首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
早餐频次对我国中小学生能量和营养素摄入的影响   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
目的 了解早餐频次对中小学生能量和营养素的摄入。方法 利用1992年全国营养调查资料,分析17719名中小学生早餐频次对能量和营养素摄入的影响。结果 每天吃早餐组平均每天能量,蛋白质,钙,铁,锌,硒,视黄醇,硫胺素和核黄素等营养素摄入量占RDA的百分比明显高于不吃早餐组,也高于每天平均不到1次的早餐组,随着吃早餐次数的增加,营养素摄入量占RDA的百分比增加,不吃早餐的中小学生,尤其是农村不吃早餐组平均每天能量,蛋白质,钙,铁,锌,硒,视黄醇当量,硫胺素和核黄素等营养素摄入量占RDA不吃早餐的中小学生,尤其是农村不吃早餐组平均每天能量,蛋白质、钙、铁、锌,硒,视黄醇当量,硫胺素和核黄素等营养素摄入量占RDA的百分比明显低于每天吃早餐组,结论 不吃早餐可以引起全天能量和营养素的摄入不足,每天吃早餐中小学生的能量和营养素摄入比较充足。  相似文献   

2.
儿少卫生     
31 0 66 中国中小学生早餐营养素摄入量 /马冠生…∥中国学校卫生 2 0 0 1 ,2 2 ( 5 ) 3 89~ 3 91了解中国中小学生早餐营养素摄入量。利用 1 992年全国营养调查中的住户调查及连续 3d 2 4h回顾法膳食调查资料 ,对中国 1 771 9名中小学生早餐能量和营养素摄入量进行分析。结果 ,中国中小学生早餐蛋白质、钙、锌、硒、视黄醇当量、硫胺素、核黄素等营养素摄入量均未达到RDA的 2 5 % ,其中钙、视黄醇当量和核黄素等摄入量严重不足 ,仅为RDA的 1 0 %左右 ,中小学生早餐来自蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的能量比例不当。比较来看 ,小学生…  相似文献   

3.
苏州大学体育学院部分学生膳食营养状况分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:了解苏州大学体育学院生膳食营养状况。方法:膳食调查,一日热量消耗和营养状况检查,结果:体育学院有50%以上学生每天下午要进行运动训练,男女学生膳食构成中劳素搭配较为合理,但水产类,乳类摄入量偏低。三大营养素占热量来源比例,碳水化合物偏低,脂肪偏高,早餐占总热量比例偏低,男生蛋白质,钙、铁、锌、硫胺素、核黄素和尼克酸摄入量达到中国居民膳食营养素摄入是(DRLs)标准,但视黄醇当量,抗坏血酸摄入偏低,女生热量,钙、视黄醇当量,硫胺素和抗坏血酸摄入量不足,其余营养素摄入量达到DRLs标准。营养状况检查男女学生基本正常。结论:从运动员营养角度来看,需要调整三餐热量分配,在碳水化合物,无机盐和维生素的摄入量上,应有所增加。  相似文献   

4.
成都市城乡居民膳食组成及营养素的总膳食研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
应用总膳食研究方法对成都市城乡代表人群的膳食组成和16种营养素(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、视黄醇、硫胺素、核黄素、抗坏血酸、钙、铁、锌、镁、钾、钠、铜、锰、钻)进行了研究。结果表明:城市居民动物性食物消费普遍高于农村,其中,以猪肉为代表的肉类消费仍分别占城乡居民动物性食物消费总量的61.9%和87.6%;城乡代表性膳食组成仍以粮谷类和蔬菜等植物性为主;全市平均及城市多数食物消费水平已超过或接近推荐的2000年膳食目标,但农村与目标差距较大。全市平均及分城乡摄入的热量分别达到RDA的106.9%、102.1%和111.8%;蛋白质分别达到RDA的96.7%、104.7%和91,2%;铁、铜、锰、钴、钠的摄入量较充足,已分别达到我国RDA和WHO提出的ESADDI;但也存在全市平均及分城乡视黄醇当量、硫胺素、核黄素、抗坏血酸、钙、锌、钾均摄入不足以及城市脂肪摄入过高,农村蛋白质质量较差等值得重视的问题。与以往的研究结果比,居民的营养改善不明显。  相似文献   

