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1.
《Nutrition reviews》1980,38(8):275-277
Short-term supplementation with oral zinc increased circulating vitamin A and retinol-binding protein levels in children with protein-energy malnutrition and presumed zinc deficiency, but not in children with a predominantly dietary vitamin A deficiency.  相似文献   

2.
1. alpha 2HS-glycoprotein accumulates in bone and dentine and its plasma levels could vary in conditions in which the rate of bone formation is altered. 2. The plasma concentration of this protein was found to be lower in thirteen children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition compared with age-matched healthy preschool children. 3. This finding might be associated with the phenomenon of stunting in protein-energy malnutrition.  相似文献   

3.
Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeHis) was determined in children suffering from severe and moderate degrees of protein-energy malnutrition before and after treatment. Excretion of 3-MeHis was decreased both in children with severe protein-energy malnutrition and during undernutrition and increased considerably after treatment. The results suggest that there is a quantitative as well as a qualitative change in 3-MeHis metabolism in protein-energy malnutrition. A sensitive index for studying muscle protein metabolism is not available so far. Studies reported herein seem to suggest that 3-MeHis may fulfill such a requirement.  相似文献   

4.
1. Rats fed on a protein-depleted diet for 8 weeks were repleted for 5 weeks on high-protein (HP), high-protein + 20 g DL-carnitine/kg (HP + C), or low-protein + 20 g DL-carnitine/kg (LP + C) diets. At 4 and 8 weeks of depletion, and 1 and 5 weeks of repletion, rats from each treatment group were given a benzoic acid tolerance test (BATT) or a cinnamic acid tolerance test (CATT) as a measure of liver function. 2. BATT and CATT measured the molar percentage of a test dose (1 mmol/kg body-weight) of benzoic acid or cinnamic acid excreted in the urine as hippuric acid within 24 h. Liver weight, liver lipid levels, and carnitine concentration in plasma and liver were also measured following liver-function testing. 3. BATT and CATT were severely impaired in protein-depleted rats, but returned rapidly to control levels following protein refeeding. Correlations of BATT and CATT with liver lipid concentration were high (r -0.49 and -0.62 respectively), and both tests show promise as clinical tests for liver function in protein-energy malnutrition. 4. Carnitine supplementation was required to return liver carnitine concentration of protein-depleted rats to control levels during repletion, but was not associated with accelerated reduction in liver fat concentration in protein-repleted rats.  相似文献   

5.
Malnutrition is common in patients with uremia, and is frequently latent. In hemodialysis patients, malnutrition can be critical, forming one of the main causes of mortality. Anthropomorphic measurements reveal a decrease in lean and fat body mass in respectively 30–50 and 70 % of these patients. The severity of malnutrition during chronic hemodialysis has led to a search for nutritional markers for use in identifying high-risk patients requiring active nutritional management; they include a serum transthyretin value of < 300 mg/l, a serum somatomedin C of < 300 μg/l and a protein catabolic rate of < 1 g/kg/l. Given their simplicity and low cost, serum transthyretin and the protein catabolic rate may be useful for monitoring such patients.  相似文献   

6.
Several of the clinical and biochemical manifestations of biotin deficiency also occur in severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Average plasma biotin concentrations were lower in 16 malnourished children (10 with marasmus, 3 with kwashiorkor and 3 with marasmic kwashiorkor) than in 31 controls. Lymphocyte mitochondrial carboxylase activities were studied in 11 controls and in 10 patients with PEM; on the average, they were lower in the patients. Their activation indices (the ratio of enzyme activity in cells incubated with biotin to activity in cells incubated without the vitamin) were higher in PEM. All these differences were statistically significant. None of these parameters were age-dependent in a range between 3 and 72 months. Carboxylase activities and plasma biotin levels increased to normal during nutritional recovery in two malnourished patients who were further studied. These results suggest that there is biotin deficiency in severe PEM. Urinary biotin concentrations, expressed per g of creatinine, were higher in the patients than in the controls; this may have been caused by increased renal clearance or by the reduced creatinine excretion which occurs in malnourished individuals. It will be important in future studies to determine the relative contribution of biotin deficiency to the malnourished phenotype.  相似文献   

