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1.
Cristina Martínez Carlos Méndez María Sánchez José María Martínez-Sánchez 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):132-138
Objective
To assess attitudes towards the extension of outdoor smoke-free areas on university campuses.Methods
Cross-sectional study (n = 384) conducted using a questionnaire administered to medical and nursing students in Barcelona in 2014. Information was obtained pertaining to support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on university campuses, and the importance of acting as role models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine agreement.Results
Most of the students agreed on the importance of health professionals and students as role models (74.9% and 64.1%, respectively) although there were statistically significant differences by smoking status and age. 90% of students reported exposure to smoke on campus. Students expressed strong support for indoor smoke-free policies (97.9%). However, only 39.3% of participants supported regulation of outdoor smoking for university campuses. Non-smokers (OR = 12.315; 95% CI: 5.377-28.204) and students ≥22 years old (OR = 3.001; 95% CI: 1.439-6.257) were the strongest supporters.Conclusions
The students supported indoor smoke-free policies for universities. However, support for extending smoke-free regulations to outdoor areas of university campuses was limited. It is necessary to educate students about tobacco control and emphasise their importance as role models before extending outdoor smoke-free legislation at university campuses. 相似文献2.
Ramon Mir-Abellán Anna Falcó-Pegueroles María Luisa de la Puente-Martorell 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):145-149
Objective
To describe attitudes towards patient safety culture among workers in a hospital setting and determine the influence of socio-demographic and professional variables.Methods
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was distributed among a sample of professionals and nursing assistants. A dimension was considered a strength if positive responses exceeded 75% and an opportunity for improvement if more than 50% of responses were negative.Results
59% (n = 123) of respondents rated safety between 7 and 8. 53% (n = 103) stated that they had not used the notification system to report any incidents in the previous twelve months. The strength identified was “teamwork in the unit/service” and the opportunity for improvement was “staffing”. A more positive attitude was observed in outpatient services and among nursing professionals and part-time staff.Conclusions
This study has allowed us to determine the rating of the hospital in patient safety culture. This is vital for developing improvement strategies. 相似文献3.
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Objective
To explore what hospitals and primary care (PC) are doing to reduce the negative social impact of a serious adverse event (AE).Methods
We surveyed 195 hospital (n = 113) and PC (n = 82) managers from eight autonomous communities to explore the level of implementation of five interventions recommended after an AE to protect the reputation of healthcare institutions.Results
Most institutions (70, 45.2% PC, and 85, 54.8% hospitals) did not have a crisis plan to protect their reputation after an AE. Internal (p = 0.0001) and external (p = 0.012) communications were addressed better in PC than in hospitals. Very few institutions had defined the managers’ role in case of an AE (10.7% hospitals versus 6.25% PC).Conclusion
A majority of healthcare institutions have not planned crisis intervention after an AE with severe consequences nor have they defined plans to recover citizens’ trust after an AE. 相似文献6.
Anna Maria Ingelido Vittorio Abate Annalisa Abballe Fulvia Lucia Albano Tatiana Battista Valter Carraro Michele Conversano Rosa Corvetti Silvia De Luca Silva Franchini Anna Rita Fulgenzi Laura Giambanco Nicola Iacovella Anna Laura Iamiceli Antonio Maiorana Francesco Maneschi Valentina Marra Flavia Pirola Elena De Felip 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):378-386
Background
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that represent a major concern for women of reproductive age because of the neurodevelopmental effects associated to perinatal exposure.Objectives
This study was aimed at characterizing exposure of women of reproductive age to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs as a function of residence in different Italian Regions, in areas at presumable different environmental contamination and human exposure to these pollutants.Methods
Study participants were enrolled in 2011–2012 in 6 Italian Regions representative of Northern, Central and Southern Italy; in each region, areas at presumed different exposure (rural, urban and industrial) were selected for enrolment. Each participant provided a serum sample for the analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs.Results
Median concentrations of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, NDL6-PCBs and NDL9-PCBs in serum samples were respectively 6.0 and 3.5 pgWHO-TE05/g fat, and 75 and 93 ng/g fat.Age was the variable that most affected median serum concentrations.Age adjusted concentrations were found significantly different between geographical zones: women from Northern Italy showed the highest values, followed by Central and Southern Italy.PCDDs + PCDFs concentrations were significantly higher in the group of women residing in industrial areas compared to the group residing in rural areas.A clear diminishing temporal trend was observed compared to levels reported in previous studies.Conclusions
This study produced the largest dataset on serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in women of childbearing age in Italy.Results
confirmed that environmental and lifestyle factors may influence exposure to these contaminants and thereby the body burden.The observed marked temporal decline in body burden during three decades is in agreement with the general trend observed worldwide. 相似文献7.
