial asthma,and 1296 cases of control that were sampled by random number table method.The logistic regression method was used to analyze risk factors. Results The asthma prevalence of Li nationality in Hainan was 3.38% (441/13 050).The main risk factors of asthma were family asthma(OR =4.323,95% CI = 3.259-5.735),hypersensitiveness (OR = 7.775,95% CI = 5.686-10.632),smoking (OR = 1.494,95% CI =1.174-1.902),cooking fuels and living environment.Cold air change (OR = 1.604,95% CI = 1.286-2.001) and respirahle dust or irritant gas (OR = 2.123,95% CI = 1.702-2.648) were the important incentives. Conclusion The main risk factors of asthma among Li nationality were family asthma,hypersensitiveness,smoking,cooking fuels by means of fuel oil,hay or wood,living environment by means of couch grass room and human-livestock mix live,cold air change,respirable dust or irritant gas.  相似文献   

9.
目的 评价狂犬病疫苗免疫预防措施效果,并分析免疫失败的原因. 方法 对2005-2006年浙江省132例狂犬病病例和与其有同源暴露的狂犬病暴露者73名采用统一调查表进行入户个案面对面调查,采用病例-对照研究方法和非条件logistic回归分析研究探讨免疫预防措施效果和造成免疫预防失败的因素. 结果 14.4%(19/132)的病例和93.2%(68/73)的对照在狂犬病暴露后去医疗机构注射过狂犬病疫苗,对应的OR值(95%CI)为0.012(0.004~0.035);72.2%(13/18)的病例和7.7%(5/65)的对照末完成狂犬病疫苗注射,相对规范且完成全程注射者的OR值(95% CI)为15.60(3.85~63.26).暴露前免疫史与暴露后疫苗免疫对狂犬病暴露者均有一定的保护作用,以暴露后疫苗免疫保护作用为佳,两者的OR值(95%CI)分别为0.065(0.032~0.132)和0.012(0.004~0.035).分层分析表明暴露后疫苗免疫对狂犬病暴露者有保护作用,校正后的OR值(95% CI)为0.010(0.002~0.047).经济条件差、不知道狂犬病的危害等是未接种狂犬病疫苗的原因. 结论 狂犬病暴露后的疫苗免疫对狂犬病暴露者有很好的保护作用,未完成狂犬病疫苗注射是导致免疫失败的主要原因.
Abstract:
Objective This research was to evaluate the effect of pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and to analyze the reasons of invalidation. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 132rabies patients and 73 subjects exposed to homologous rabies in Zhejiang province.All the subjects were investigated face to face by using the same questionnaires at home.Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of measures and the reasons of invalidation. Results 14.4%(19/132) of cases and 93.2%(68/73) of controls had post-exposure,which resulted in an OR (95% CI) of 0.012 (0.004-0.035).However,72.2%(13/18) of cases and 7.7%(5/65)of controls had not finished their postexposure,and thus had an OR (95% CI) of 15.60 (3.85-63.26).Stratified analysis stated that postexposure prophylaxis was a protective factor,with an OR(95% CI) of 0.01 (0.002-0.047).Poor financial condition and poor knowledge of rabies were the causes of nonvaccination. Conclusion Post-exposure prophylaxis could protect the people exposed to rabies well and unfinished post-exposure prophylaxis was the main reason for its invalidation.  相似文献   

10.
Objective To timely summarize past experience and to provide more pertinent reference for control and prevention in A/H1N1 cases in influenza season. Methods During May 25 to 31,2009,2 secondary community cases caused by a influenza A/H1N1 imported case. In the close contacts of 3 A/ H1N1 cases, 14 had some aspiratory symptoms onset, such as fever(≥ 37.5℃), cough, sore throat and etc. Laboratory tests excluded the infection of A/H1N1 influenza. For throat swab test for the 14 cases,7 were tested for seasonal influenza virus. A face-to-face or telephone interview was conducted by CDC staff to collect information of 62 close contacts. Results Of 14 fever cases,there was no significant by differences by age [15-age group: 19. 2% (5/26), over 25-age group: 25.0% (9/36); χ2=0. 287, P=0. 592]; by sex group [24. 0% (6/25) for male and 21.6% (8/37) for female; χ2=0. 048, P=0. 826], by working units [dressing and design, photograph, saleroom and others, consumer group: 42. 1% (8/19), 27. 3% (3/11), 12. 5% (2/16) and 6. 3% (1/16); χ2=7. 653, P=0. 054], by dormitory style [dormitory style=33.3% (4/12),non-dormitory style=29.4%(10/34); χ2=0. 699,P=0. 403]. All the cases had fever (37.5-37.9℃),no case had diarrhea. One in 3 A/H1N1 cases had diarrhea. All the 14 cases were negative result for A/H1N1 RNA. Six from 7 cases were positive for seasonal influenza test. Conclusion This was a seasonal influenza outbreak happened in the close contacts of first confirmed A/H1N1 cases in community in mainland China. It showed that we should exclude the seasonal influenza in the investigation of A/H1N1 cases in the seasonal influenza period in some time. It is necessary to take effective measure to strengthen the control and prevention of seasonal influenza.  相似文献   