5.
目的研究2001~2010年黑龙江省城乡居民膳食结构及营养素摄入状况。方法利用黑龙江省统计局2001~2010年黑龙江省城市和农村年人均食物消费资料,通过膳食计算和统计分析,研究这十年间食物与营养消费状况、各种营养素摄入状况、营养素的食物来源情况,找出城乡居民食物与营养中存在的问题。结果城市居民动物性食品、蔬菜摄入较合理,蛋白质质量较好,谷类、水果类食物摄入偏低,乳品类食物摄入更低。视黄醇摄入量严重不足,硫胺素、核黄素、钙、铁、锌摄入量占RNI百分比偏低;农村居民粮食类食物摄入偏高,其他食物摄入量都偏低,食物能量分布主要来自粮食类。食物的蛋白质来源主要是粮食类,蛋白质质量有待于提高。视黄醇摄入量也是严重不足,核黄素、钙、铁、锌摄入量占RNI百分比偏低。结论黑龙江省城乡居民膳食中存在着膳食不平衡,一些微量营养素摄入不足,尤其是农村,城市居民近5年脂肪摄入偏高。  相似文献   

6.
城区居民膳食调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解城区居民的膳食营养状况.方法应用食物频数问卷和24小时回顾性膳食调查的方法.结果城区居民膳食中蛋白质、铁、硒、维生素E和烟酸的摄入量较充足;钙的摄入量普遍不足、低于RDA的44%~64%;80%以上组的硫胺素、核黄素的摄入量不能满足需要,低于RDA的70%;12%~38%的组锌、视黄醇和抗坏血酸的摄入量偏低、低于RDA的70%.脂肪热比偏高,超过30%,碳水化物热比偏低,低于55%.结论引导居民合理膳食.  相似文献   

7.
目的 分析中、小学寄宿与非寄宿生营养状况,为膳食指导提供依据。方法 随机抽取平顶山煤业集团所属中、小学9—14岁学生采用5d称重法和发放膳食调查表的方法对寄宿和非寄宿生进行膳食调查。并对其中171人进行体格检查,血清钙、铁、锌含量用原于吸收光谱法测定。结果 中、小学寄宿和非寄宿生热能、蛋白质、铁、硫胺素、烟跋、抗坏血酸的摄入量均已达到或超过推荐营养素摄入量(RNI);而钙、视黄醇当量和核黄素的摄入量低于RNI标准,尤其是钙摄入量偏低,均低于RNI的50%以下。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供热比,中学寄宿生脂肪产热比达31.05%,略高于正常值范围(25%—50%)。结论 中、小学非寄宿生的膳食结构略优于寄宿生。营养素的摄入不均衡,钙、视黄醇、核黄素的缺乏是寄宿和非寄宿生共同存在的问题。  相似文献   

8.
河南医大特困生与普通生膳食营养状况分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
对河南医科大学42名特困生和42名普通生进行了膳食营养状况调查。结果表明:膳食能量的摄入量与推荐供给量标准(RDA)比较,特困生仅达80%,显示不足,普通生达RDA的90%以上,基本满足要求。能量来源的69.6%~70.9%为碳水化合物,11.6%~12.4%为蛋白质,17.5%~18.0%为脂肪,其中来自脂肪的能量偏低,应适当提高。蛋白质的平均摄入量达RDA的80%以上,基本满足需要,但是优质蛋白不足。钙、锌元素摄入量为RDA的60%,严重不足;硫胺素、核黄素、抗坏血酸摄入量为RDA的80%,视黄醇当量低于60%,几种维生素的摄入量普遍不足。膳食结构亦不尽合理,应改进膳食给构,增加副食摄入,提高优质蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、维生素等的摄入量。  相似文献   

9.
郑玉梅  殷德明 《营养学报》1994,16(2):180-185
将贵阳郊区195名乳母分为孕期营养指导组(58)、汉族组(43)、布依族组(44)、苗族组(50)四组,进行产后7天、42-56天、3月、6月的膳食调查及乳中蛋白质,脂肪和乳糖含量测定,结果表明:四组乳母能量摄入量比较适宜,但随着哺乳期有延长,蛋白质、脂肪、视黄醇当量摄入量逐渐减少,碳水化物、抗坏血酸摄入量逐渐增加。硫胺素、烟酸仅达到RDA的70%左右。铁摄入量均达到或超过RDA。钙,核黄素在整个  相似文献   