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Cristina Vert Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides David Martínez Xavier Gotsens Nina Gramunt Marta Cirach José Luis Molinuevo Jordi Sunyer Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Marta Crous-Bou Mireia Gascon 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(6):1074-1080
Background
The association between exposure to air pollutants and mental disorders among adults has been suggested, although results are not consistent.Objective
To analyze the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and history of anxiety and depression disorders and of medication use (benzodiazepines and antidepressants) in adults living in Barcelona.Methods
A total of 958 adults (45–74 years old) residents in Barcelona, most of them having at least one of their parents diagnosed with dementia (86%), and participating in the ALFA (Alzheimer and Families) study, were included. We used Land Use Regression (LUR) models to estimate long-term residential exposure (period 2009–2014) to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance (PM2.5 abs), PM10, PM coarse, NO2 and NOx. Between 2013 and 2014 participants self-reported their history of anxiety and depression disorders and related medication use. The analysis was focused on those participants reporting outcome occurrence from 2009 onwards (until 2014).Results
We observed an increased odds of history of depression disorders with increasing concentrations of all air pollutants [e.g. an increased odds of depression of 2.00 (95% CI; 1.37, 2.93) for each 10 μg/m3 NO2 increase]. Such associations were consistent with an increased odds of medication use in relation to higher concentrations of air pollutants [e.g. an increased odds of antidepressants use of 1.23 (1.04, 1.44) for each 20 μg/m3 NOx increase]. Associations regarding anxiety disorders did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions
Our study shows that increasing long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the odds of depression and the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Further studies are needed to replicate our results and confirm this association. 相似文献9.
Maria Victoria Zunzunegui Emmanuelle Belanger Tarik Benmarhnia Milena Gobbo Angel Otero François Béland Fernando Zunzunegui Jose Manuel Ribera-Casado 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(4):313-319
Objective
To examine whether financial fraud is associated with poor health sleeping problems and poor quality of life.Methods
Pilot study (n = 188) conducted in 2015–2016 in Madrid and León (Spain) by recruiting subjects affected by two types of fraud (preferred shares and foreign currency mortgages) using venue-based sampling. Information on the monetary value of each case of fraud; the dates when subjects became aware of being swindled, lodged legal claim and received financial compensation were collected. Inter-group comparisons of the prevalence of poor physical and mental health, sleep and quality of life were carried according to type of fraud and the 2011–2012 National Health Survey.Results
In this conventional sample, victims of financial fraud had poorer health, more mental health and sleeping problems, and poorer quality of life than comparable populations of a similar age. Those who had received financial compensation for preferred share losses had better health and quality of life than those who had not been compensated and those who had taken out foreign currency mortgages.Conclusion
The results suggest that financial fraud is detrimental to health. Further research should examine the mechanisms through which financial fraud impacts health. If our results are confirmed psychological and medical care should be provided, in addition to financial compensation. 相似文献10.
Martin Emmert Fatemeh Taheri-Zadeh Benjamin Kolb Uwe Sander 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2017,121(1):17-26