同时接触甲苯和二甲苯对女工某些神经行为功能影响的研究

目的 探讨甲苯，二甲苯接触对女工神经行为功能的影响。方法 采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（NCTB）对接触甲苯，二甲苯的65名女工和非接触甲苯，二甲苯的53名女工进行了神经行为功能测试，采用个体采样器测定接触工人一个工作班次甲苯，二甲苯的时间加权平均浓度。结果 接触组与对照组在情感测试（POMS）各项，数字跨度，简单反应时（平均反应时，最快和最慢反应时），手提转捷度，目标追踪的错误打点数差异均存在显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 职业性甲苯，二甲苯接触对女工的神经行为功能可产生一定的影响。     

某油漆厂混苯作业对女工白细胞影响五年观察

为了解女工接触混苯作业对其白细胞影响的情况，对某油漆厂各主要生产岗位的苯、甲苯、二甲苯空气浓度进行了检测，对作业女工的末梢血白细胞总数做了动态观察（１９８７年至１９９１年），并以正常女性为对照，结果油漆生产女工白细胞总数显著低于正常女性（Ｐ〈０．００１）。提示即使车间空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度在现行国家卫生标准范围内，也能对作业女工健康造成一定的影响。     

某油漆厂混苯作业对女工白细胞影响五年观察

为了解女工接触混苯作业对其白细胞影响的情况,对某油漆厂各主要生产岗位的苯、甲苯、二甲苯空气浓度进行了检测,对作业女工的末梢血白细胞总数做了动态观察(1987年至1991年),并以正常女性为对照,结果油漆生产女工白细胞总数显著低于正常女性(P<0.001);提示即使车间空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度在现行国家卫生标准范围内,也能对作业女工健康造成一定的影响。     

混苯对职业人群神经行为功能的影响

混苯（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）在工业用途上日益广泛，对人群健康影响早已熟知。为了进一步探讨混苯对人群神经行为功能损害的早期敏感指标，本文应用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为功能核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）对三个厂６９名混苯接触者和３１名无毒物接触史的工人进行神经行为功能的...     

接触甲苯、二甲苯人群计算机神经行为测试结果分析

[目的 ]　通过使用计算机神经行为测试系统项目的测试 ,探讨甲苯、二甲苯对职业工人神经行为功能的影响。　 [方法 ]　采用中文版神经行为测试系统中 9个测试项目和 3套不同参数的方案对职业性接触甲苯、二甲苯的 58名工人和对照组 70名工人进行测试。同时对作业环境空气中混苯浓度和作业工人尿中马尿酸水平进行测试。　 [结果 ]　作业环境中甲苯浓度 0 .81～ 1 71 .2 2mg/m3,平均 51mg/m3。二甲苯为 4 .57～ 1 60mg/m3,平均 2 0 .4mg/m3。心算、目标追踪、连续识别记忆、视简单反应时和注意力调转项目接触组和对照组差异有显著性。　 [结论 ]　甲苯、二甲苯可引起职业接触工人心理运动能力、计算能力、记忆能力和协调能力的改变     

长期接触低浓度混苯对作业工人健康的影响

目的探讨苯、甲苯、二甲苯（简称三者为混苯）对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择龙岩市某公司下属的造漆厂接触混苯的作业工人186名作为接触组，选择该公司油脂厂不接触混苯的作业工人106名作为对照组进行调查，并测定了作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度。结果接触组高血压检出率高于对照组（X^2=10．27，P〈0．01），白细胞减少的检出率高于对照组（X^2=6．57，P〈0．05）。结论长期接触混苯可能导致血压升高和白细胞减少，随着接触时间的延长，高血压和白细胞减少有上升的趋势。     

混苯作业对女工月经机能的影响

苯、甲苯、二甲苯（简称混苯）对人体的危害被人们所重视,通过对某汽车生产过程中,接触混苯作业女工进行调查,对浸漆、喷漆、刷漆工种的女工月经机能影响以及作业环境毒物浓度进行了分析。１调查对象选择从事喷漆、浸漆、刷漆等工种,工龄１年以上者１６７人,为接触组。本厂车工,铣工、钳工、装配等女工１６０人,为对照组。２　调查内容及方法２．１对选定的女工询问一般情况,职业史,作业情况,月经史及生育史记入统一的《女工苯作业工人调查表》。２．２在正常生产情况下,于女工作业区域呼吸带采样分析苯、甲苯、二甲苯的含量。３…     

