The accuracy of parents' perceptions of children of divorceThe accuracy of parents' perceptions of children of divorce†

The present study investigated the relationship between the self‐reported attitudes and adjustment of young children of divorce (N = 48) and their parents' (N = 48) perception of this adjustment. When compared to a nuclear family control group (N = 49), the divorced parents were able to accurately assess their children's current attitudes about the family situation with the following three exceptions: child's self‐rating of feeling upset, sad or worried; current behavior problems at school; and estimates of father's emotional state. Analysis of errors made by the divorced parents revealed their tendency to over‐estimate the children's level of concern in these and other areas.

     

Validity of self-reports of psychopathology from children of 4–11 years of age

Abstract

Self-reports from children below primary age are rarely used in assessments of psychopathology. This study uses a version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), previously validated for children 11–15 years, to assess the internal validity of self-reports of psychopathology from primary aged children. The SDQ was completed by primary aged children (N?=?1118). The sample consisted of children who had been referred to a school counselling service. The internal validity and the factor analytical structure of the child self-reports was examined. Self-reports given by infant school-aged children (4–7 years) did not fit well with predicted factor structures, indicating that they may not have been able to report consistently or accurately on their own emotions and behaviour. However, results indicated that junior school-aged (7–11 years) children may be able to report accurately on their own symptomology. These children's reports appeared to distinguish well between internalising and externalising symptoms and fitted the hypothesized structure. However, there was some question of whether children are able to distinguish hyperactivity from other types of psychopathology. This study indicated that junior school-aged children may be able to report reliably on some aspects of their emotional and behaviour difficulties.     

Socio-political aspects of the implantation of the Transplant Center of Piauí

A qualitative study aiming at understanding the socio-political aspects that mediate the implantation of the Transplant Center of Piauí, identify the social topics involved in this implantation and analyze the participation of the organized civil society. Ten people directly related to the implantation of the transplant center were involved in the study, selected through the "snowball" technique. A loosely structured interview, taped, transcribed and submitted for thematic analysis was used. It was concluded that the implantation of the transplant center in Piauí was the fruit of a complex series of negotiations and interests among the State and organized civil society, as there was no political project for action in the area of transplants. This distancing from the responsibility of the public sector characterizes the importance that was given to this implantation.     

Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the implementation of Indoor Residual Spraying and distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in the municipality of Kouandé and municipality of Copargo in Benin

Background

In Benin, malaria was the leading cause of hospital consultation for children less than 5 years old (47.2%), and for all patients not hospitalized (42.3%). Its incidence among those who attended a health facility was respectively 42.9% and 17%. To address this problem, the National Program for the Fight against Malaria undertook, in 2011, a mass campaign of distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). In addition to this strategy, the program decided to implement Indoor Residual Spraying in 7 of the 9 municipalities of Atacora department, which is one of the most malaria endemic areas. The objective of this study was to see if adding the IRS to the LLINs (municipality of Kouandé) strategy is cost-effective, as compared to the LLINs-only strategy (municipality of Copargo), in highly malaria endemic areas.

Method

This study was a cross-sectional study of the implementation of the IRS from June 2011 to July 2011. Regarding the selection of health workers, managers of the malaria program, and partners of implementation of the IRS, a reasoned choice was made. The data collection consisted mainly of a series of interviews with people responsible for resource management and the exploitation of documents provided by them.

Results

After the implementation of LLNs + IRS the annual incidence of malaria in health facilities decreased significantly at Kouandé-Centre and at Guilmaro. In the same period it increased significantly at Copargo- Centre, and decreased at Pabégou.The average cost per malaria case prevented (CE) was respectively 85,572.4 FCFA at Copargo Centre, 38,932.6 FCFA at Kouandé Centre, 15,940.6 FCFA at Pabégou and 174,728.5 FCFA at Guilmaro. According to the results, the CE ratio at Kouandé-Centre is lower than the CE ratio at Copargo- Centre and the CE ratio at Guilmaro is higher than the CE ratio at Pabégou.The LLINs?+?IRS strategy is more cost effective in urban areas than the LLINs-only strategy. The opposite result is observed in rural areas.

Conclusion

The LLINs?+?IRS strategy is cost effective in highly endemic areas both urban and rural, if communities sleep in sprayed structures and use LLINs even when it is hot.