10.
何丽  赵文华  张馨  由悦  陈君石 《卫生研究》2004,33(6):694-697
目的 了解我国南北方居民一年内营养素摄入量的变化 ,判定营养素摄入是否具有季节性差异。方法 采用 2 4小时膳食回顾调查法对中国典型的北方农村和南方城乡三地合计约 30 0名健康成年居民进行膳食调查 ,一年内共调查 6次 ,两月一次 ,每次连续调查 3天。根据食物摄入量的调查结果 ,计算出每人每天能量和各种营养素的摄入量。结果 三地居民平均每天的能量、蛋白质以及脂肪的摄入量是充足的。我国典型南北方居民能量以及三大营养素 (蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物 )摄入量的季节性差异较小 ;硫胺素、核黄素、维生素E、烟酸以及锌的季节性变化也不大 ;视黄醇当量、抗坏血酸、钾和钙的摄入量则存在明显季节性差异。结论 通过对我国南北方三地一年多次的膳食调查结果分析 ,农村地区若避开 1月份的农闲季节和 7月份的农忙季节 ,其它月份进行的营养调查结果可以代表调查对象平常的膳食摄入情况 ;城市地区在一年的任何月份进行营养调查 ,对结果的影响都不大  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to describe the nutrients provided to Australian children and adolescents by the breakfast meal and compare the food and nutrient intakes and health of regular breakfast eaters (those who ate breakfast 5 days or more a week) and skippers (who are breakfast rarely or never). The Australian Bureau of Statistics was commissioned to undertake additional analysis of data collected in the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey. The survey included 24-h recalls, physical measurements and a food-habits questionnaire collected during the period February 1995-March 1996, with a nationally representative sample of 3,007 Australians aged between 2 and 18 years. The median nutrient intakes at breakfast and the proportion of the daily total contributed by breakfast were calculated. Differences between regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers in terms of nutrient intake, body mass index and health status were compared using student t-tests. The findings show the typical breakfast consumed by young Australians was low in fat, high in carbohydrate and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and magnesium. Those who did not eat breakfast cereal were much more likely to have inadequate nutrient intakes, especially of thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and iron. There was no difference between the fat intake and the body mass index of regular breakfast eaters compared with breakfast skippers. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with better diets for children and adolescents.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine mean intake of energy and protein, total fat, saturated fat, percent energy from total and saturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, zinc, folate, vitamins A, C, E, B-6 and B-12, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, magnesium, sodium and fiber of preschool Head Start children at school and away from school. DESIGN: Twenty-four-hour food intakes for 358 Head Start children were obtained by observing food intake at school and acquiring intake recalls from parents or guardians specifying food their children consumed for the balance of the day. After determining group estimates of energy and nutrient intake, mean intake was compared to standard nutrient recommendations for the entire 24-hour day, i.e., for the time the children were in school and for the remaining hours away from school ("home" intake). SUBJECTS: The 358 Head Start children attended school either half-day (2- to 3-hour AM and PM sessions) or all-day (5 to 6 hours). STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Differences in nutrient intake among class times were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Differences with a p-value <0.05 (two-tailed) were considered to be statistically significant. Total energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamins A, C, E, B6, and B12, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin as well as folate and magnesium were compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the 4- to 6-year-old age group. Other standards that were used for comparisons included the National Cholesterol Education Program (fat, saturated fat and cholesterol), the 1989 National Research Council's Diet and Health Report (carbohydrate and sodium) and the recommendation for fiber proposed by the American Health Foundation. RESULTS: At school, half-day children consumed up to 25% of the daily recommendation for energy and nutrients, while all-day children achieved at least a third of the recommended intakes. When intakes at home and school were combined, all three groups of children (AM, PM and all-day) exceeded dietary recommendations for protein, vitamins and minerals. Energy intake remained below 100% of the recommendation, while intake of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol exceeded recommendations. APPLICATION: Further research is required to explore energy needs and determine nutritional status and nutrient needs of minority and low-income preschool children. Strategies are required to increase nutrient density, but not fat density, of meals and snacks served to children who attend day care for part of the day. Finally, school meals and nutrition education programs such as Team Nutrition should broaden their base to include healthful eating habits for all school children, including the very youngest children in preschool programs.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to describe the nutrients provided to Australian adults by the breakfast meal and to compare the food and nutrient intakes and health of regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was commissioned to undertake additional analysis of data collected in the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). The survey included 24-h recalls, physical measurements and a food habits questionnaire collected during the period February 1995–March 1996, with a nationally representative sample of 10,851 Australians aged 19 years and older. The median nutrient intakes at breakfast and the proportion of the daily total contributed by breakfast were calculated. Differences between regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers in terms of nutrient intake, body mass index and health status were compared using Student t-tests. The findings show the typical Australian breakfast was low in fat, high in carbohydrate and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and magnesium. In the NNS regular breakfast eaters had more adequate diets overall, particularly those aged 65+ years. People who did not eat breakfast cereal were much more likely to have inadequate nutrient intakes, especially of thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and iron. Regular breakfast eaters were more likely to rate their health as excellent or good than those who skip breakfast, but there was no difference between the fat intake or the body mass index of regular breakfast eaters compared with breakfast skippers. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with better diets for adults overall.  相似文献   

