男性不育症危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨男性不育症的危险因素，方法：对94对病例和对照1：1配比进行病例对照研究。结果：长期大量吸烟（OR＝3．45，95％ CI：1．95－6．10）、婚外性生活史（OR＝7．29，95％CI：2．54－20．89）、高温大棚蔬菜种植（OR＝6．73，95％CI：1．91－23．69）、苯类化学品接触（OR＝20．53，95％CI：4．67－90．25），解脲支原体感染（OR＝5．55，95％CI：2．8－13．533）与男性不育症有关联，为其危险因素，结论：男性不育症是由多种因素长期反复作用的结果，其预防应从整治环境污染，加强职业防护，提高自我防护能力，改变不良工作生活习惯等方面做起。     

北京市55岁以上人群体重指数与高血压及全死因死亡率的关系

目的：探索老年人体重指数（BMI）与高血压和死亡的关系。方法：1992年在北京市区和近郊山区，各随机抽取1个区／县，在所抽取的区／县采取分层、分段及整群抽样的方法抽取55岁以上人群2086名进行队列研究。结果：BMI随年龄的上升而下降，高血压患病率则随BMI和年龄的增高而上升。BMI与全死因死亡率呈负相关关系，BMI≥25．0和20．0－24．9组老人的死亡危险分别比BMI＜20．0组老人低62％（HR＝0．38，95，CI：0．29－0．49）和39％（HR＝0．61，95％；CI：0．49－0．75）；Cox多因素分析表明，在控制年龄、性别、地区（城乡）、高血压患病史、认知功能、健康自评等因素后，上述关系依然存在。结论；在老年人群不应过分强调减肥，但结果有待于进一步深入研究和证实。     

尿石症危险因素人群病例对照研究

目的 探索尿石症发病的危险因素，为人群预防提供依据。方法 选取深圳市尿石症现况调查发现的334例患者为病例组，721名健康者为对照组，进行尿石症危险因素人群病例对照研究；采用非条件logistic回归对34个变量进行分析，采用Falconer回归法估算遗传变。结果 尿石症病例组和对照组配比条件均衡可比，单因素logistic回归分析共有17个变量有统计学意义，但最终进入模型的因素有10个，其中4个变量为尿石症发病危险因素，OR值大小依次为既往泌尿系慢性炎症史（OR＝4.09,95%CI:1.38-12.14)，一级亲属尿石症史（OR＝2.61,95%CI:1.70-4.01)和多食动物蛋白质（OR＝2．14，95％CI：1．71－2．69），暴露日照时间长（OR＝1．39，95％CI：1．16－1．66）；而较高文化程度（OR＝0．46，95％CI：0．29－0．73），日引水量多（OR＝0．59，95％CI：0．48－0．72），饮果汁（OR＝0．41，95％CI：0．18－0．94），多食奶及奶制品（OR＝0．82，95％CI：0．68－0．99），多食蔬菜（OR＝0．70，95％CI：0．55－0．91）和多食水果（OR＝0．78，95％CI：0．64－0．94）6个变量为尿石症发病的保护因素。一级亲属尿石症患病率病例组高于对照组，尿石症分离比为0．0109，95％CI：0．0050－0．0168，一级亲属尿石症的遗传度为28．48％，男，女分别为32．06％和24．60％。结论 尿石症主要受饮食习惯影响，尿石症家族史和社会经济状况也与发病有关。     

贲门癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探讨贲门癌发生的危险因素，为深入进行病因学研究提供线索。方法：对福州市6所医院2000年和2001年4月至7月的住院病人603例进行多组病例对照研究。贲门癌组为病理、手术和胃镜确诊的贲门癌191例，非贲门部胃癌190例，健康对照组为与肿瘤病例同期住院的骨科、泌尿外科的非肿瘤病人222例。采用统一调查表进行床边询问，对资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析。结果：贲门癌的主要危险因素有一一级亲属患肿瘤（OR＝4．286 95％CI：2．431－7．554）、进食速度快（OR＝2．028 95％ CI：1．142－2．912）、三餐不按时吃（OR＝1．909 95％ CI：1．396－2．610）、饮用井水（OR＝1．741 95％CI：1．042－2．910）每日吸烟量多（OR＝1．347 95％CI：0．989－1．835）。主要保护 因素有：常吃新鲜水果（OR＝0．645 95％CI：0．439－0．945）、使用冰箱年数长（OR＝0．731 95％CI：0．536－0．997）、化程度高（OR＝0．468 95％CI：0．276－0．74）。结论： 贲门癌与非贲门部胃癌可能有不同的危险因素，值得进一步研究。     