     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Councliors Qian Xinzhong, D. SC.(Beijing,China) Chen Minzhang, M. D.(Beijing,China) Liao Youmou, M. D.(Beijing,Chain)     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

COllllCil（）YQianXinzhong,D.SC.（Beijing,China）ChenMinzhang,M.D.（Be6ng,China）Li3OYOllffioll,MD.（eJing,CllinZI）HonoraryEditorinChieWuWeira血,M.D.（BeUng,China）WangBn’,.n,iD.（BeUng,China）EditorinchiefJiangZhuming,M.D.（ZhuMing。hang）（Beting,China）EditorialStaffHeRuixiang,MD.（BeUng,China）ZhangLingyuan,M.D.（e6ng,CI。na）SunZhongmin,MD.（Be6ng,China）wangGuiying,M.D.（Beting,China）AssociateEditorinChiefWangYu,M.D.（于b…ng,＊hna）XisSUISh6llg,M.D.…     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

CouncilorsQian Xinzhong,D.SC.(Beijing,China)Chen Minzhang,M.D.(Beijing,China)Liao Youmou M.D.(Beijing,Chain)Honorary Editor in ChiefWu Weiran,M.D.(Beijing,China)Wang Baoen M.D.(Beijing,Chain)     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Councilors Sheng Zhiyong, M. D. Jia Rumei, M. D. Qian Xinzhong, D. SC. (Beijing, China) (Shijiazhuang, China) (Beijing, China) Chen Xuecun, M.D. Wang Jifu, M. D. Chen Minzhang, M.D. (Beijing, China) (Guangzhou, China)     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Councilors Qian Xinzhong, D. SC. (Beijing, China) Chen Minzhang, M. D (Beijing, China) Liao Youmou, M. D. (Beijing, China)     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Councilors S邑eng Z回iyong’M.D.Jia Rumei,M.D. *【gg二ZgZ回OItg,D.*C.(Btuitg,*hna)G卜Uigzbuang,c卜m) (砰iiing,China)CMn Xuecun,M.D.Wang Jifu,M.D. Chen Minzhang,M.D.(Betting,China)(Guangzhou,China) (E吃iiing,China)Gu Z回uoyun,M.D、Z回ac Bing回u邑,M.D. I Liy Y00000,M,I)。(BOijin.China)(Taiyuan,China) O企iiing,China)Z回aug Siyuan,M.D.He Ruixiangng,M.D.Honorary Editor in Chief(Beijing,Chil。a)(Beijing,China) Wu Weiran,M、D.Huang De-clang,M.D.He Guizhen,丑.S. (Beliin…     

Decanting--a source of contamination of enteral feeds?

The techniques of opening and decanting ready-to-use enteral feeds packaged in bottles (crown-cap and screw-cap), cans and tetrapaks were evaluated as potential routes for the contamination of these feeds. It was found that the outsides of the feed containers, bottle openers, scissors and the experimenters' hands all acted as sources of contamination during the transfer of feeds to the nutrient container. The main source of contamination appeared to be the experimenters' hands with counts up to 10(2) cfu ml(-1) being recorded for feeds that had been decanted from screw-cap bottles, cans and tetrapaks by experimenters with either unprotected bare hands or hands experimentally contaminated with K. aerogenes. Levels of contamination and the number of samples contaminated after opening and decanting were consistently higher for cans and tetrapaks than for crown-cap or screw-cap bottles. Disinfection of feed containers followed by the use of sterile gloves and/or disinfected openers yielded bacteria-free feed from all the types of feed container studied.     

Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition

CouncilorsQian Xinzhong,D.SC.(Beijing,China)Chen Minzhang,M.D.(Beijing,China)Liao Youmou,M.D(Beijing,China)Honorary Editor in ChiefWu Weiran,M.D.(Beijing,China)Wang Baoen,M.D.(Beijing,China)Editor in chiefJiang Zhuming,M.D.(Zhu MingJiang)(Beijing,China)Editorial StaffHe Ruixiang,M.D.(Beijing,China)Zhang Lingyuan,M.D(Beijing,China)Sun Zhongmin,M.D.(Beijing,China)Wang Guiying,M.D.(Beijing,China)Associate Editor in ChiefWang Yu,M.D.(Beijng,China)Xia suisheng,M.D.(Wuhan,China)Deng Shiling,M.D.(Tianjin,China)Zhong Nanshan,M D.(Guangzhou,China)Chen Tingyuan,M.D.(Beijing,China)     

Nutritional quality of organic food: shades of grey or shades of green?

Consumer concern regarding possible adverse health effects of foods produced using intensive farming methods has led to considerable interest in the health benefits of organically-produced crops and animal products. There appears to be widespread perception amongst consumers that such methods result in foods of higher nutritional quality. The present review concludes that evidence that can support or refute such perception is not available in the scientific literature. A limited number of studies have compared the nutrient compositions of organically- and conventionally-produced crops, with a very small number of studies that have compared animal products (meat, milk and dairy products) produced under the two agricultural systems. Very few compositional differences have been reported, although there are reasonably consistent findings for higher nitrate and lower vitamin C contents of conventionally-produced vegetables, particularly leafy vegetables. Data concerning possible impacts on animal and human health of diets comprising organic or conventional produce are extremely sparse. Data from controlled studies in animal models, particularly within single species, are limited or poorly designed, and findings from these studies provide conflicting conclusions. There are no reports in the literature of controlled intervention studies in human subjects. Comparison of health outcomes in populations that habitually consume organically- or conventionally-produced foods are flawed by the large number of confounding factors that might contribute to any differences reported. If consumer perceptions regarding potential health benefits of organic foods are to be supported, more research of better quality is needed than that which is currently available.