14.
Food consumption patterns of college students, divided into subgroups of men (no. = 58), women with mean energy intakes greater than 1,200 kcal (no. = 192), and women consuming less than 1,200 kcal (no. = 53), were studied using 3-day food records. Patterns of nutrient intakes, eating frequency, and types of food eaten differed among subgroups. Women with less than 1,200 kcal had lower intakes of protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin; they ate less frequently; and they ate less meat and eggs, legumes, bread, cooked starchy vegetables, milk products, desserts, added fat, and added sugar than did men and women whose mean energy intakes exceeded 1,200 kcal. There were differences between the latter two groups for 10 nutrients and for intakes of fluid milk, meat and eggs, legumes, bread, cooked starchy vegetables, alcoholic beverages, and noncarbonated, sweetened beverages. Diets of men met the RDAs for all nutrients calculated, and diets of women whose intakes exceeded 1,200 kcal met all RDAs except that for iron. Group mean intakes of women with less than 1,200 kcal did not meet the RDAs for calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. However, the subgroup with intakes less than 1,200 kcal consumed food of greater nutrient density than did other college students.  相似文献   

15.
This cross-sectional dietary survey aimed to assess the consumption and relative nutrient contribution of ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) among schoolchildren from 2 social classes in an urban center in the Guatemalan province of Quetzaltenango. A total of 449 24-hour dietary records were collected using a pictorial workbook registry method among third- and fourth-grade schoolchildren. The sample population was divided between low-income, public school attendants (n = 219) and students from higher-income private institutions (n = 230). We described the contribution of RTEC to estimated total energy; carbohydrates; protein; fat; vitamins A, C, and D; thiamin; riboflavin; folate; calcium; iron; and zinc over the 24-hour interval of registry. Approximately 41% of the subjects mentioned RTEC at least once in their 24-hour record; 93% of these at breakfast time. From the 7 RTEC varieties reported, 4 were presweetened. Estimated cereal consumption was significantly higher among private school participants (P < .001). The RTEC contributed 2.4% of estimated total energy across the whole sample and 3.6% of total carbohydrate; iron intake from RTEC was 21% of total, whereas less than 1% of calcium intake came from this source. Among the subgroup of cereal consumers, RTEC accounted for more than 40% of their daily recommendation intake for iron, vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin. The RTEC consumers had significantly higher intakes for all nutrients except carbohydrate and riboflavin as compared with nonconsumers. This study demonstrates the importance of RTEC as a key source of several selected micronutrients to schoolchildren's diet in this setting.  相似文献   

