国际体力活动问卷中体力活动水平的计算方法

介绍国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）长卷和短卷的结构、数据清理原则、体力活动水平计算方法和分组标准。通过实例分析,示范IPAQ长卷的具体计算过程。     

国际体力活动问卷中文版的信度和效度研究

目的 评价国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)中文版的信度和效度,提供体力活动水平测量工具。方法 系统抽样94名大学生,间隔3天重复调查检验信度;在39名自愿受试者中,用体力活动(PA)记录和Caltrac加速度计为参照标准检验效度。结果 长短卷各项体力活动组内相关系数均在0.7以上。长卷的体力活动能量消耗与PA记录接近。短卷一日总能量消耗低于PA记录和Cltrac监测值。两个问卷与PA记录的目标体力活动量达标一致率均在70％以上。长卷、短卷和PA记录的每天静坐时间差异无显著性。结论 IPAQ中文版在大学生中的重测信度和效度高于或等于同类问卷。长短卷检测体力活动量达标率与PA记录接近,短卷低估体力活动能量消耗。     

慢性失眠患者体力活动状况及影响因素分析

摘要：目的　研究慢性失眠患者体力活动状况及影响因素分析。方法　对象为中山大学附属第三医院精神
科门诊慢性失眠患者９０例及健康对照组８２例,研究组年龄（４０．３±８．４）岁,男性４２例,女性４８例,失
眠病程（４．０２±２．２５）年。采用国际体力活动问卷中文版长卷调查其体力活动状况。睡眠相关量表评定包
括匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表（ｐｉｔｔｓｂｕｒｇｈｓｌｅｅｐｑｕａｌｉｔｙｉｎｄｅｘ,ＰＳＱＩ）、Ｅｐｗｏｒｔｈ 嗜睡量表（ｅｐｗｏｒｔｈｓｌｅｅｐｉ
ｎｅｓｓｓｃａｌｅ,ＥＳＳ）、疲劳量表 １４ （ｆａｔｉｇｕｅｓｃａｌｅ,ＦＳ １４）、睡眠个人信念和态度量表（ｂｅｌｉｅｆｓａｎｄａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｓａ
ｂｏｕｔｓｌｅｅｐｓｃａｌｅ,ＤＢＡＳ）。结果　研究组体力活动活动活跃程度依次为： 低３９ 例（４２．９％）、中３４ 例
（３７．４％）、高１７例（１８．７％）,对照组依次为低１５例（１８．３％）、中３９例（４７．６％）、高２８例（３４．１％）,
两组差异有统计学意义（χ
２＝１２．２６８,犘＝０．０００）;对研究组体力活动活跃程度影响因素进行ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归
分析,结果显示,体力活动水平和ＤＢＡＳ分呈正相关,和ＰＳＱＩ分、ＦＳ １４分呈负相关（犘＜０．０５）。结论
　慢性失眠患者体力活动水平偏低,改善其睡眠质量、日间疲劳症状及纠正其歪曲认知可能有利于提高体
力活动水平。
关键词：失眠;体力活动;国际体力活动问卷
中图分类号：Ｒ７４　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０１ ００２４ ０４     

饮食习惯和体力活动对妊娠期糖尿病的影响

目的 探讨饮食习惯和体力活动对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响。方法 选择产科门诊确诊妊娠期糖尿病孕妇942列（GDM组）及其配对对照组作为调查对象,以问卷方式,对膳食史、饮食习惯和体力活动等情况进行回顾性调查。结果 GDM组每日膳食总热能、脂肪供热比、动物比脂肪百分比均显高于对照组（P＜0．05）;GDM组长期饱餐和喜甜食的比例显高于对照组（P＜0．05）;而GDM组平均体力活动量低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论 孕期高热能、高脂肪的膳食,喜饱餐和喜甜食和较少的体力活动是诱使发生妊娠期糖尿病的重要影响因素。     

