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1.
浅谈目前我国开展全科医学教育的原则及途径   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文简要阐述了全科医学学科产生的背景及概念,分析了我国目前基层卫生人力资源状况,提出了目前我国开展全科医学教育的4项原则及4种基本途径。  相似文献   

2.
医疗器械临床试验是最直接最有效地检测医疗器械性能的方式,贝尔蒙报告是对基本的道德原则及方针的陈述,用来帮助在解决涉及人体实验对象的科研中所产生的道德问题。本文从贝尔蒙报告角度来审视医疗器械临床试验的伦理问题,介绍了贝尔蒙报告产生的背景概念和医疗器械临床试验的概念及基本流程;贝尔蒙报告中的三项原则尊重个人、善行和平等公正原则在医疗器械临床试验中的体现以及针对贝尔蒙报告来解决医疗器械临床试验中产生的伦理问题的重大意义。通过知情同意的具体体现、对风险和好处的评估及受试者的选择和研究成果的分配三方面来解决临床试验中产生的伦理问题。  相似文献   

3.
根据行政处罚及有关卫生法律、法规的规定,结合卫生行政执法的实际,提出我国卫生行政听证的几项基本原则,即公开原则、职能分离原则、回避原则和记录原则,并进行了有益的探讨。  相似文献   

4.
论卫生行政听证的基本原则   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
行政执法实际,提出了我国卫生行政听证的几项基本原则,即职能分离原则,案卷排他性原则,回避原则、公开原则.  相似文献   

5.
按照财政分权理论,公共卫生政府间责任分担的主要原则为受益原则、规模效应原则、收入再分配原则以及基本公共卫生服务可及原则。据此,对公共卫生政府间责任进行了理论划分;随后考虑财政分权理论假设与我国现实的差距,对公共卫生政府间责任的理论划分情况进行了调整。  相似文献   

6.
周嫱 《医疗设备信息》2014,(10):135-136
本文阐述了超声诊断仪的基本结构和工作原理,分析了超声诊断仪故障检修需要注意的问题,包括故障产生的原因、故障的特征、检修的原则和检修的方法,并结合实践论述了超声诊断仪的常见故障及维修方法。  相似文献   

7.
生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液产生量的控制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从产生来源与主要影响因素出发,阐述了生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液产生量控制的重要性及控制工程措施和设计的基本原则.  相似文献   

8.
IMDRF组织修订《医疗器械安全和性能的基本原则》(以下简称《基本原则》),进一步推动了国际医疗器械安全有效认识的统一。为加强医疗器械技术审评科学性,加深对《基本原则》的理解,对《基本原则》进行介绍,重点阐述其在我国医疗器械注册法规体系中的作用,以及与质量管理体系建设、风险受益判定以及注册申报的联系,分析其在医疗器械注册申报实际应用中存在的问题及原因,并为促进《基本原则》的应用,提出相关建议。  相似文献   

9.
《黄帝内经》以“中和”为中心思想,以中医基础理论为指导,从饮食作用、饮食养生原则、方法及禁忌等几方面入手,建立起中医饮食养生的基本理论体系,并对后世中医养生学的研究产生了深远的影响。从饮食养生的原则、作用以及饮食养生材料三个方面探究《黄帝内经》中对饮食养生的相关论述。  相似文献   

10.
李凌 《社区卫生保健》2004,3(5):334-336
我国社区卫生服务的内涵符合并反映了现代医学模式强调“群体”与“健康”的理念,提供“六位一体”的服务,体现了我国卫生服务管理的基本原则和指导思路。但目前发展很不平衡,需要有效协调管理部门及现行政策之间的关系。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The repeatability and validity of a questionnaire for upper limb and neck complaints were assessed in a population of 105 hospital outpatients with a range of upper limb and neck disorders (including cervical spondylosis, adhesive capsulitis, lateral epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon). Subjects were asked to complete a modified Nordic-style upper limb and neck discomfort questionnaire on two occasions closely spaced in time. The repeatability of their responses was assessed by calculating a kappa coefficient (kappa), and the sensitivity and specificity of component items in the questionnaire were determined for specific diagnostic categories of upper limb and neck disorder. Symptom reports for pain in the upper limb and neck, pain interfering with physical activities, neurological symptoms and blanching were all found to be highly repeatable (kappa = 0.63-0.90). A number of regional pain reports proved to be very sensitive in relation to specific upper limb disorders, but, with the exception of reported finger blanching in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, none proved to have a good specificity (range = 0.33-0.38). We conclude that a modified Nordic-style questionnaire is repeatable and sensitive, and is likely to have a high utility in screening and surveillance. However a complementary examination schedule of adequate specificity and repeatability is essential to establish a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

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