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1.
中国15城市儿童血铅水平及影响因素现况调查   总被引:51,自引:2,他引:51  
目的调查中国城市0~6岁儿童血铅水平,为制定防止环境铅污染,保护儿童健康政策提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在全国15个中心城市中采集0~6岁儿童末梢血17141份,采用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平,同时进行问卷调查。采用多元回归分析方法进行结果分析。结果中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为59.52μg/L,血铅水平≥100μg/L占10.45%,血铅水平≥200μg/L仅有0.62%。血铅水平有随着年龄增大而升高的趋势,男童的血铅水平均值(59.50μg/L)高于女童血铅水平均值(54.95μg/L)。多元回归分析表明:①儿童生活居住环境会影响儿童的血铅水平。②父母的文化程度和职业以及儿童生活或卫生习惯对儿童血铅有影响。③饮食以及营养状况也与儿童血铅水平有关。结论中国儿童血铅水平已有所下降,但仍高于发达国家儿童血铅水平,需要引起政府和全社会的重视。  相似文献   

2.
长沙市城区学前儿童血铅水平的调查   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
目的 了解长沙市3-5岁儿童血铅水平及影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样法对长沙市6所幼儿园521名3-5岁儿童取肘静脉血用电感藕荷等离子质谱仪(ICP/MASS)进行血铅测定,并对所有儿童的个人情况及家庭生活环境进行了问卷调查。结果 521名学前儿童血铅均值为37.24ug/L,≥100μg/L者55人,占被调查儿童数的10.56%,男童均值为40.38ug/L;女童均值为35.31ug/L,3岁组儿童血铅均值30.69μg/L,4岁组儿童血铅均值34.51μg/L,5岁组儿童血铅均值44.16μg/L。随着年龄的增长,血铅含量增加。结论 长沙市学前儿童血铅水平低于其它污染严重的地区,但部分儿童血铅含量过高仍是必须关注的问题。  相似文献   

3.
乡镇废旧蓄电池回收对环境和儿童血铅的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:分析某乡镇废旧蓄电池回收对环境和儿童血铅水平的影响,为治理环境、防止儿童中毒提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样方法,从高污染区、中污染区和相对清洁区分别选取5-9岁在校生进行血铅测定,并对其生活环境中空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦中铅的含量进行检测。结果:高污染区的空气、土壤和小麦铅污染最严重(均值分别为0.0163mg/m^3、1.1614mg/kg、7.9050mg/kg),饮用水铅含量虽低于国家卫生标准,但明显高于相对清洁区;中污染区的空气、土壤和小麦也受到一定程度铅污染(均值分别为0.0094mg/m^3、0.2910mg/kg、2.4275mg/kg),饮用水铅含量低于国家卫生标准(均值为0.0048mg/L);相对清洁区的空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦无明显铅污染(均值分别为0.00047mg/m^3、0.0534mg/kg、0.0032mg/L、0.3650mg/kg)。3组儿童血铅均值分别为532μg/L、452μg/L、126μg/L,3组间存在显性差异(P<0.05),且环境铅含量越高,儿童血铅水平越高。结论:该镇废旧蓄电池回收行业已造成区域性严重铅污染,致使儿童血铅明显升高,社会干预刻不容缓。  相似文献   