隐睾发生的危险因素研究

目的：研究隐睾发生的危险因素。方法：采用以医院为基础的1：2配比的病例对照研究方法，按统一的调查方法对99例隐睾及198例对照组面对面问卷调查。应用SAS6。12软件对所调查因素进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析，结果：胎儿隐睾与母亲孕早期感冒伴发热（OR＝9．37，95％CI：2．25－39．09），孕期发生先兆流产（OR＝4．66，95％CI，2．02＝10．74），孕期发生先兆子痫（OR＝16．33，95％CI：1．40－191．20），父亲职业性接触农药（OR＝12．79％CI；2．90－56．43），低出生体重（OR＝5．77，95％CI：1．39－23．98），母亲怀孕年龄＜24（OR＝2．89，95％CI：1．29－4．06）呈正相关。结论：母亲孕早期感冒伴发热，孕期发生先兆流产及先兆子痫，父亲职业性接触农药，低出体重，母亲怀孕年龄＜24岁是隐睾发病的主要危险因素。     

影响准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后屈光度欠矫的多因素分析

目的：探讨各种因素与准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（LASIK）后屈光度欠矫的关系。方法：对行LASIK的近视患者696例中屈光度欠矫病例，按年龄、性别、职业、住址、近视时间、家族史以及手术前后全部检查资料分左右眼两组进行单因素χ^2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果：多因素条件logistic回归分析显示，左、右眼两组均与4种因素有关：近视时间（左眼组OR＝1．076，95％CI：1．030－1．124；右眼组OR＝1．093，95％CI：1．046－1．142）、近视屈光度（左眼组OR＝7．799，95％CI：1．755－34．654；右眼组OR－28．823，95％CI：5．750－144．467）、术前矫正视力（左眼组OR＝0．000，95％CI：0．000－0．262；右眼组OR＝0．000，95％CI：0．000－0．144）和角膜厚度（左眼组OR＝0．976，95％CI：0．965－0．987；右眼组OR＝0．975，95％CI：0．965－0．986）。结论：近视时间长，近视屈光度大是LASIK术后屈光度欠矫的危险因素；术前矫正视力好，角膜厚度厚是LASIK术后屈光度欠矫的保护因素。     

自杀未遂危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨自杀未遂的独立危险因素以及精神疾病在自杀行为危险因素中的相对重要性。方法：对就诊于综合医院的152例自杀遂者和按1：1匹配的对照组用自制问卷进行调查。结果：自杀未遂组患精神病的比例显著高于对照组（37．7％比4．0，配对X2．45．45，P＜0．001），条件logistic回归分析结果显示自杀未遂有三个独立的危险因素，急性应激强度大（OR＝67．47，95％，CI8．85－514．56），患有精神疾病（OR＝13．85，95％，CI 2．01－95．55），和负性生活事件在近一年对心理的影响程度大（OR＝5．40，95％CI 1．12－26．08），结论：精神疾病是导致自杀未遂的一个重要因素但不是必然因素，有必要制定出具有中国特色的全国性自杀干预计划。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病视网膜病变危险因素的探讨

目的：采用1：1配比的病例对照研究对DR患病的危险因素进行了初步探讨。方法：采用条件Logistic回归分析程序对105名DR病例和对照进行分析。结果：单因素分析显示：糖尿病病程,糖尿病诊断年龄,高血压,SBP,尿蛋白,使用胰岛素治疗与糖尿病视网膜病变有关。经多因素分析进入主效应模型的因素为病程,其OR＝2．32（95％CI：1．32－4．5）;SBP,其OR＝4．78（95％CI：1．83－12．52）;尿蛋白,其OR＝1．9％（95％:1．21－2．99）;胰岛素使用量,其OR＝1．98（95CI：1．05－3．74）。吸烟,饮酒,饮茶,运动锻炼,社会经济状况,看书时间,社会心理因素以及BMI与DR无关。结论：在糖尿病人群中,DR发生的危险因素为病程长,使用胰岛素治疗,尿蛋白增高和SBP增高。     