7.
Patients with renal failure often experience decreased serum zinc that remains uncorrected after dialysis. A complication of this depletion is taste impairment, which can detrimentally influence diet and nutrition. However, because more than half of all serum zinc is bound to albumin, we hypothesized that normalizing serum zinc to albumin levels may be associated with taste impairment. A total of 65 patients undergoing dialysis but not receiving supplementary zinc and 120 control patients not undergoing dialysis (60 malnourished patients and 60 healthy controls) were tested for their receptiveness to saltiness using various salt concentrations. Patients' total protein and albumin levels were measured, and linear regressions were extrapolated between serum zinc levels and total protein or albumin. Patients undergoing dialysis had significantly lower levels of total serum zinc compared with control patients. However, uncorrected zinc levels were not correlated with taste impairment. Normalizing zinc levels against total protein or albumin resulted in extrapolated equations that revealed a significant correlation with taste impairment. Our data suggest a statistical correlation between zinc and albumin in both healthy subjects and patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, or protein-energy malnutrition without hemodialysis, allowing for a quantitative measure for taste impairment.  相似文献   

8.
The association of high vitamin A intake and low bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. To determine the association of dietary vitamin A intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration with BMD, a total of 6481 subjects (2907 men and 3574 women) aged ≥50 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011) were divided into groups according to dietary vitamin A intake (tertiles) and serum 25(OH)D (<50, 50–75, >75 nmol/L), and evaluated for BMD after adjusting for relevant variables. Mean dietary vitamin A intakes were 737 and 600 μg RE (Retinol Equivalents) in men and women, respectively. Total hip and femoral neck BMD in men and lumbar spine BMD in women were both positively correlated with dietary vitamin A intake in subjects with serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L. Among men with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L, both the top (mean 1353 μg RE) and bottom (mean 218 μg RE) tertiles of dietary vitamin A intake had lower BMD than the middle group (mean 577 μg RE). In this population, BMD was the highest among men and women with serum 25(OH)D = 50–75 nmol/L and that there were no differences in BMD by vitamin A intake in these vitamin D adequate groups. This cross-sectional study indicates that vitamin A intake does not affect bone mineral density as long as the serum 25(OH)D concentration is maintained in the moderate level of 50–75 nmol/L.  相似文献   

9.
Severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and skeletal muscle wasting are commonly observed in patients with acute leukemia. Recently, the ingestion of a soy-whey protein blend has been shown to promote muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that the ingestion of a soy-whey blended protein (BP) may improve the PEM status and muscle mass in acute leukemia patients. In total, 24 patients from the same treatment group were randomly assigned to the natural diet plus soy-whey blended protein (BP) group and the natural diet only (ND) group. Our data showed that protein and energy intake decreased significantly (P < .05) after transplantation in both groups. In the absence of the BP intervention, dramatic decreases in muscle-related indicators (i.e., anthropometric variables, muscle strength and serum protein) were observed in the majority (>50%) of the patients. However, 66% of the patients who ingested the BP before transplantation showed obvious increases in arm muscle area. The gripping power value (△post-pre or △post-baseline) was significantly higher in the BP group than in the ND group (P < .05). The ingestion of the BP also increased the levels of serum albumin, globulin and serum total protein to different extents. Notably, the average time to stem cell engraftment was significantly shorter for patients in the BP group (12.2 ± 2.0 days) than for patients in the ND group (15.1 ± 2.9 days). Collectively, our data supported that soy-whey protein can improve PEM status and muscle mass in leukemia patients.  相似文献   

10.
In light of recent data suggesting adverse health effects at blood lead levels (PbB) <10 μg/dl, lowering the current definition of elevated blood lead (10 μg/dl) has been recommended. To ascertain the population level impact of such a change, we calculated the prevalence of PbB 5 μg/dl in 1–21-year-old population in the United States. Furthermore, we characterized changes in PbB between 1988–1994 and 1999–2002.We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (n=10,755) and NHANES 1999–2002 (n=8013).In 1999–2002, about 91.7% of study children had detectable levels of lead in the blood. Among them, 7.3%, 2.8%, and 1.0% children and adolescents aged 1–5, 6–11, and 12–21 years, respectively, had PbB between 5 and 9.9 μg/dl. This number translates to approximately 2.4 million individuals. Between 1988–1994 and 1999–2002, the geometric mean PbB declined from 2.88 to 1.94 μg/dl in children 1–5 years, 1.80 to 1.36 μg/dl in children 6–11 years, and 1.24–1.02 μg/dl in children and adolescents 12–21 years of age. Also, the prevalence of PbB 5 μg/dl declined from 25.7% to 8.8%, 12.8% to 3.0%, and 7.5% to 1.2% in these age groups, respectively.A substantial proportion of children may be at risk for adverse health effects from lead exposure below 10 μg/dl and a large number of children will be classified as having elevated PbB if 5 μg/dl is considered the threshold. Significant public health resources will have to be mobilized for intervention, screening, and case management of these children.  相似文献   

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