基层医疗保健机构孕产妇保健服务利用现状与相关因素分析

目的 探究影响孕产妇利用保健服务的相关因素,并结合地区实际,提出了相关建议和措施.方法 对在我院进行保健服务的1558名孕产妇进行调查分析,结合实际情况用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行系统分析.结果 文化程度、家庭年收入水平、居住地距离、职业和医保等因素对孕产妇保健服务利用影响较大;同时,在1 558名受访者中,接受孕前保健指导的比率相对较低,早孕检查、5次以上产检率和住院分娩率结果相对较高,说明近几年来孕产妇对保健服务利用的意识有所提高,但产后访视比例仅为21.76％,比例较低.结论 针对当前现状,研究认为,个人、基层医疗保健机构及卫生管理部门等各方应当分别在提高认识水平、提高服务水平及加强基层系统建设等方面进行改善,以提高孕产妇保健服务的利用,提高优生优育水平.     

Health insurance and health services utilization in Ireland

The numbers buying private health insurance in Ireland have continued to grow, despite a broadening in entitlement to public care. About 40% of the population now have insurance, although everyone has entitlement to public hospital care. In this paper, we examine in detail the growth in insurance coverage and the factors underlying the demand for insurance. Attitudinal responses reveal the importance of perceptions about waiting times for public care, as well as some concerns about the quality of that care. Individual characteristics, such as education, age, gender, marital status, family composition and income all influence the probability of purchasing private insurance. We also examine the relationship between insurance and utilization of hospital in-patient services. The positive effect of private insurance appears less than that of entitlement to full free health care from the state, although the latter is means-tested, and may partly represent health status.     

A comparison of the health status and health care utilization patterns between foreigners and the national population in Spain: New evidence from the Spanish National Health Survey

The increasing proportion of immigrants in Spanish society is placing pressure on the National Health Care System to accommodate the needs of this population group while keeping costs under control. In the year 2000, a law was approved in Spain according to which all people, regardless of their nationality, are entitled to use health care services under the same conditions as Spanish citizens, provided that they are registered in the local population census. However, empirical evidence about differences in health status and health care utilization between the immigrant and the Spanish population is insufficient. This paper uses the 2003 and 2006 Spanish National Health Surveys to explore the existence of inequalities in health and in the access to health services for the immigrant population living in Spain, relative to that of Spaniards. Our results show that there are different patterns in the level of health and the medical care use between the national and the foreign population in Spain: while immigrants' self-reported health relative to that of the Spanish population depends upon individual nationality, all immigrants, regardless of their nationality, seem to face barriers of entry to specialized care. Further research is needed to understand the nature of these barriers in order to design more effective health policies.     

三级医院在线医疗社区使用情况研究——以北京市为例

目的:分析三级医院在线医疗社区使用情况,为三级医院互联网医疗的发展和医疗资源优化配置提供依据。方法:选取北京市三级医院为研究对象,使用Python语言设计网络爬虫程序爬取好大夫在线医疗社区中北京市医疗机构和医生的网页信息,使用频数、百分比、均值等统计指标,运用t检验、方差分析等方法,构建多重线性回归模型,分析三级医院在线医疗社区的使用情况。结果:公立三甲医院和高级职称医生是在线医疗社区医疗服务的主要提供者。与在线医疗社区医生累计帮助患者数相关的因素包括医院类别、医生所在科室、医生职称、推荐热度、感谢信数和礼物数。结论:在线医疗社区拓展了三级医院提供医疗服务的途径,提高了三级医院优质医疗资源的可及性和利用率,对于促进医疗服务的连续性具有一定的积极意义。应鼓励三级医院积极利用现有商业在线医疗社区或自行搭建在线医疗社区平台。     

Health services utilization of people having and not having a regular doctor in Canada

Canada having a universal health insurance plan that provides hospital and physician benefits offers a natural experiment of whether continuity of care actually provides lower or higher utilization of services. The question we are evaluating is whether Canadians, who have a regular physician, use more health resources than those who do not have one? Using two statistical methods, including propensity score matching and zero‐inflated negative binomial regression, we analyzed data from the 2010 and 2007/2008 Canadian Community Health Surveys separately to document differences between people self‐reportedly having and not having a regular doctor in the utilization of general practitioner, specialist, and hospital services. The results showed, consistently for all two statistical methods and two datasets used, that people reportedly having a regular doctor used more healthcare services than a matched group of people who was self‐reportedly not having a regular doctor. For specialist and hospital utilization, the statistically significant differences were in the likelihood if the service was used but not in the number of specialist visits or hospital nights among users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Costs and disability among stroke patients