4.
太原市幼儿血铅水平与环境铅污染状况研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
目的:了解太原市幼儿血铅水平及环境铅污染状况。方法:用原子吸收法在质控条件下测定末梢血铅、空气、土壤及学习用品中铅的含量。结果:幼儿血铅均值为(0.637-1.388)μmol/L(几何均值0.498-0.982μmol/L),63%-92%的幼儿血铅≥0.4830644mol/L,两项皆以电池厂与煤气公司第一幼儿园为最高。3所幼儿园空气铅超标。土壤铅全部超标,也以上述两园为最高。学习用品中浅绿色桌面漆层含铅量为4094.5μg/g,超标15.4倍。结论:太原市幼儿血铅水平高、超标人数众多,应予以重视。土壤已被铅污染,可能是幼儿血铅高的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
河南省城市学前儿童血铅水平调查   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
目的 了解河南省城市学前儿童血铅水平及影响因素。方法 采用双阶整群抽样法对河南省3个城市8所幼儿园527名3~5岁儿童取肘静脉血,用微波消解电感藕荷等离子质谱仪(ICP-MASS)测定血铅。同时进行问卷调查,采取逐步回归分析方法进行分析。结果 527名学前儿童血铅均值为135,5μg/L,≥100μg/L426人,占被调查儿童数的80.83%,男性儿童均值为138.6μg/L;女性儿童均值为132.1μg/L,工业区儿童血铅均值149.4μg/L,非工业区儿童血铅均值120.3μg/L。相关分析表明:儿童居住地及幼儿园距主要交通干线、污染源的距离越近儿童血铅水平越高,血铅水平的升高使得儿童体格发育迟缓、思维判断和表达能力的发育方面延缓。结论 河南省学前儿童血铅水平明显高于附近省市,是污染较严重的地区之一。  相似文献   

6.
中国15城市0~6岁儿童铅中毒影响因素的研究   总被引:27,自引:1,他引:26  
[目的]通过调查中国15个中心城市0~6岁儿童铅中毒的影响因素,为制定防止环境铅污染,保护儿童健康政策提供科学依据.[方法]采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在全国15个中心城市中采集0~6岁儿童末梢血17 141份,采用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平.同时进行问卷调查.采用多元回归分析方法进行结果分析.[结果]中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为59.52μg/L,10.45%的儿童血铅水平≥100μg/L(1μmol/L=0.00 483μg/L).多元回归分析表明:儿童生活居住环境、父母的状况以及儿童生活或卫生习惯、饮食以及营养状况影响儿童血铅水平.[结论]儿童生活居住环境、父母的教育状况以及儿童生活或卫生习惯、饮食以及营养状况会影响儿童的血铅水平.应制定相关法规,降低环境铅水平,大力进行健康教育,合理营养.  相似文献   

7.
珠海市0~6岁儿童血铅水平的流行病学调查   总被引:28,自引:4,他引:24  
目的:了解珠海市0-6岁儿童血铅水平及影响因素。方法:采用严格质量控制的流行病学研究方法。于2000年1-7月对珠海地区、市区、农村、海岛、540例0-6岁儿童进行血铅水平测定及危险因素问卷调查。结果:540名儿童血铅水平平均数为182.08μg/L,(1μg/L=0.00483μg/L)。其中血铅≥100μg/L者占77.6%,市区和农村儿童血铅水平显著高于海岛(P<0.05)。结论:目前珠海地区儿童铅中毒流行率已较高,应该引起高度重视。  相似文献   

8.
王世光 《现代保健》2010,(33):170-171
目的探讨胶南市儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。方法使用原子吸收分光谱仪(北京博辉)测定末梢血全血铅含量。结果0~6岁儿童血铅水平平均浓度为43.3μg/L,其中≥100μg/L的占8.58%。不同性别间儿童血铅水平均值和铅中毒率差别有显著性,不同年龄组的儿童血铅水平均值随年龄的增长逐步上升。结论为降低儿童铅水平,应增加锌、铁供给,培养良好的卫生习惯和良好的饮食习惯,不吃含铅量高的食品,避免去铅污染严重的地方。  相似文献   

9.
刘壬通  黄良光 《现代保健》2010,(18):138-139
目的调查本地区儿童血铅水平及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用BH-2100钨舟原子吸收仪共检测5141份3~6岁儿童末梢血血铅含量,并对不同区域儿童的血铅水平、男女童血铅检测结果进行比较分析。结果城区组血铅水平为(69.05±23.90)μg/L;鞋工业乡镇组血铅水平为(75.85±26.40)μg/L;海岛山区组血铅水平为(65.29±22.00)μg/L;受检儿童中血铅浓度≥100μg/L有328例(6.38%);男童血铅水平高于女童,差异有显著性(P〈0.01)。结论儿童的血铅水平存在明显的区域差异,鞋工业乡镇组较高;应加强对儿童血铅筛查,防止铅污染环境而影响儿童健康;在儿童保健中应科学合理地推行铅中毒的防治,改善儿童健康教育状况。  相似文献   