国际体力活动问卷(自填式长卷)中文版在成都市女性人群中信度与效度的研究

目的 研究国际体力活动问卷(自填式长卷)中文版(IPAQ-C)在成都市12～44岁女性人群中应用的信度和效度.方法 采用整群抽样方式,按照被调查人群年龄分布选取成都市1个社区、1所大学、2所中学(高中和初中).参加者分别于第1、8、28天填写3次IPAQ-C,进行信度研究.参加效度研究者于第一次和第二次问卷填写之间每日填写Bouehard体力活动日记(PA),连续7 d,作为IPAQ-C的效度标准,与第二次IPAQ-C问卷结果进行比较.根据数据分布情况,计算Pearson相关系数或Spearman'相关系数,信度测定计算组内相关系数(ICC).结果 (1)参加信度研究者186人,全部完成第一次问卷填写,完成第二次和第三次问卷填写者分别143人(76.88%)、172人(92.50%).参加效度研究者158人,合格效度问卷143人(90.59%).(2)IPAQ-C信度:1周后重测信度的ICC为0.757～0.972(χ=0.870),1周后的重测信度高于3周和4周后的重测信度[ICC分别为:3周0.472～0.948(χ=0.721),4周0.473～0.925(χ=0.696)],3周和4周后的重测信度相似,重体力活动和闲暇时体力活动的组内相关系数最高(1周后分别为0.966、0.972).(3)IPAQ-C效度:IPAQ-C和PA日记相比,不同强度体力活动能量消耗、总体力活动能量消耗及静坐时间的相关系数为:r=0.445～0.696,重体力活动的相关系数最高(0.696).结论 IPAQ-C信度、效度较好,适合在成都市12～44岁女性人群中使用.     

3种体力活动测量问卷的效度研究

目的 使用计步器作为标准在泰州人群中评价国际体力活动短问卷中文版(IPAQ-S-C)、全球体力活动问卷中文版(GPAQ-C)以及总能量消耗问卷中文版(TEEQ-C)的效度,并分别比较IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C与TEEQ-C间的同时效度以及IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C之间的同时效度.方法 随机抽取泰州市5个乡镇社区300人,连续7d佩戴计步器,并在7d间隔期前后进行IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C和TEEQ-C两次调查.分别选择计步器和问卷作为标准考察效度.结果 最终进入分析191人.与TEEQ-C相比较,IPAQ-S-C和GPAQ-C一周重度体力活动的同时效度相关系数分别为为0.32 (P＜ 0.001)与0.28 (P＜ 0.001),其余各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数在0.4～0.6 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.GPAQ-C与IPAQ-S-C相比,各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数大部分在0.47～0.77 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.3份问卷测量的一周静坐时间、GPAQ-C测量的一周步行/骑自行车时间与计步器一周总步数的相关系数分别为-0.20、-0.24、-0.22和0.21 (P＜ 0.005).结论 IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C分别与TEEQ-C相比同时效度可以接受,IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C相比同时效度较好;计步器作为标准应用于问卷标准效度研究时需谨慎评价.     

小学生7天体力活动问卷信度和效度的评价

目的　评价小学生 7天体力活动问卷的效度和信度。方法　采用专题小组讨论、观察、专家咨询等方法设计问卷。随机选取北京市城区 4所小学的 4～ 6年级小学生 92名作为调查对象。采用重复实验评价问卷的信度 ,专家评价和Caltrac测量仪分别评价问卷的表面效度、内容效度和准则效度。结果　问卷重复实验的结果之间的一致性较高 ,Kappa值在46.3 %～ 78.9%之间 ,男生斯皮尔曼相关系数r值在 0 .66～ 0 .87之间 ,女生的r值在 0 .57～ 0 .82之间 ,P值均 <0 .0 1。问卷表面效度和内容效度较高 ,问卷结果与Caltrac测量仪结果之间在男女生中差异均无显著性 ,而且两种测量方法在男生中存在显著的正相关关系 (r =0 .46、0 .3 8)。结论　 7天体力活动问卷能可靠地测量北京市城区 4～ 6年级小学生的体力活动水平 ,能有效地测量 4～ 6年级小学男生的体力活动水平     

小学生1年体力活动问卷的可靠性和有效性验证

目的：设计一份能可靠、有效地测量小学生体力活动水平的1年体力活动问卷、为描述他们体力活动模式、研究体力活动与健康关系提供测量工具。方法：随机选取北京市城区4所小学的4－6年级小学生468名作为调查对象，采用专题小组讨论、观察、专家咨询等方法设计问卷，采用重复实验验证问卷的可靠性，Caltrac测量仪和家长评价验证问卷的有效性。结果：问卷重复实验的结果之间在男女生中呈显著正相关（偏相关系数r=0.39-0.70)。问卷结果与Caltrac测量仪之间在男女生中差异均没有显著意义，而且在男生中存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.38,0．65)；问卷与家长评价之间一致性较高（Kappa=68.6%).结论：1年体力活动问卷能可靠地测量北京市城区4－6年级小学生的体力活动水平，能有效地测量4－6年级小学男生的体力活动水平。     