16.
Meal and snack patterns of 114 male and 111 female adolescents in a southern Appalachian state were examined from 24-hour food records kept on a school day. Breakfast was skipped by 34% of the respondents, and 27% either skipped lunch or ate a snack-type lunch. The evening meal and snacks, each of which contributed about one-third of the daily energy intake, were eaten by 94% and 89%, respectively. Girls' mean intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron were low at all eating occasions throughout the day. Boys' mean intakes of iron were low at breakfast, lunch, and snacks; their vitamin A intakes were low at lunch and snacks. Adolescents who prepared their own breakfasts consumed less energy, protein, fat, and niacin at that meal than did adolescents who ate breakfasts prepared by their mothers. However, adolescent-prepared breakfasts were higher in nutrient density for calcium, riboflavin, and thiamin. Evening meals prepared by adolescents were similar in total nutrient content to meals prepared by their mothers but lower in nutrient density for iron and thiamin. Evening meals prepared by adolescents were more likely to include a sandwich and less likely to include a vegetable than were meals prepared by mothers.  相似文献   

17.
目的:食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估人群膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性进行验证。方法:使用3d称重法(WFR)和FFQ收集北京市130名35~49岁健康成人食物摄入资料,计算出其能量和营养素的摄入量并加以比较。结果:由食物WFR计算到的研究对象能量摄入为9.6MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入分别为82.1、87.5和269.7g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为9.7MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入量分别为88.3g/d、113.9g/d和248.8g/d,两种方法调查的膳食能量、蛋白质及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估27.2%),碳水化物摄入量则被低估(低估10.8%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于WFR,但低估维生素E、铁和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,除维生素C、胡萝卜素和视黄醇当量外,均与WFR显著正相关,相关系数在0.22~0.51之间,但在调整年龄、性别和膳食能量摄入量的影响后,FFQ对膳食脂肪、维生素B1、钠和磷摄入量的估计与WFR相关的显著性消失。结论:FFQ可以用于评估膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化物、维生素A、维生素B2、尼克酸、钾、钙、锌和硒的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、视黄醇当量、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E、钠、铁和磷的摄入量。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to describe the nutrients provided to Australian adults by the breakfast meal and to compare the food and nutrient intakes and health of regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers. The Australian Bureau of Statistics was commissioned to undertake additional analysis of data collected in the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey (NNS). The survey included 24-h recalls, physical measurements and a food habits questionnaire collected during the period February 1995-March 1996, with a nationally representative sample of 10,851 Australians aged 19 years and older. The median nutrient intakes at breakfast and the proportion of the daily total contributed by breakfast were calculated. Differences between regular breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers in terms of nutrient intake, body mass index and health status were compared using Student t-tests. The findings show the typical Australian breakfast was low in fat, high in carbohydrate and a good source of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and magnesium. In the NNS regular breakfast eaters had more adequate diets overall, particularly those aged 65+ years. People who did not eat breakfast cereal were much more likely to have inadequate nutrient intakes, especially of thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and iron. Regular breakfast eaters were more likely to rate their health as excellent or good than those who skip breakfast, but there was no difference between the fat intake or the body mass index of regular breakfast eaters compared with breakfast skippers. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with better diets for adults overall.  相似文献   

19.
Low-income pregnant women of Mexican descent were studied to determine whether their food habits could be improved by nutrition education. Biochemical indices of nutritional status were also investigated. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were obtained at an initial interview and again at a final interview after a nutrition education program, which was offered to a randomly selected treatment group. At the initial interview, the mean nutrient intakes that were most often below two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) were iron, vitamin A, thiamin, and calcium. The mean energy value of the diets was also frequently below the RDA. At the final intakes, although the mean energy values and the calcium and carbohydrate of both the control and treatment groups increased significantly, the following improvements in dietary intakes were seen only within the treatment group: 1) there were significant increases in the mean intake of protein, ascorbic acid, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin, 2) there were significant decreases in the percentage of intakes below two-thirds of the RDA for ascorbic acid and riboflavin, and 3) there was a significant decrease in the incidence of multiple low nutrient intakes. These dietary improvements, which occurred only in the treatment group, suggest the effectiveness of the nutrition education program. The most common biochemical deficiencies were of folic acid, thiamin, and riboflavin. Except for an improvement in mean serum folate levels, the biochemical indices for the treatment group did not appear to be influenced by the nutrition education. It is possible that the vitamin and mineral supplements which were taken by 80% of the women could have obscured improvements in biochemical indices which may have been due to the education program.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号