10.
儿童铅污染防治效果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解我市儿童血铅水平,进一步探讨铅污染防治措施。方法采用随机抽样方法在海曙区、鄞州区、慈溪市、奉化市抽取0~6岁儿童1704例进行血铅水平测定、相关因素调查及环境样本铅测定。结果0~6岁儿童血铅均值为54.2μg/L、≥100μg/L者占9.33%,较5年前铅中毒发生率40.77%有明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。不同地域儿童的血铅水平有明显差异(P<0.01),慈溪市儿童的血铅水平较高与其环境样本铅含量较高相关。被动吸烟、经常喝色素饮料、不常剪指甲3个因素与儿童铅污染水平呈正相关。通过3~6个月的随访,有95%的轻度铅中毒儿童只对家人进行预防铅污染科普知识宣教,未加用任何药物干预,血铅水平降至100μg/L以下。结论宁波市经过5年的努力,儿童铅污染防治的效果明显。使用无铅汽油和对家长进行铅污染防治知识的健康教育,是降低儿童血铅水平有效的方法。  相似文献   

11.
Blood lead levels in children, China   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
To evaluate Chinese children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features, we collected articles on children's BLLs published from 1994 to March 2004 using the Chinese Biomedical Disc and reviewed 32 articles eligible for the following criteria: (1) BLLs measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live; and (4) sample size bigger than 100. We found that mean BLLs of Chinese children was 92.9 microg/L (37.2-254.2 microg/L), and 33.8% (9.6-80.5%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 microg/L. Nine of the 27 provinces or cities reported had average BLLs 100 microg/L. Boys' BLL was 96.4 microg/L, significantly higher than girls' 89.4 microg/L (P<0.001). BLLs of children 6 years increased with age. The mean BLLs of children living in industrial and urban areas were significantly higher than those of children in suburbs and rural areas. Our results suggested that children's BLLs in China are higher than those of their counterparts in other countries due to its heavy lead pollution. Therefore, this is of great public health importance.  相似文献   

12.
北京市0~6岁儿童血铅水平与相关影响因素的研究   总被引:41,自引:3,他引:38       下载免费PDF全文
目的 了解近期北京市 0~ 6岁儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法。 2 0 0 1年 5~ 7月调查北京市常住人口中 0~ 6岁儿童 2 2 62名。采用石墨炉原子吸收法进行微量血中铅含量的测定 ,并做相关因素问卷调查。结果 北京市 0~ 6岁儿童血铅水平均值为96.8μg L,血铅值≥ 10 0 μg L为 3 5.7% ,血铅值≥ 2 0 0 μg L为 2 .5%。农村儿童铅中毒为 43 % ,明显高于城区和郊区儿童。 2岁组铅中毒为 45.1%高于其他年龄组。男童血铅平均值 10 0 .2 μg L明显高于女童血铅平均值 93 .0 μg L(P <0 .0 1)。不喝或偶喝牛奶、居室距繁华马路≤ 50m、家庭居住 1层楼房或平房为儿童高血铅的主要危险因素。结论 目前北京市儿童血铅水平≥ 10 0 μg L的比例不容忽视 ,应对重点人群采取行之有效的干预措施  相似文献   

13.
目的:了解我区3岁~5岁幼儿体内血铅含量水平及其影响因素。方法:通过问卷调查掌握幼儿的生活环境、习惯及健康体征等背景资料,并对接受调查的幼儿进行血铅检测,最后根据调查资料对检测结果进行比较分析。结果:所有接受调查的183名幼儿血铅均值为53.22μg/L;一年内进行过房屋装修的家庭其幼儿血铅均值为63.44μg/L,明显高于受调查儿童的血铅均值;生长发育迟缓的儿童血铅均值为65.12μg/L,亦明显高于受调查儿童的血铅均值。结论:在所有调查的环境行为因素中,房屋装修是导致我区幼儿血铅水平较高的主要原因;血铅水平升高会导致儿童生长发育迟缓。  相似文献   