BACKGROUND: The high costs of health and social care support for stroke survivors, and the development of new service arrangements, have concentrated growing attention on economic issues. However, there are few data on costs and their association with levels of disability. METHODS: Secondary analyses of data from the OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys) Surveys of Disability conducted in the mid-1980s were used to examine service utilization and costs for more than 1000 people who have had a stroke. Costs were estimated for all health and social care services. Regression analyses examined the cost-disability association in the context of other covariates for people living in private households. RESULTS: Disability problems were common among stroke survivors, particularly in relation to locomotion, self-care and holding. Among people living alone, the major contributors to costs were in-patient care (Pound Sterling 27 per week) and home help (Pound Sterling 30 per week). Among people living with others, in-patient hospital care was also a major cost (Pound Sterling 28 per week). Other services costing more than Pound Sterling 5 per week were general practitioner consultations, hospital out-patient care and day centre attendances. Resource use patterns varied considerably. Costs were associated with severity of disability, time since stroke and whether the person was living alone. Looking at the overall balance of care, a greater proportion of stroke survivors with severe disability were resident in communal establishments. CONCLUSION: The analyses provide a baseline from which more recent local studies and evaluations can be compared. Key issues for economic studies of stroke are the inclusion of a broad range of services, a reasonable duration of follow-up and consideration of the impact of the substitution of informal for formal services.     

Determinants of health service use and expenditure among the elderly Finnish population

Background: There is a need to identify significant determinantsof physician and public health nurse visits, hospital in-patientand home care, use of prescribed medication and total expenditureamong elderly people for planning of health policy. Methods:The data were obtained from three annual computer-assisted telephoneinterview surveys in 1992–1994. Each year a systematicsample of approximately 2,300 non-institutionalized people aged25-79 years were interviewed. The 60-79 year old respondentswere included in our analysis (n=1,707); the response ratesin this age group were approximately 75% each year. In thisstudy we tested the suitability of four regression models: Poisson,negative binomial, logit plus zero-truncated Poisson and logitplus zero-truncated negative binomial. Results: The use of servicesincreased with age, particularly hospital in-patient and homecare. Although women were more likely to use services, particularlyprimary care, their share of total expenditure was lower thanthat for men. Significant predictors of higher expenditure wereown personal doctor, other specific doctor, perceived healthstatus, psychosomatic symptoms, chronic illness and difficultiesin functional ability. Those living alone had significantlyhigher expenditures. Conclusion: It emerged that, while a largenumber of elderly people had used services, only a small minorityhad accounted for the majority of expenditure. Although thepersonal doctor system may produce high quality of care, itcannot achieve cost savings.     

Determinants of the use of maternal health services in rural Bangladesh

Utilization of health services is a complex behavioral phenomenon. Empirical studies of preventive and curative services have often found that use of health services is related to the availability, quality and cost of services, as well as to social structure, health beliefs and personal characteristics of the users. In this paper an attempt is made to examine the factors associated with the use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh on the basis of data from a survey of maternal morbidity in Bangladesh, conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Research for Promotion of Essential and Reproductive Health and Technologies (BIRPERHT). The results from both the bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed the importance of mother's education in explaining the utilization of health care services. Female education retains a net effect on maternal health service use, independent of other women's background characteristics, household's socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services. The strong influence of mother's education on the utilization of health care services is consistent with findings from other studies. Women whose husbands are involved in business/services also positively influenced the utilization of modern health care services. However, the study results are inconclusive with respect to the influence of other predisposing and enabling factors, such as women's age, number of previous pregnancies and access to health facilities. Multivariate logistic regression estimates do not show any significant impact of these factors on the use of maternal health care. The influence of severity of disease condition in explaining the utilization of maternal health care appears to be significant. Multivariate analysis indicate that women having had a life-threatening condition are little over two times more likely to seek care from a doctor or nurse to treat their maternal morbidities.     

Contextual Determinants of Maternal Health Care Service Utilization in Nigeria

Despite the high maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria, the use of maternal health care services is very poor. Attempts to explain this situation has focused on individual level factors and the influence of community contextual factors have not received much attention. This study examined the relation of community factors to the use of antenatal care in Nigeria, and explored whether community factors moderated the association between individual characteristics and antenatal care visits. Data were drawn from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey among 16,005 women aged 15–49 years who had had their last delivery in the five years preceding the survey. Results from multi-level models indicated that living in communities with a high proportion of women who delivered in a health facility was associated with four or more antenatal care visits. Residence in high-poverty communities decreased the likelihood of antenatal care attendance. Living in communities with a high proportion of educated women was not significantly related to antenatal care visits. Community factors acted as moderators of the association between educational attainment and antenatal care attendance. Improvement in antenatal care utilization may therefore be enhanced by targeting poverty reduction programs and increasing health facility delivery in disadvantaged communities.