基于能量代谢与体质量指数关系的体力活动问卷的信效度评价

[目的]评价中老年女性体力活动问卷的信度和效度.[方法]采用问卷调查、测量、数理统计等方法在西安城区进行了中老年女性体力活动问卷验证性研究.采用重复测量和分半法评价问卷的信度;再测分析法和确立一个效标来分别评价问卷的内容效度和效标效度.[结果]体力活动问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),相关系数在0.63～0.87之间.问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3 d的体力活动问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0.632.[结论]3 d的体力活动问卷的信度和效度均在0.63以上,能可靠有效地反映西安市城区中老年女性的体力活动水平.     

体力活动对中老年2型糖尿病患者身体状况的影响

2型糖尿病是一种由不良生活方式等引起的内分泌代谢性疾病。目前,我国尚未发布相应的以糖尿病等为代表的代谢性疾病的体力活动指南。本文在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,从体力活动时间、频率、强度,体力活动类型及环境因素等方面探讨了体力活动对中老年2型糖尿病患者身体状况的影响,以期为中老年2型糖尿病患者的康复提供参考及建议。     

Prevalence of physical activity in the European Union

Summary Objectives:This article is the second in a series of four that present data about physical activity in the 15 member states of the European Union collected by the Eurobarometer 58.2. The focus of this article is on days of vigorous and moderate physical activity, days of walking, and metabolic equivalence estimates (METs) for total physical activity from 15 member states of the European Union using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Methods:Data were collected in 2002 as part of the Eurobarometer by face-to-face interviews. A total of 16230 respondents age 15 years and older were interviewed. Sample sizes ranged about 1000 respondents in most nations. Physical activity was assessed with the last 7-days short version of the IPAQ.Results:: Median METs estimates in hours per week were the highest in the Netherlands (39.43 MET-hours/week), Germany (34.65 MET-hours/week in the eastern part, 33.90 MET-hours/week in the western part), and Luxembourg (31.55 MET-hours/week). The lowest METs estimates were reported in Northern Ireland (11.55 MET-hours/week), Sweden (18.65 MET-hours/week) and France (19.55 MET-hours/week).Conclusions:A comparison of the results with existing data on physical activity prevalence in the member states indicate some inconsistencies between studies which may be related to measurement problems, as well as to conceptual differences in the assessment of physical activity.     

Self-reported physical activity using International Physical Activity Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults with visual impairment

Background

Young people with visual impairment (VI) face many environmental barriers that influence physical activity.

上海市部分地区居民糖尿病患病状况调查

[目的]　了解本市居民的糖尿病患病情况。　[方法]　采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取本市3个区(分为市区和郊区)的1 222名18岁以上居民,通过检测血糖和询问病史的方法进行糖尿病患病率流行病学调查。　[结果]　根据WHO(1999)糖尿病及糖调节受损(空腹血糖受损及糖耐量受损)标准,本市部分地区18岁以上居民糖尿病和糖调节受损的标化患病率分别为4. 69%和1. 01%;糖尿病患病率随年龄增大而上升, 18~44岁组为2. 0%, 45~59岁组为8.0%,而60岁以上组高达14. 2%。市区和郊区的糖尿病标化患病率分别为5. 83%和3. 02%,差异有显著性意义。　[结论]　本市糖尿病负担严重,应针对人群特点,制定相应的宣教措施,加强病因预防。     

Health-enhancing physical activity across European Union countries: the Eurobarometer study

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the development of comparable national physical activity surveillance systems to assess trends within and amongst countries as the Global Strategy for Diet and Physical Activity is implemented. To date, the lack of well-standardised measurement instruments has impeded such efforts, but new methodologies are being developed for this purpose. This paper describes the usefulness of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in population samples. The Special Eurobarometer Wave 58.2 2002 covered physical activity and provided a good vehicle for assessment of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) in the European Union. Data from around 1,000 individuals in each of the 15 member states were collected after careful translation of the questionnaire. IPAQ scoring protocol version 2 was used for definition of activity categories. Data on the prevalence of sufficient total activity, sedentariness, frequent walking and sitting, in total and by gender across European Union (EU) countries showed consistent patterns. The prevalence of sufficient physical activity for health across the member countries was 29%. It ranged from 44% in the Netherlands to 23% in Sweden. The prevalence of sedentariness across countries was in general the mirror image. Regular walking was most prevalent in Spain. Gender was related to physical activity in that men were 1.6 times more likely than women to be sufficiently active, less likely to be sedentary and slightly more likely to sit for at least 6 hours daily. The findings suggest that two thirds of the adult populations of the European countries are insufficiently active for optimal health benefits. As the IPAQ measurement provides information about the patterns of total physical activity and inactivity, the findings indicate possibilities for targeted health promotion efforts.     