14.
中国农村地区儿童血铅水平分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 描述中国农村儿童血铅总体水平及分布特征,为改善农村铅污染状况提供依据.方法 通过计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库及相关文献追溯等途径,依照严格的入选标准收集并筛选国内1994-2008年10月公开发表的关于农村儿童血铅水平研究的文献进行分析.结果 我国农村儿童血铅均值为74.93μg/L(范围:41.14~193.54μg/L),铅中毒率为19.32%(范围:2.2%~43%).禁止含铅汽油使用后儿童血铅从87.53μg/L降至71.16μg/L(u=7.13,P<0.01),禁止含铅汽油使用前后农村儿童血铅水平均低于同时期全国儿童血铅水平.调整无铅汽油使用的影响后,北京、山东农村儿童血铅均值较高.分别为99.16和92.13μg/L;吉林、河北较低,分别为41.14和56.14μg/L;18篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和城市儿童的血铅均值分别为77.90和87.24 μg/L(u=3.73,P<0.01);8篇文献的综合分析显示,农村儿童和工业区儿童血铅均值分别为70.25和80.86μg/L(u=10.00.P<0.01).结论 农村地区儿童血铅水平低于全国总体水平,低于城市和工业区儿童血铅水平,推广无铅汽油后农村儿童血铅水平有了明显改善.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct. 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(l) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93μg/L (range:41.14-193.54 μg/L)and 19.32%(range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 μg/L. The rural children's BLLs changed from 87.53 μg/Lto 71.16 μg/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 μg/L and 92.13 μg/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 μg/L and 56.14 μg/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 μg/L and 87.24μg/L respectively (u=3.73, P<0.01 ). The comprehensive analysis of 8 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and industrial areas were 70.25 μg/Land 80.86 μg/L respectively(u=10.00,P<0.01). Conclusion The BLLs of rural children in China are lower than the general levels of children in China, and also lower than urban areas and industrial areas. Promoting lead free gasoline can make a considerable decrease in the blood lead levels of rural children.  相似文献   

15.
目的 了解铅污染事件发生村及周边单位儿童铅中毒、血铅超标状况与范围,分析血铅水平与年龄、性别关系及对儿童健康的影响,为进一步采取预防控制措施提供依据.方法 对污染源及周边环境进行调查;对事件发生村及周边单位14岁以下的221例儿童采集静脉血样、用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅;通过问卷调查了解儿童主要铅中毒症状,用SPSS 13.0进行统计学分析.结果 儿童高铅血症检出率66.06%(146/221),铅中毒检出率32.13%(71/221).该村一、二、三组及玉石厂儿童血铅水平分别为(161.20±32.94)、(176.60±43.62)、(258.00±106.08)和(238.01±55.20)μg/L,经Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验差异有统计学意义(χ2=51.84,df=3,P<0.01);三组和玉石厂组显著高于一组和二组.未发现儿童年龄与血铅水平存在相关性(r=0.10,P=0.13),但男女性别间血铅水平差异有统计学意义(t'=3.83,P<0.01).随血铅水平升高,儿童铅中毒主要症状发生率明显上升.调查表明污染源为一粗铅冶炼厂.结论 在粗铅冶炼厂周边居住的儿童血铅水平普遍增高,部分发生铅中毒,铅中毒对儿童健康造成了影响.  相似文献   

16.
高氟饮水与儿童血铅水平关系的流行病学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:了解高氟饮水对0~8岁儿童血铅水平的影响及特点。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对饮用不同含氟量水质的1 983例0~8岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定,并对可能影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素进行了流行病学调查分析。结果:调查儿童血铅范围在14.4~223.8μg/L之间,高氟饮水儿童血铅水平均数为93.0μg/L,饮用正常水质儿童血铅水平均数为80.4μg/L,两组差异显著;按照饮用水含氟量高低比较儿童血铅均数水平呈由高氟水到轻高氟水逐渐降低趋势。多元逐步回归分析亦显示饮用高氟水与血铅值相关。结论:高氟饮水是影响儿童血铅水平重要危险因素。  相似文献   