11.
In July 1989 a large outbreak of food poisoning (68 cases) occurred at a private club in Teddington (London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames). Initial enquiries indicated that the peak of the outbreak occurred between 20th and 26th July. An epidemiological investigation (using self-completed questionnaires) was set up to determine the probable source of infection. Two groups among those exposed were selected: club staff (129), and cricket teams playing in a club tournament (105). Response rates were 89% and 64% respectively. Overall 50% (89) had gastrointestinal symptoms, including two hospital admissions. A highly significant association was found between illness and eating sandwiches containing mayonnaise. Microbiological investigations found Salmonella typhimurium DT4 in 36 of 68 faecal samples taken. This organism is not usually associated with food poisoning outbreaks. The probable source was identified as a flock of one of the egg suppliers.  相似文献   

12.
Two outbreaks of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage types 5c and 6a occurred in a number of Scottish health board areas between May 2000 and January 2001. A case-control study of food businesses was subsequently carried out to ascertain whether the scores derived from Environmental Health Officers' inspections prior to the outbreaks differed between food businesses where outbreak cases had eaten in the week before the onset of their illness (case food businesses) and neighbouring food businesses at which no outbreak case had eaten (control food businesses). The study showed no significant difference between the scores of case and control food businesses. The results suggest that the inspections were ineffective in identifying those food businesses that are more likely to cause incidents of food poisoning.  相似文献   

13.
Foodborne transmission is estimated to account for 95% of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections reported in the United States; however, outbreaks of salmonellosis are rarely traced to food handlers. In August 2000, an increase in Salmonella serotype Thompson infection was noted in Southern California; most of the cases reported eating at a restaurant chain (Chain A) before illness onset. A case-control study implicated the consumption of burgers at Chain A restaurants. The earliest onset of illness was in a burger bun packer at Bakery B who had not eaten at Chain A but had worked while ill. Bakery B supplied burger buns to some Chain A restaurants in Southern California and Arizona. This outbreak is notable for implicating a food handler as the source of food contamination and for involving bread, a very unusual outbreak vehicle for Salmonella . Inadequate food-handler training as well as delayed reporting to the health department contributed to this outbreak.  相似文献   

14.
SUMMARY Multiple salmonellosis outbreaks have been linked to contaminated tomatoes. We investigated a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections among 190 cases. For hypothesis generation, review of patients' food histories from four restaurant-associated clusters in four states revealed that large tomatoes were the only common food consumed by patients. Two case-control studies were conducted to identify food exposures associated with infections. In a study conducted in nine states illness was significantly associated with eating raw, large, round tomatoes in a restaurant [matched odds ratio (mOR) 3·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3-7·3]. In a Minnesota study, illness was associated with tomatoes eaten at a restaurant (OR 6·3, mid-P 95% CI 1·05-50·4, P=0·046). State, local and federal regulatory officials traced the source of tomatoes to Ohio tomato fields, a growing area not previously identified in past tomato-associated outbreaks. Because tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, prevention of tomato contamination should include interventions on the farm, during packing, and at restaurants.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: An outbreak of Salmonella enteriditis food poisoning having occurred at two banquet halls, affecting eight groups of guests, is described. This research was aimed at determining the food by means of which this illness was transmitted. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of the food processing procedures subject to having caused the outbreak. The association of the foods with the illness was analyzed by means of a case and control design. The adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) and the 95% confidence intervals (C195%) were calculated by logic regression. RESULTS: The guests totalled 1771 in number, being divided up into 13 groups for three days running. A total of 629 individuals (36%) were surveyed The probable cases totalled 250 in number, 61 confirmed by Salmonella enterica. The glazed biscuit (dessert with raw egg having undergone no heat processing) showed the highest adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 20.40; CI95%:7.52-55.30) and tested positive for Salmonella enterica of the enteritidis serotype. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological and laboratory evidence supports the glazed biscuit having been the contaminated food having caused the outbreak. The research stressed as contributing factors: the use of raw egg, the production of large quantities ahead of time, prior to the time at which the food item in question was to be eaten.  相似文献   