辽宁省成年人糖尿病患病现况及其影响因素分析

目的 描述辽宁省成年人糖尿病患病情况并探索相关影响因素,为制定适合本省的防治策略提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,对辽宁省17 857名成年居民进行问卷调查及体格检查,应用Logistic回归模型对糖尿病患病的相关因素进行分析。结果 辽宁省成年人糖尿病患病率为13.00%,糖尿病知晓率为61.84%,治疗率为71.31%,控制率为35.16%。年龄（45~岁：OR=1.824,95%CI：1.526~2.181;≥60岁：OR=2.077,95%CI：1.730~2.492）、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）分级（超重：OR=1.213,95%CI：1.096~1.343;肥胖：OR=1.547,95%CI：1.338~1.787）、自报血脂异常（OR=2.686,95%CI：2.308~3.126）和患高血压（OR=1.807,95%CI：1.630~2.004）是糖尿病患病的危险因素,农村居民（OR=0.866,95%CI：0.788~0.952）、受教育程度较高（高中：OR=0.859,95%CI：0.756~0.975;大专及以上：OR=0.678,95%CI：0.576~0.798）、中等收入水平（OR=0.738,95%CI：0.585~0.931）及饮酒（OR=0.779,95%CI=0.682~0.890）是糖尿病患病的保护因素。结论 辽宁省成年人糖尿病患病率和知晓率较高,治疗率和控制率较低,应针对重点人群采取有效措施积极干预。     

Perceptions of environmental opportunities for physical activity in the European Union

Summary Objectives:This article is the last in a series of four that present data about physical activity in 15 members states of the European Union collected by the Eurobarometer 58.2. The focus of this article is on the perception of environmental opportunities for physical activity across the European Union. Methods:Data were collected in 2002 as part of the Eurobarometer by face-to-face interviews. A total of 16230 respondents age 15 years and older were interviewed. Sample sizes ranged about 1000 respondents in most nations. Physical activity was assessed with the last 7-days short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results:Results indicate relationships between the perceptions of environmental opportunities; gross household income and physical activity level (in MET-hours/per week) of respondents. Respondents who reported lower income and less physical activity had also more negative perceptions of environmental opportunities. Across nations, respondents in Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Western Germany had the highest satisfaction with environmental opportunities for physical activity. In some nations, positive correlations between the perception of environmental opportunities and physical activity levels could be observed. Conclusions:Results show variations in the perception of environmental opportunities across the EU. Overall, the majority of respondents rated their environmental opportunities for physical activity favourable.     

Systematic review on the prevalence of diabetes, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity in Ghanaians and Nigerians

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity among Ghanaians and Nigerians in Africa, Europe and North America. METHODS: This systematic literature review used MEDLINE 1966--2005, EMBASE 1980--2005 and cited references to identify relevant studies on Ghanaians and Nigerians. RESULTS: No studies on Ghanaians or Nigerians in Europe or North America have been reported. Sixteen studies in Africa were included; 13 on Nigerians and three on Ghanaians. The data were limited, poorly reported and not easily comparable. Pooled analysis was not possible. Precise time trend analysis was not possible, but diabetes seemed rare at 0.2% in urban Ghana in 1963 and 1.65% in urban Nigeria in 1985. The prevalence of diabetes in Nigerian adults (age > or = 40 years) in 2000 was 6.8% [confidence intervals (CI) 4.6-9.0]. In Ghana, the prevalence of diabetes in adults (age > or = 25 years) was 6.3% (CI 5.6-7.0) in 1998. Obesity (body mass index > or = 30) among Nigerian adults was 8.8% (CI 7.0-10.6) in 2000, and obesity in Ghanaian adults (> or = 25 years) was 14.1% (CI 13.1-15.1%) in 1998. Various studies reported that 25-57% of Nigerians were physically inactive. CONCLUSION: Although weak, the evidence base points to a rise in diabetes prevalence in Ghana and Nigeria, with major urban-rural differences. There is an urgent need for accurate and comparable surveys on diabetes and its risk factors among Nigerians and Ghanaians. Effective public health policies are vital to control the diabetes epidemic.