17.
Despite the widespread use of lead paint hazard control for children with lead poisoning, few controlled studies that estimate the effect of such control on children's blood lead levels have been published. This retrospective follow-up study examined the effects of lead hazard remediation and its timing on the blood lead levels of lead-poisoned children. From the New York City child blood lead registry, 221 children were selected who had an initial blood lead level of 20-44 micro g/dL between 1 July 1994 and 31 December 1996; were 6 months to 6 years of age; had a report of a follow-up blood lead test between 10 and 14 months after the initial test; had a lead-based paint hazard identified in the primary dwelling unit prior to the 10- to 14-month follow-up blood lead test; had resided or spent time at only one address with an identified lead-based paint hazard; and were not chelated. The decline in geometric mean blood lead levels from baseline to 10-14 months later was compared for children whose homes were remediated and whose homes were not remediated during the follow-up period. Regardless of remediation, geometric mean blood lead levels declined significantly from 24.3 micro g/dL at the initial diagnosis to 12.3 micro g/dL at the 10- to 14-month follow-up blood lead test (P<0.01). Among the 146 children whose homes were remediated the geometric mean blood lead levels declined 53% compared to 41% among the 75 children whose homes were not remediated by the follow-up blood lead test, a remediation effect of approximately 20% (P<0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, the remediation effect was 11%, although it was no longer significant. Race was the only factor that appeared to confound the relationship: Black children had higher follow-up blood lead levels even after controlling for other factors, including the natural logarithm of the initial blood lead level. The effect of remediation appeared to be stronger for younger (10 to <36 months old) than for older (36 to 72 months old) children (P=0.06). While children in homes with earlier remediation (within less than 3 months) appeared to have greater declines in blood lead levels at the follow-up test than children in homes with later remediation (after 3 or more months), this trend was not significant when controlling for confounding factors. The findings of this study suggest that early identification of lead-poisoned children and timely investigation and abatement of hazards contribute to reducing blood lead levels. However, the apparent effect is modest and further research is needed to systematically test and improve the effectiveness of lead hazard controls.  相似文献   

18.
丽水市区3~6岁儿童血铅水平与身高体重关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:了解丽水市区3~6岁儿童的血铅水平,并探讨儿童血铅水平对身高体重的影响。方法:于2005年4~6月对丽水市区2369名3~6岁儿童进行了血铅测定,同时进行身高、体重测量。结果:丽水市区3~6岁儿童铅中毒(血铅值≥100μg/L)检出率为13.55%,血铅水平为(64.0±38.3)μg/L;5岁年龄组儿童血铅均值(66.15±38.69)μg/L、铅中毒检出率17.41%,分别高于其他年龄组,均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。男女儿童血铅水平和铅中毒检出率均无显著差异,儿童血铅水平与身高体重无显著性相关。结论:3~6岁儿童血铅水平与身高体重无统计学意义,但儿童铅污染影响儿童身心健康,应对重点人群采取行之有效的措施,引起高度重视。  相似文献   

19.
目的:调查中国西北地区典型河谷型城市儿童行为,了解儿童家长对血铅问题的认识。方法对西北部典型河谷型城市0~6岁儿童及其抚养人进行采访调查,并填写调查问卷。用Excel 2010录入数据库,并用SPSS19.0进行数据统计与分析。结果部分儿童出现血铅超标症状,且经常接触彩色塑料玩偶或电动玩具的儿童出现血铅超标症状的概率较大。不同性别儿童行为差异较大,相较于女童,男童平均每天室外活动时间更长,平均每天洗手次数更少。父母文化水平越高,对孩子血铅水平越重视。不同城市父母对儿童血铅问题认知程度不同。结论西北地区典型河谷型城市,儿童血铅问题父母重视不够,宣传儿童血铅知识和血铅超标预防工作仍待加强。  相似文献   

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