16.
A multi-jurisdiction case control study was conducted after an increase of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135 notifications (a local designated subgroup) was observed throughout Australia. Hypothesis generating interviews conducted in three jurisdictions identified consumption of chicken, eggs, beef and bagged carrots as common among cases and that a high proportion of cases (> 80%) reported purchasing their groceries from a particular supermarket chain (Supermarket A). We conducted a case control study to test whether S. Typhimurium 135 infections were associated with these food items and the purchasing of these products from Supermarket A. The study comprised 61 cases and 173 controls. Cases were younger than controls (p = 0.003) and their distribution by jurisdiction was also significantly different (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, cases had significantly higher odds of having eaten chicken purchased from Supermarket A (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2,9.0) or having eaten chicken from a fast food outlet (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.0,7.7) compared to controls. Two positive S. Typhimurium 135 results were obtained through a chicken sampling survey conducted at four Supermarket A stores in Victoria. The results of this study were presented to industry and retail representatives, which facilitated better communication between these groups.  相似文献   

17.
  目的  分析贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的流行规律及特点,为预防和控制儿童青少年食物中毒事件的发生提供防控依据。  方法  收集贵州省2015—2019年食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件资料,对其核实整理并进行统计分析。  结果  2015—2019年贵州省0~19岁人群共发生植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件590起,中毒1 441人,死亡5人;中毒事件高峰在5月和9月,家庭和集体食堂是植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的高发场所,占总事件的90.68%(535/590);中毒原因食品最多的是毒蘑菇及马桑果,占71.69%(423/590),其中5起中毒死亡病例全部由毒蘑菇中毒引起。  结论  贵州省0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件中,乡镇及农村地区散居儿童、中小学生是中毒高发群体。应重点加强对农村地区儿童青少年有毒植物及毒蘑菇类中毒防控的宣传教育,减少相关中毒事件的发生。  相似文献   

18.
H Kassa 《Journal of environmental health》2001,64(5):9-12, 33; quiz 37-8
In 1999, in Toledo, Ohio, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among people who had attended a Christmas dinner banquet and had eaten food prepared by a local caterer. Overall, 93 of the 137 attendees (67.9 percent) reported illness. Eight sought medical care, and one was hospitalized. Case-control studies revealed that the illness was associated with eating tossed salad (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-6.26). Eleven of 12 stool specimens that were taken from ill people tested positive for a Norwalk-like virus (NLV) but were negative for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella. The primary source of the outbreak was not determined, but an infected food handler may have played a role in the transmission of the virus. The catering facility had been cited frequently for food safety and hygiene violations. None of the personnel or food handlers at this facility had been appropriately trained in safe food-handling practices, nor had the personnel at another local caterer that had prepared food items suspected of causing a multistate outbreak of NLVs. In Toledo, food service operations with trained personnel/food handlers received better inspection reports than food service operations without trained personnel and were less likely to contribute to foodborne outbreaks. Training of personnel and food handlers may be important for preventing outbreaks.  相似文献   

19.
On July 10, 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Health notified the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) of three culture-confirmed cases of Salmonella Litchfield infection with matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Data from PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, confirmed 11 cases (including the three from Pennsylvania) of this rarely identified Salmonella serotype in five states during a 5-week period; seven of the 11 patients had reported recent travel history to Atlantic City, New Jersey. This report describes the subsequent investigation led by NJDHSS and the Atlantic City Health Department (ACHD), which associated the outbreak with a hotel restaurant in Atlantic City. In all, 30 confirmed or probable cases of illness with S. Litchfield infection were identified among persons from eight states who had eaten at the hotel restaurant, including 10 restaurant food handlers. Investigators concluded that the outbreak most likely was associated with fruit salad, particularly the honeydew melon component, and that contamination likely resulted from an ill food handler. This investigation illustrates the potential for recurring food contamination by ill and asymptomatic food handlers and underscores the utility of PulseNet to link illnesses that might appear unrelated.  相似文献   

20.
陈斌  周伴群  焦亮 《现代预防医学》2012,39(15):3999-4000,4003
目的 寻找食物中毒的危险因素,探索预防和控制食物中毒的措施.方法 制定病例定义开展病例搜索.病例定义:自5月22日以来,台湾旅行团成员中出现腹泻(≥3次/24 h,粪便性状异常)或腹痛伴呕吐、发热之一症状者.病例搜索在所有旅游团成员中进行.开展病例对照研究,进行现场问卷调查,病例组选取全部病例,对照组选自旅游团中未发病者.使用多因素非条件Logistics回归分析数据,对粪便或肛拭子标本进行细菌培养检测.结果 共搜索到52例病例,76.92% (10/13)的病例标本副溶血弧菌培养阳性.发病时间分布呈点源传播模式,潜伏期19 h,Logistics回归显示鲜贝OR=4.3,95%CI=1.1~17.结论 这是一起副溶血弧菌引起的食物中毒;危险餐次是5月22日晚餐,危险食物是鲜贝.建议食品监管部门加强旅游餐饮的监管.  相似文献   

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