周家桥社区老年人慢性病及不良生活方式调查

目的了解周家桥社区老年人慢性病患病情况及主要不良生活行为，为制订相应的防治策略提供依据。方法以居委会为单位整群随机抽样，入户访谈获取老年人慢性病及相关资料。结果本组老年人慢性病总患病率为58．2％。疾病构成顺位依次为高血压、心脏病、脑血管疾病、高脂血症、慢性支气管炎等。老年人主要不良生活方式依次为低纤维饮食（67．52％）、缺乏锻炼（53．83％）、吸烟（21．13％）、高盐饮食（19．92％）、饮酒（12．73％）。结论老年人慢性病防治应列为神区卫生保健的重要内容，慢性病的防治应以健康教育和健康促进为基础，面向全人群，重在教育人们改变不良生活习惯。     

沈阳农村60岁以上人群良性前列腺增生危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨各种危险因素与良性前列腺增生（BPH）的关系。方法：采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究，病例组为沈阳市某郊区农村60周岁以上BPH患者，对照组为无前列腺增生（排除前列腺癌、前我腺炎等疾病）的老年男性，病例与对照各100例，单因素分析采用χ^2检验，多因素分析利用非条件logistic回归分析。结果：多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示BPH发病与下列5种因素有关：患前列腺炎（OR＝5．577，95％CI：2．147－14．482）；20世纪80年代初每月肉类摄入量（OR＝4．930，95％CI：2．404－10．111）；舒张压（OR＝1．050，95％CI：0．480－0．881）。结论：患前列腺炎、80年代初每月过多摄入肉类、舒张压高可能是BPH的危险因素；吸烟量大、饮酒量大可能是BPH保护因素。     

女性老年人认知障碍与死亡风险的相关性研究

目的 研究女性老年人认知障碍与其死亡风险之间的关系。方法 利用2002-2011年中国老年健康长寿跟踪调查数据,运用Cox回归模型,以是否认知障碍为因变量,调整基线人口学特征（年龄、性别、居住地、民族、婚姻和教育程度）和健康变量（日常生活能力、高血压、中风和糖尿病,以及乐观和快活）,分析女性老年人认知障碍与死亡风险的关系。结果 认知障碍组死亡风险是非认知障碍组的2.22倍（HR=2.22,95%CI:2.08~2.37,P<0.001）;在校正混杂因素后,认知障碍仍然与高死亡风险相关联（HR=1.14,95%CI:1.05~1.22,P=0.001））,农村女性认知障碍与高死亡风险无统计学意义（HR=1.09,95%CI:0.99~1.20,P=0.075）,城镇女性认知障碍仍然与高死亡风险相关（HR=1.21,95%CI:1.08~1.36,P=0.001）。结论 女性老年人认知障碍与高死亡风险相关,且具有城乡差异。通过干预影响认知障碍发生发展的因素,能够在一定程度上提高我国老年人的健康寿命和生活质量。     

Self ratings of health predict functional outcome and recurrence free survival after stroke

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To measure stroke victims' self rated health (SRH) status and SRH transition, and to compare how the two are prospectively associated with disability and recurrence free survival. DESIGN: Prospective case registry study with face to face follow up interviews at three months, one, two, and three years. Ascertained were SRH status and SRH transition using single question assessments, Barthel Index (BI), Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). SETTING: A multiethnic inner city population of 234 533. PARTICIPANTS: Patients surviving the initial three months after a first in a lifetime stroke in 1995 to 1998. RESULTS: Of 690 stroke survivors 561 (81.3%) could complete the self report items. Answers to the item on SRH status did not vary significantly between the four follow up interviews. However, responses to the item on SRH transition changed significantly during follow up with three months ratings being more negative than all subsequent ratings. SRH transition, but not SRH status, showed a prospective association with long term outcome in multivariate analyses controlling for the BI, FAI, and MMSE. Compared with all other patients, patients reporting "Much worse health" at three months were more likely to be disabled ( = BI<20) at one year (OR 6.29, 95% CI 2.26 to 17.52) and their combined risk of stroke recurrence and death was increased over five years (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.38). CONCLUSIONS: Items on SRH should be used with caution in populations with high rates of disability and language problems, as many participants are unable to complete them. SRH transition may be a better predictor of disability and recurrence free survival after major medical events than SRH status.     

