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1.
Background Patient and public involvement in health care is important, but the existing definitions of the concept do not integrate the stakeholders’ own perceptions. Objective To investigate and compare service users’ and service providers’ own definitions of patient and public involvement and their implications. Design, setting and participants Qualitative study with mainly individual in‐depth semi‐structured interviews conducted between June 2007 and June 2009. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results A total of 20 patients, 13 public representatives and 44 health service providers/managers in both somatic and mental health care were interviewed. A common definition of patient and public involvement emerged: It is founded on mutual respect, carried out through dialogue aiming at achieving shared decision making. Nevertheless, users and providers assigned different values to the core aspects: Respect was imperative for service users and implied for providers, dialogue was a way to gain respect for service users and to achieve good outcome for providers, and both worried that the other party wanted to make sole decisions. Conclusions Users and providers need to consider that although they have a common definition of involvement in health care, they assign different values to its aspects. Increasing and improving patient and public involvement therefore requires knowledge on and dialogue between the parties about these differences.  相似文献   

2.
Approximately one-fifth to one-third of patients with adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) need intensive care in the course of their illness. This article provides an update and discussion on different levels of intensive care (inpatient treatment (IP), day patient treatment (DP) and home treatment (HoT)) in different health care systems based on recently published literature. Important issues discussed in this article are new recommendations for the refeeding process and the definition of target weight as well as principles of medical stabilization and psychotherapeutic approaches. The pros and cons of longer or shorter hospitalization times are discussed, and the advantages of stepped care and day patient treatment are described. A new promising intensive treatment method involving the patient, their caregivers and the direct home environment is introduced. Parents and caregivers should be included in treatment research to foster collaborative work with the attending clinicians. There is an urgent need to evaluate the mid- to long-term outcomes of various intensive treatment programs to compare their effectiveness and costs across different health care systems. This could help policy makers and other stakeholders, such as public and private insurances, to enhance the quality of eating disorder care.  相似文献   

3.
Omission of care in US nursing homes can lead to increased risk for harm or adverse outcomes, decreased quality of life for residents, and increased healthcare expenditures. However, scholars and policymakers in long-term care have taken varying approaches to defining omissions of care, which makes efforts to prevent them challenging. Subject matter experts and a broad range of nursing home stakeholders participated in iterative rounds of engagement to identify key concepts and aspects of omissions of care and develop a consensus-based definition that is clear, meaningful, and actionable for nursing homes. The resulting definition is “Omissions of care in nursing homes encompass situations when care—either clinical or nonclinical—is not provided for a resident and results in additional monitoring or intervention or increases the risk of an undesirable or adverse physical, emotional, or psychosocial outcome for the resident.” This concise definition is grounded in goal-concordant, resident-centered care, and can be used for a variety quality improvement purposes and for research.  相似文献   

4.
The immediate, common sense answer to the question, "Who is the NHS for?" would obviously be, "The patients who use it". This may well be the fundamental purpose of the NHS, yet it would appear that differing views of how this is to be achieved contribute to a misreading between stakeholders of each others' remit. The different positions taken by the two most important NHS stakeholders, the professional clinicians and the administrative managers, affect their definitions of, and therefore their attitudes to their own contribution to the purpose of the NHS. Suggests that before priorities in health care can be considered and discussed, let along be set, consensual agreement needs to be reached concerning the views of professional clinicians and managers of ways of achieving their vision of who the NHS is for.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: Although decline in functional status has been recommended as a quality indicator in long-term care, studies examining its use provide no consensus on which definition of functional status outcome is the most appropriate to use for quality assessment. We examined whether different definitions of decline in functional status affect judgments of quality of care provided in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) long-term care facilities. METHODS: Six measures of functional status outcome that are prominent in the literature were considered. The sample consisted of 15 409 individuals who resided in VA long-term care facilities at any time from 4/1/95 to 10/1/95. Activities of daily living variables were used to generate measures of functional status. Differences between residents' baseline and semi-annual assessments were considered and facility performance using the various definitions of functional status were described. RESULTS: The percentage of residents seen as declining in functional status ranged from 7.7% to 31.5%, depending upon the definition applied. The definition of functional status also affected rankings, z-scores, and 'outlier' status for facilities. CONCLUSION: Judgments of facility performance are sensitive to how outcome measures are defined. Careful selection of an appropriate definition of functional status outcome is needed when assessing quality in long-term care.  相似文献   

