The Rotterdam Scan Study: design and update up to 2012

Neuroimaging plays an important role in etiologic research on neurological diseases in the elderly. The Rotterdam Scan Study was initiated as part of the ongoing Rotterdam Study with the aim to unravel causes of neurological disease by performing neuroimaging in a population-based longitudinal setting. In 1995 and 1999 random subsets of the Rotterdam Study underwent neuroimaging, whereas from 2005 onwards MRI has been implemented into the core protocol of the Rotterdam Study. In this paper, we discuss the background and rationale of the Rotterdam Scan Study. We also describe the imaging protocol and post-processing techniques, and highlight the main findings to date. Finally, we make recommendations for future research, which will also be the main focus of investigation in the Rotterdam Scan Study.     

慢性病老年人养老方式选择的影响因素研究

目的 了解慢性病老年人养老方式选择的影响因素,为其提供合适的养老方式。方法 通过多阶段分层抽样调查厦门市60岁及以上常住老年人的人口学资料、养老方式选择及慢性病患病情况等,采用χ2检验和多分类Logistic回归分析慢性病老年人养老方式选择的影响因素。结果 1 276名老年人中慢性病患病率为61.4%,慢性病老年人（相比未患慢性病老年人）选择社区居家养老和机构养老的比例均较高。以家庭养老为参照,慢性病老年人选择社区居家养老与机构养老的影响因素分别是与子女关系、居住地、文化程度、婚姻、孤独感,独居、与子女关系、文化程度、年龄、居住地。结论 慢性病老年人养老方式选择仍以家庭养老为主,但较未患慢性病老年人低。独居、年龄、婚姻、居住地、孤独感是慢性病老年人养老方式选择特有的影响因素。     

Determinants of blood pressure among Indonesian elderly individuals who are of normal and over-weight: a cross sectional study in an urban population

Cardiovascular disease has become the first cause of death in Indonesia. The highest morbidity is found in the aged, and among cardiovascular disorders or diseases, the prevalence of hypertension is the highest. Many studies of the relationship between nutritional factors and hypertension have been conducted, especially with reference to the metabolic syndrome, but studies to understand determinants of blood pressure in Indonesia are lacking. There is an urgent need to gather information about various blood pressure risk factors in Indonesian elderly, which will allow policy makers to provide appropriate intervention programs. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate various determinants of blood pressure in Indonesian elderly using multistage random sampling. Data were collected through interview using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, and blood pressure measurements. Daily nutrient intake was analyzed using the World Food 2 Dietary Assessment Program. General Linear Model and Multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine determinants of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Monounsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, and sodium intake, plasma total cholesterol level, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol and a sport Index were determinants of blood pressure in the normal weight elderly individuals, while potassium intake, calcium intake and BMI were determination of blood pressure in the overweight elderly individuals.     

Vitamin K status in the elderly

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Poor vitamin K nutrition has recently been linked to several chronic diseases associated with abnormal calcification, which affect many elderly. To understand the impact of vitamin K nutrition on healthy aging it is necessary to assess both the determinants and the adequacy of vitamin K nutritional status of the elderly. RECENT FINDINGS: Overall, elderly persons consume more vitamin K than young adults. However, a subgroup of the elderly population does not meet the current recommended dietary intakes for this nutrient. The first meta-analysis evaluating the data on the role of vitamin K and bone health concluded that increased intakes of vitamin K are warranted to reduce bone loss and fracture risk among the elderly. Recent studies suggest that nondietary determinants of vitamin K status need to be factored into any discussion on the adequacy of nutritional status of the elderly. One promising area of research is the interrelationship between estrogen and vitamin K. SUMMARY: Evidence is emerging to support recommendations to increase intakes of vitamin K among the elderly to reduce bone loss and fracture risk. Much more research is required, however, to identify nondietary determinants of vitamin K status, and their impact on the elderly.     

The Rotterdam Study: objectives and design update

The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmological and endocrine diseases. As of 2008 about 15,000 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in some 600 research articles and reports (see ). This article gives the reasons for the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.     

中国老年人衰弱状况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析中国老年人衰弱状况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供借鉴。方法 利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011－2015年全国随访调查数据,以衰弱指数（FI）评价≥60岁老年人的衰弱状况。使用logistic回归分析进行影响老年人衰弱患病率的多因素分析。结果 中国老年人2011、2013、2015年的衰弱患病率分别为18.7%、20.6%和28.4%。女性、高龄的老年人FI更高。髋关节骨折、跌倒、饮酒>1次/月及不参加社会活动可能是衰弱的危险因素。结论 中国老年人衰弱患病率较高,且呈逐年上升的趋势。衰弱受不良事件和生活方式等多种因素的影响,应及早采取综合干预策略,延缓衰弱进程。     

口腔幽门螺杆菌感染与老年慢性牙周炎及消化疾病关系研究

目的 通过对60岁以上的老年人口腔幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter Pylori,HP)检测,探讨口腔幽门螺杆菌感染与老年慢性牙周炎及消化疾病的关系。方法 根据纳入及排除标准选取临床60岁以上的老年研究对象,根据是否伴有慢性牙周炎及消化疾病进行分组,采用幽门螺杆菌检定卡检测口腔HP,并计算各组数据。结果 老年慢性牙周炎患者口腔HP阳性率明显高于老年牙周健康者;有消化疾病患者口腔HP阳性率高于无消化疾病者。结论 老年慢性牙周炎与口腔HP感染具有正相关,消化疾病与口腔HP感染具有正相关。     

不同经济水平地区农村老年人健康状况及影响因素

目的了解我国东中西部农村老年人的健康状况及其影响因素。方法以2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据中3350名65岁及以上的农村老年人为研究对象,采用二分类Logistic回归模型,从社会人口、社会经济、生活方式以及卫生条件四方面探讨东中西部的农村老年人健康状况的差异及影响因素。结果东中西部的农村老年人健康状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),东部地区最好,西部地区最差。控制地区变量后,农村老年人的自评健康主要受社交活动、饮酒以及厕所是否可冲水的影响(P<0.05),而慢性病患病状况主要受年龄、医保、吸烟、饮酒及家中是否有自来水的影响(P<0.05)。结论促进东中西部地区的农村老年人的健康状况,需要进一步推进农村地区改水改厕工作,并为农村老年人进行社交活动创造良好的环境。     

Sub regional estimates of morbidities in the English elderly population

This study focuses on identifying the future trends and spatial concentrations of morbidities in the English elderly population. The morbidities to be estimated are: coronary heart disease; strokes; diabetes; cancer; respiratory illnesses and arthritis in the 60 year and older household residential population. The technique used is a spatial microsimulation of the elderly population of local authorities in England using data from the 2001 Census and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The longitudinal nature of the microsimulated population is then used to estimate the morbidity prevalences for local authorities in 2010/2011. With this knowledge, planners will be able to focus the available health and care resources in those areas with greatest need. For most of these morbidities, there is evidence of a strong correlation between the type of authority and the estimated prevalence rates.