Development in self-rated health among older people as determinant of social relations

AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse whether development in self-rated health (SRH) over four years was associated with the structure of and satisfaction with social relations, at four and eight years follow-up, among elderly women and men. METHODS: A longitudinal questionnaire-based study was undertaken of non-institutionalized Danes, aged 70-95 years, with baseline in 1986. The response rate at baseline was 69%, n= 1,231. First follow-up was carried out in 1990, with 91% of eligible individuals participating (n=911). Second follow-up took place in 1994, where 83% of eligible individuals participated (n= 542). The association was studied between development in SRH from 1986 to 1990 and social relations in 1990 and in 1994. RESULTS: A sustained poor SRH predicted low contact frequency OR= 1.7 (1.1-2.6), small contact diversity OR= 1.6 (1.0-2.6) and low contact satisfaction OR=3.4 (2.3-5.2) in the two-point analyses. Furthermore, a deterioration in SRH predicted poor contact satisfaction OR=2.8 (1.7-4.5). All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, mental health, functional ability, cohabitation status, and a measure of social relations at baseline. Results for the three-point analyses were similar to those for the two-point analyses. The associations were weaker for contact satisfaction OR=2.8 (1.7-4.7), but stronger for contact frequency OR=2.5 (1.4-4.4) and diversity OR=2.1 (1.2-3.6). CONCLUSION: Sustained poor SRH and, to some degree, deterioration in SRH were predictors of poor social relations after four and eight years.     

Repeated hospitalizations and self-rated health among the elderly: a multivariate failure time analysis

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent a single measure, self-rated health (SRH), independently predicts long-term hospitalizations due to all causes and to cardiovascular diseases by using both the standard Cox proportional hazards model and a more robust events model. The study cohort consisted of 2,812 elderly subjects residing in New Haven, Connecticut, who were followed from 1982 to 1996 as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, using the Cox model, a favorable SRH was associated with a significantly lowered risk for a first hospitalization for all causes (risk ratio (RR) = 0.850, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.774, 0.934) and congestive heart failure (RR = 0.599, 95% CI: 0.426, 0.841) but not for myocardial infarction (RR = 0.882, 95% CI: 0.565, 1.379). With the adjusted robust events model, a positive SRH was associated with a decreased risk in both a first (RR = 0.813, 95% CI: 0.744, 0.889) and a second (RR = 0.870, 95% CI: 0.782, 0.968) hospitalization for any cause. These results indicate that a single measurement of SRH predicts long-term patterns of hospitalization, especially for heart failure, among older adults.     

应用EQ-5D量表对北京房山农村中老年人慢性病患者生命质量及影响因素的研究

目的 研究高血压、糖尿病、冠心病和脑卒中四种常见慢性病(四病)对农村中老年人生命质量的影响,探讨其主要影响因素与特点.方法 采取整群抽样方法,对北京市房山区中老年人进行健康体检和流行病学问卷调查,采用欧洲五维度健康量表(EQ-5D)进行生命质量测量.应用Probit回归模型,以人群归因危险度百分比(PAR％)为核心指标,分析四病对生命质量各维度的影响及其控制的公共卫生学意义.结果 共调查5345名研究对象,72.1％患四病,慢性病患者的平均EQ-5D健康指数低于非患者,差异有统计学意义(t=15.082,P＜0.001).慢性病患者在各健康维度的生命质量问题比例均高于不患慢性病者(P＜0.001),主要问题集中于疼痛不适维度(20.4％).与不患慢性病者相比,冠心病患者在疼痛不适维度的相对危险升高了31.6％(RR=1.316,95％CI:1.205～ 1.436),脑卒中患者在自我照顾和平常活动维度相对危险分别升高了30.4％(RR=1.304,95％CI:1.104～1.541)和33.8％(RR=1.338,95％CI:1.151～1.555).四病对人群生命质量影响程度的PAR％分别为高血压31.05％、糖尿病4.84％、冠心病23.39％和脑卒中4.44％.结论农村社区中老年人冠心病患者在疼痛不适维度发生问题的风险最高,患脑卒中在自我照顾和平常活动维度发生问题的风险最高,冠心病患者发生健康状态不良的风险最大,对该地区控制高血压可以较大程度提高人群生命质量.     