石油化工企业常见毒物对作业女工生殖结局影响的调查

目的探讨石油化工企业常见毒物中丙烯腈、二甲基甲酰胺、丁二烯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯及汽油对女工生殖结局的影响。方法对接触丙烯腈女工３９１名、接触二甲基甲酰胺及丁二烯女工４７名、接触混苯３６４名、接触汽油２４９名进行生殖危害流行病学调查。结果接触丙烯腈女工妊娠恶阻、早产、新生儿出生缺陷、死胎死产率的发生率明显高于对照组,并有统计学意义;接触二甲基甲酰胺及丁二烯女工妊娠恶阻、自然流产、早产发生率高于对照组,有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）;接触混苯女工妊娠恶阻、贫血、自然流产发生率高于对照组,且有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）;长期接触汽油女工先兆流产、自然流产的发生率明显高于对照组,并有统计学意义。结论丙烯腈、二甲基甲酰胺、丁二烯、混苯和汽油对作业女工生殖机能有危害。     

职业性接触混苯对神经行为功能的影响

职业性接触混苯对神经行为功能的影响郭棣华，林福永，童家期以甲苯、二甲苯为主夹杂少量苯作为溶剂或稀释剂在工业生产上得到广泛使用。为了监护接触混苯工人的健康，探索混苯对人体神经系统的早期损害，我们对某厂接触混苯工人的神经行为功能进行了测试。１．受检对象：...     

低浓度混苯对作业工人生殖机能的影响

苯、甲苯、二甲苯是常见的工业毒物,三者往往同时存在于生产环境中,接触混苯的人数较多。曾有报道接触混苯的女工自然流产率及出生缺陷发生率显著高于对照组〔１～３〕,为保护作业工人及后代的健康,我们对低浓度混苯作业工人进行生殖机能流行病学调查。现将结果报告如...     

苯系混合物对男工精液质量的影响

为了解苯系混合物对男性生殖机能的影响，对从事制鞋、油（喷）漆等接触苯系物的２４名男工的精液质量进行了调查。结果表明：在作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准的情况下，部分工人的血液、精液中可检测出苯系物，而对照组未检出。苯系物对男工精液质量有一定影响，表现为精液液化时间异常（＞３０分钟）的百分比例增高，精子活率、活力则下降。同时，精液液化时间与精浆中甲苯水平呈正相关，而精子活率、活力则与工龄呈负相关。提示：接触苯系物使作业男工的精液质量和精子质量均受到损伤。     

Effect of benzene, toluene, xylene on the semen quality and the function of accessory gonad of exposed workers

The effects on semen and the function of accessory gonad of workers after short and long term exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene were examined. The semen and blood of 24 married workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene were collected. Routine sperm characteristic, acrosin activity, and Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) relative activity were detected. The results showed that benzene, toluene, and xylene were found in the blood and semen of some ex-workers at workplaces where the air concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylene exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). No such solvents were detected in the blood and semen of workers of the control group. The sperm vitality and sperm motility decreased in the exposed workers. The mean acrosin activity, gamma-GT activity and LDH-C4 relative activity in the exposed workers were lower, and fructose concentration was higher than those in the control. There were negative correlations between sperm vitality, sperm activity, acrosin activity, or LDH-C4 relative activity and working history. These results suggest that the mixture of these solvents could affect the sperm and the function of accessory gonad. This might be one reason of the abnormal pregnancy outcome among the wives of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene.     

低浓度苯、甲苯和二甲苯对接触工人健康的影响

目的探讨低浓度"三苯"(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)对作业工人的健康危害。方法对接苯工厂作业场所中"三苯"浓度进行测定,以439名三苯接触工人为苯接触组,以338名非接苯工人为对照组,对2组工人进行职业健康检查并对体检资料进行对照分析。结果接苯工厂内各检测点的"三苯"8 h时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)及短时间接触浓度(C-STEL)的检测值均低于国家标准。苯接触组工人白细胞计数下降检出率为14.58%,非接触组为8.88%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组工人血红蛋白含量下降检出率为19.59%,非接触组为8.28%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组女工白细胞计数下降检出率为18.07%,男工为10.53%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组女工血红蛋白含量下降检出率为32.53%,男工2.63%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组男工血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常率为7.89%,女工0.80%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组不同工龄工人白细胞计数下降及血红蛋白含量下降存在线性剂量-反应关系。结论长期接触低浓度的"三苯"也会损害作业工人的身体健康,应加强防护措施,加大健康监护力度。     

混苯作业女工尿液发育毒性的体外监测

采用小鼠腹水型肉瘤细胞会抑制试验监测混苯作业女工缩尿液的体外发育毒性，分别收集接触组和对照组６例女工班未尿液１００ｍｌ，用ＸＡＤ－２树脂进行浓缩。另以乙醇和甘氨酸为阳性和阴性对照进行方法学验证。     