6.
Regulatory pressure is widely recognized as a problem in healthcare. At first sight the solution seems simple: discard rules and give caregivers more resources to provide personalized care. Based on qualitative research in four elderly care organizations in the Netherlands, this paper shows that regulatory pressure is a persistent problem that cannot be solved on an individual level, as it results from a disconnect between the work of different actors in the healthcare system. Drawing on concepts from Organization Studies, the paper shows that the work of caregivers, healthcare managers and external actors is often decoupled. Caregivers experience regulatory pressure when the origin and function of rules are unclear. The studied care organizations are experimenting with rules, reconsidering and creating functional rules. They do so by stimulating reflection among actors in the healthcare system, thereby recoupling their work. The findings suggest that recoupling can be achieved by creating comfort zones, focusing on stimulating debate between stakeholders on the functionality and origin of rules and aligning ideas about good quality care, the role different actors can play and the rules that are needed to accommodate this.  相似文献   

7.
G K Lam 《Health physics》1988,54(1):57-61
The current definition of dose equivalent for a mixture of radiations used in radiation protection implies some interaction between the radiations. This interaction cannot be derived from the existing biophysical models. A simple concept of interaction is introduced based on the postulate that in the chain of radiation inactivation events, there exists an intermediate stage where different initial lesions, produced by different radiations, become functionally indistinguishable. Hence, they are additive thereafter to produce the same end point observed. It can be shown that the definition of dose equivalent and the definition of average quality factors for mixed radiations can be derived from this concept. Furthermore, this simple concept can be shown to be consistent with many of the published experimental results in radiobiology using mixed radiations. The lesion additivity concept helps to provide both theoretical and experimental support for the otherwise arbitrary definitions of dose equivalent and average quality factor.  相似文献   

8.
By definition, value in health care is a function of the quality of care received and the costs associated with providing the care. One method used to optimize the value function is managed care. Unfortunately, some mechanisms of managed care have created an environment where the values of primary stakeholders are in conflict with one another. One such area is the patient-provider relationship. We first explore five patient-provider relationship models and review pressures created by managed care and their impact on the patient-provider relationship. Finally, examples of proposed, pending, and passed legislation to protect the patient-provider relationship are reviewed along with characteristics of the ideal model of patient-provider interaction.  相似文献   

9.
Prospective epidemiologic studies have characterized major risk factors for incident diabetes by a variety of diabetes case definitions. Whether different definitions alter the association of diabetes with risk factors is largely unknown. Using 1987-1998 data from the ongoing Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, the authors assessed the relation of traditional risk factors with 3 different diabetes case definitions and 4 fasting glucose categories. They compared the study protocol case definition with 2 nested case definitions, self-reported diabetes and a multiple-evidence definition. Significant differences in risk factor associations by case definition and by screening cutpoints were observed. Specifically, the magnitude of the association between the risk factors (baseline metabolic syndrome, fasting glucose, blood pressure, body mass index, and serum insulin) and incident diabetes differed by case definition. Associations with these risk factors were weaker with a case definition based on self-report compared with other definitions. These results illustrate the potential limitations of case definitions that rely solely on self-report or those that incorporate measured glucose values to ascertain undiagnosed cases. Although the ability to identify risk factors of diabetes was consistent for the case definitions studied, tests of novel risk factors may result in different estimates of effect sizes depending on the definition used.  相似文献   

10.
Telemedicine improves access to medical care. However, telemedicine will also increase market volatility because of its ability to stimulate price competition and the insidious way it shifts liability for providing medical services. To cope with increased volatility, other economic sectors have evolved commodities markets by making greater use of standardized forward/future contracts. In the past, the need for medical services to be produced and consumed locally and a lack of an objective definition for medical quality, prohibited the use of forward contracts for health-care services. However, telemedicine, and the increasing use of statistical definitions of medical quality now make standardized forward contracts for health-care services conceivable. Commoditization of teleradiology would offer several advantages including increasing market transparency, a mechanism for ensuring medical quality, and a means for bringing capital into the health-care sector. To reap the benefits of a commodities market in teleradiology, the key will be for market stakeholders to overcome their fear of the unknown in order to organize a central exchange.  相似文献   

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