我国中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用现况及影响因素分析

目的 分析我国中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用水平的现况及影响因素,为提高卫生服务利用水平提供参考意见。方法 从中国健康与养老追踪调查2015年的随访数据中筛选6 952例中老年慢性病患者,运用统计描述、χ²检验、Logistic回归模型分析其卫生服务利用的现况及影响因素。结果 中老年慢性病患者四周就诊率为24.14%,一年住院率为17.69%。logistic回归结果显示:性别(参考:女性,男性OR=0.79,95%CI:0.70~0.88)、自评健康状况(参考:差,优OR=0.31,95%CI:0.21~0.46;良OR=0.37,95%CI:0.28~0.49;中OR=0.55,95%CI:0.47~0.64;较差OR=0.66,95%CI:0.57~0.76)、抑郁状况(参考:差,优OR=0.55,95%CI:0.45~0.67;中OR=0.73,95%CI:0.60~0.90)、家庭总收入(参考:低收入,中等收入OR=1.20,95%CI:1.05~1.37;高收入OR=1.49,95%CI:1.19~1.87)对四周就诊率有影响;居住地(参考:农村,城市OR=1.42,95%CI:1.17~1.72;城乡结合部OR=1.34,95%CI:1.12~1.61)、年龄(参考:45~岁,50~岁OR=1.10,95%CI:0.89~1.35;60~岁OR=1.41,95%CI:1.15~1.73;70~岁OR=1.79,95%CI:1.44~2.22)、受教育程度(参考:小学及以下,初中OR=1.15,95%CI:0.98~1.35;高中OR=1.31,95%CI:1.06~1.63;大学及以上OR=0.90,95%CI:0.61~1.33)、自评健康状况(参考:差,优OR=0.27,95%CI:0.17~0.42;良OR=0.20,95%CI:0.14~0.28;中OR=0.32,95%CI:0.27~0.39;较差OR=0.47,95%CI:0.40~0.55)、抑郁状况(参考:差,优OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58~0.93;中OR=0.89,95%CI:0.70~1.12)、医疗服务满意度(参考:非常不满意,非常满意OR=1.61,95%CI:1.20~2.15;有点满意OR=1.59,95%CI:1.22~2.07;中立OR=1.24,95%CI:0.96~1.60;有点不满意OR=1.28,95%CI:0.96~1.70)、身体功能状况(参考:无障碍,有一些障碍OR=0.47,95%CI:0.24~0.93;严重障碍OR=0.81,95%CI:0.40~1.64)对一年住院率有影响。结论 我国中老年慢性病患者卫生服务利用的水平整体较高,但在性别、居住地、年龄、受教育程度、自评健康状况、抑郁状况、医疗服务满意度、身体功能状况、家庭总收入等变量之间存在差异。基层卫生机构要对中老年慢性病患者进行健康教育、心理疏导和康复训练,同时关注男性患者、受教育程度较低患者的就诊和住院情况。政府部门要积极推进城镇化建设,增加居民收入,改善就医环境。     

The joint association of self-rated health and diabetes status on 14-year mortality in elderly men and women

Purpose

Low self-rated health (SRH) has been found to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with mortality. We examined the possible interaction between SRH and diabetic state on all-cause mortality in a large cohort of elderly subjects, followed for 14 years.

Methods

During the years 2000–2004, survivors of the nationwide longitudinal Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension were interviewed and examined for the third follow-up. The 1037 participants (mean age 72.4 ± 7.2 years) were asked to rate their health as: excellent, good, fair, poor, or very poor. Glucose categories were as follows: Normoglycemic, Prediabetes, T2D and Undiagnosed diabetes. Survival time was defined as the time from interview to date of death or date of last vital status follow-up (August 1, 2013). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed in order to assess whether SRH interacts with glycemic state in the association with mortality.