孕期接触苯系混合物对子代智力发育影响的研究

本文进行了女工孕期接触苯系混合物对子代智力发育、身体素质与动作技能发育影响的研究。结果表明,在苯、甲苯、二甲苯稍高于车间空气最高容许浓度的条件下,女工的3～6岁子女的言语、认知和社会认知3项能力的合计评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),接触组4岁及5岁儿童的言语、认知、社会认知及身体素质与动作技能4项能力的合计评分也显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。提示,孕期接触苯系混合物对子代的智力发育可能有一定影响。     

Neurobehavioral and respiratory symptoms of formaldehyde and xylene exposure in histology technicians

Disturbances of memory, mood, equilibrium, and sleep that occurred simultaneously with headache and indigestion, were experienced more frequently among women working in histology who had daily exposure to formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene than in unexposed female clerical workers working in the same hospitals. Neurobehavioral symptoms were accompanied by irritation of eyes, upper airways, and trachea. Formaldehyde exposure correlated better with neurobehavioral symptoms and with respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms than did exposure to xylene/toluene or to other agents.     

苯系混合物对女工妊娠经过及妊娠结局影响的研究

对接触苯系混合物的女工737人及对照女工1251人的妊娠经过及妊娠结局进行了调查,应用回顾性队列研究方法。结果表明,孕期接触苯系混合物女工的妊娠剧吐、妊高征、妊娠期贫血、自然流产及低出生体重发生率明显高于对照组。Logistic回归分析表明,妊高征、妊娠期贫血、自然流产、低出生体重的发生主要与接触苯系混合物有关联,与妊娠年龄、妊娠时被动吸烟等因素无关。接触组女工所在车间空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的年平均浓度接近或超过国家卫生标准1～2倍。     

2013年高密市制鞋用胶粘剂对作业工人外周血象影响的调查

目的了解制鞋用胶粘剂对作业工人外周血象的影响,探讨保护工人健康的策略。方法 2013年从高密市66家制鞋企业中选择直接接触胶粘剂的515名工人作为接触组,从食品加工企业中选择年龄、性别具有可比性的600名工人作为对照组,对其外周血象进行比较。结果在作业场所苯、甲苯、二甲苯的平均浓度分别为5.85、30.63、2.52mg/m3的环境下,接触组工人外周血的白细胞、中性粒细胞、红细胞、血小板的绝对平均值较对照组偏低（P〈0.01、〈0.05）,而淋巴细胞和血红蛋白无差异（P〉0.05）,接触组工人不同工龄间比较中,工龄〉3年的作业工人血小板计数明显低于工龄〈1年的。结论工人在接触低浓度苯系化合物的环境中,会对其外周血的白细胞、中性粒细胞、红细胞、血小板造成影响,如长期接触,血小板的降低更为显著。     

Leukocyte agglutinins in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary A leukoagglutination test and a cytotoxic test with leukocytes were performed on 76 workers exposed to occupational contact with benzene, toluene and xylene (52 men, 24 women); the possibility of contact with these substances was eliminated in 41 persons in the period directly preceding the examination, and blood samples were collected from 35 persons in the course of the exposure. In the first group the presence of leukocyte agglutinins for autologous leukocytes was found in only one person and in the second group in 10 persons. The increase of leukoagglutination titer of sera after their incubation with benzene, toluene or xylene was also demonstrated. This suggested the occurrence of allergic blood dyscrasia in some persons exposed to benzene and its homologues.     

Evaluation of neuropsychological symptoms and exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene among two different furniture worker groups in Izmir

This study was conducted to determine whether there was any exposure to toluene, xylene and benzene and to assess the health impact of these solvents on workers in furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This cross-sectional study covered furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This study was comprised of an exposed group consisting of workers engaged in painting and varnishing and therefore exposed either directly or indirectly toluene, xylene and benzene in the workplace and the non-exposed group engaged in other aspects of production. While a total of 261 individuals completed questionnaires, 210 workers agreed to provide blood samples. Blood solvents levels were determined using gas chromatograph at Ege University, Intoxication Research and Application Centre. The modified EUROQUEST questionnaire was used to assess neuropsychological symptoms and neurological and general examination were performed. Occupational and exposure history, demographic and work-related information was collected. In this study of workers, blood toluene and benzene levels were found to be significantly higher among those engaged in painting and varnishing compared to those who perform other tasks. The average blood toluene and benzene concentrations among exposed workers were 6.95 times and 1.64 times respectively higher than those in the nonexposed groups. Smokers and participants who worked in excess of 8 hours/day had higher blood toluene and benzene levels. The most frequently work-related health complaints were back pain, allergies and asthma. No differences were found in the average scores in the neuropsychological symptoms questionnaire between exposed and non-exposed groups. Neurological examination of two individuals with these complaints revealed a loss of reflexes. The workers were unaware that they were being exposed to solvents at work. Tobacco smoke is a major source of internal exposure to benzene. Improving working conditions in furniture work places is a priority.