Results

A better SRH was reported by those with undiagnosed than known diabetes, and best for normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals. While all individuals with fair or poor/very poor SRH were at increased risk of mortality compared to those with excellent/good SRH, in the known diabetic individuals a greater hazard was observed in the excellent/good SRH (HR 3.32, 95 % CI 1.71–6.47) than in those with fair or poor/very poor SRH (HR 2.19, 95 % CI 1.25–3.86), after adjusting for age, sex, ethnic origin, marital status, education, BMI, physical activity, CVD, tumors, and creatinine level (p for interaction = 0.01).

Conclusions

Self-rated health is not a sensitive tool for predicting mortality in elderly men and women with known T2D.

     

健康生态学视角下我国60岁及以上老年人自评健康的影响因素研究

目的 基于健康生态学视角,探讨我国60岁及以上老年人群自评健康的影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,以CHARLS 2015的387例60岁以上老年人为研究对象。采用logistic回归分析老年人自评健康的影响因素。结果 老年人自评健康比例仅28.2%。童年健康状况不好（OR=2.928, 95%CI: 2.298~3.826）、住宅商用（OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.024~2.281）、居住地为农村（OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.164~1.85）、夜间睡眠时间（OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.828~0.91）、饮酒（OR=0.735, 95%CI: 0.583~0.927）、戒酒（OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.301~2.665）、人际交往（OR=0.791, 95%CI: 0.651~0.962）、工作类型非农业（OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.44~0.84）、住房有洗澡设施（OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.669~0.999）与老年人自评健康有关。结论 需要将老年健康干预时间前移,并从个体到环境因素加强对老年健康的干预。     

两种自评健康方法的可靠性比较

目的探讨不同方法自评健康与客观健康的相关性。方法结合职业健康检查,对自愿接受“健康管理”问卷调查的730名工厂员工近年来检查的生理生化指标改变情况、疾病史和自评健康状况进行调查,分析以自身为对照和以同龄人为参照的自评健康与客观健康的相关性。结果年龄和性别与自评健康有关,年龄增加,自评健康变差,男性自评健康水平高于女性,文化程度与自评健康无关;血压、血糖、血脂或体重任一指标是否升高或增加与自评健康无显著相关,但近年来检查的生理生化指标稳定自评健康都显著偏好;是否患有高血压、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、慢性胃肠炎或肥胖任意一种疾病只与自己最近健康状况的自评健康显著相关,相对于患上述任意一种疾病者,未患上述疾病者自评好和很好的OR值分别为2．38（95％CI：1．42-3．98）和3．58（95％CI：1．65—7．76）,而和与同龄人比的健康状况无关。结论采用以自身最近健康状况为参照的自评健康较为合理。     

Lifelong socioeconomic trajectory and premature mortality (35-65 years) in France: findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Studies conducted in the UK and Scandinavia show an inverse association between lifetime socioeconomic position and adult mortality. However, there are virtually no data from other countries and few investigations have examined non-cardiovascular mortality in men and women. METHODS: Lifelong socioeconomic trajectories (father's occupation, own occupation in young adulthood and in mid-life) and premature (< or = 65 years) mortality (all-cause, smoking-related cancer, diseases of the circulatory system and external causes) in the French GAZEL Cohort Study (14,972 men and 5,598 women, followed up between 1990 and 2004) were studied. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox's regression models adjusted for age, marital status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS: Men and women who experienced lifelong disadvantage or downward intergenerational mobility were at high risk of dying prematurely compared with those with a favourable trajectory (age-adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality: cumulative disadvantage: HR 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 2.06 in men and HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.47 in women; downward mobility: HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.58 in men and HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.75 in women). Associations were strongest for mortality due to chronic diseases (smoking-related cancers and diseases of the circulatory system). These associations were partly explained by marital status, body mass index, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and fruit and vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS: In France, where the leading cause of premature death is cancer, lifelong socioeconomic position is associated with the risk of dying before the age of 65 years. Adult factors seem more relevant than childhood socioeconomic circumstances.